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Question1

When measuring sustainability a set of indicators are used to ease the process of measuring

sustainability

UNSCD measure economic .

Therefore it is not surprising local indicators are too compartmentalied

!n the other hand inno"ati"e e#periences."ie$ as holistic concept. Not only an

amalgamation

%in&s are established by the local communities.ho$ important is public

'ssues on in"ol"ing public in selecting indicators. (genda )1 initiati"e u& more emphasis

..this leads to %ac& of en"ironmental indicators. *ost local data is to local interest of

national la$

(n e#ample lac& of energy consumption. !r data sho$ ho$ local orga effect global en".

De"elopment.+acoustic poll, green areas, fuel consumption-

'n the other hand air pollution data is "ery common

( study by ( sho$ that energy, data not a"ailable at local le"el.

(nother problem is that most data uses different classification system or impossible to

compare

'n conclusion, local and global authorities need to create a global frame$or&.

Question /

'ndicators and approaches being used are counter producti"e

0oal focusing on one trac& to sol"e problems is failing to respond to the uncertainty and

shifting dynamics of this $orld

These approaches ris& to $ea&en the planetary boundaries and destroy made progresses

/ scientists +step centre, tellus centre, Stoc&holm resilient centre-ne$ approach lin&ing /d is

needed

Direction, being clear on the particular goes and ppp not lea"ing anything open to discussion

and broad, but steering these to$ards sgds $ithin planetary boundaries

Some local $ill need different from national, but directly engaging $ith such differences tht

$e may come up $ith more robust solution

(lso means steering a$ay from unsustainable solutions

Di"ersity, nurturing a more di"erse approach and form of inno"ation allo$ us to respond to

uncertainties and surprise arising from comple# interacting biophysical and socioeconomical, a"oiding the ris&s of putting all in one bas&et

2ostering di"ersity helps to foster a more resilient inno"ation path$ays into the future

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Distribution,ta&ing serious ho$ space operation is distributed bet$een communities,

Who loses and $ho gainsthere are often trade offs local and nationals

.e#ample east (frica $ide land de"elopment help national security but hurts local farmers

Setting sdgs re3uires proper distributions not 4ust achie"ing tric&le do$n solutions, but

changing directions and di"ersity through communities5 engagement instead of e#cluding

ppl.

Question 6

Sea has been described as ' at a more strategic le"el, sea can be described as the formalied,

systematic and comprehensi"e process of e"aluating the ' of a ppp, including report

't could be argued '( is at a more smaller strategic le"el of S( as it is only specific to a

particular ppp

Therefore eia cannot lead to a comprehensi"e protection of the en"ironment

2irsts it reacts to development proposal rather than anticipating them. No anticipation or

mo"ing ppp from area only accepting or re4ection

Second it does not ade3uately consider cumulative effectsof more than one pro4ect.

(lthough cumulati"e effects are need too be ta&en care of , there are limitation due to lac& of

&no$ledge or control.

The 'a only addresses alternatives to the proposed projects in a limited manner , this is

partly due to the lac& of guidance and emphasis gi"en to alternati"es in '( legislations, or

ppp already dra$n up too late too change important decisions already made

The measures for mitigation of impacts proposed in a '( are limited mitigation measures

can be "ie$ed in senses as a form of alternati"es.

*itigation procedures added after important decisions are made, 3uestionable if mitigation

can sol"e big problems or 4ust small ones.

In time scaleof a pro4ect for preparing a '( is often determined by others factors

particularly financial constraints and the timing of planning applications.

'( done in small time scale, limit in data and 3uality.

Expertisebrought into too late

Public involvement may be limited in eia.

Sea differs from '( as it implements sustainabilityconcept into, more than helping the

en"ironment from ppp, ho$e"er there are many problems to this

'n conclusion '( effecti"e in minimal $ay

S( not only $ould o"ercame the $orsts limitations of the e#isting system of i(, but it

$ould also be a proacti"e step to$ards sustainability

Question 7

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The main challenge is creating interaction between the sea team and the policy and

decision making team

Sea had the greatest influence in policy ma&ers in countries li&e argentine and Cech republic

and Slo"a&ian countries, $here great le"el of interaction

'n Canada and 8olland also sea compliance $as pro forma, and as a result little effect on the

en"ironment $as the outcome

'n Canada th e"aluation emphasised on the limitation of onetime assessment only, in

8olland pre"ious sea started too late therefore more emphasis $as on to conduct early in the

policy ma&ing process so that more complete en" appraisal can be conducted $hen

$arranted.

Some sea e#perts argue that integrated assessment may dilute the attention gi"en to

en"ironmental issues, ho$e"er no e"idence

't is not clear that integration dilutes because inno"ati"e processes can be created to offset

any such danger

(nother challenge is to con"ince policy and decision ma&ers to use sea results

Creating incentives for compliance, in Canada the absence for noncompliance is "ie$ed as

a reason for such pro forma

!ne $ay to create compliance is to create penalties9 incenti"es controlled by agencies

+e#ternal- (rgentina, internal controlled by high cabinet authorities Cech :epublic or

controlling resources. #ternal founder

oster organi!ational learning,policy ma&ers may ta&e results serious if they learned of

case studies demonstrating the "alues of sea conducted in similar circumstances, the

challenge is identifying similar case study

This information transfer may be handled at go"ernment le"el $here it is possible to pro"ide

case studies and further training and $or&shops

0aining high le"el commitment from high le"el authorities is critical in implementing a

program re3uiring policy le"el sea.

%i&e in Canada case study $hen authorities sho$ sign of interest and bac&ing up sea, sends

signals to lo$er le"el of staff that sea must be ta&en seriously. 'n these circumstances sea

process can be crafted to reflect the realities of day to day agencies operation

Question ;

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Sometimes the public is represented by groups or representati"es, targeting the affected

group due to spread of the ppp,

"en in most democratic systems opening up sea to public faces constraints= policy ma&ers

are not al$ays a"ailable to ma&e info a"ailable to public due to e#ternal authorities, ho$e"er

interests group someho$ manage to influence decisions and consultations

'n short due to political and commercial reasons the production or disclosure of data needed

for public participation in sea can face opposition from a "ariety of pri"ate and publicsta&eholders

"en though researches sho$s positi"e impacts of public in"ol"ement, planners still see it as

problematic, lengthen performance times, adds costs and imposes constraints on planning

process

Studies in >elgium, go"ernment is mostly li&ely to be the main opposition of public part,

!n the other hand authors day public in"ol"ement pre"ent bloc&age that produces much

longer delays, generally rational planning and public in"ol"ement ha"e been percei"e as

being at the opposite scales

The practice of sea in the usa, (ustralia, ne$ ?ealand and netherland sho$s a broad range of

e#amples of public participation,

'n that conte#t a study sho$s that ) things ma&e a good sea= good sta&eholders and public

in"ol"ement and a fle#ible sea that fits into the decision ma&ing frame$or&

(ccording to some author sea public in"ol"ement sho$s some benefits $hen it is carried out

in con4unction since start= identification of early problems and a"oidance of later public

oppositions, increasing transparency , enabling parties to re"ie$ the analysis and conclusion

of the public representati"es, proposing alternati"es and mitigating measures re3uestinge#planation on en"r impacts, helping a"oidance of public confrontation, fostering e#pertise

sharing, reinforcing adherence to ppp before they are adopted and ensuring better application