Exam Review Health Psychology. Response Cost Behavior decreases due to something being removed from...
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Transcript of Exam Review Health Psychology. Response Cost Behavior decreases due to something being removed from...
Primary prevention
• consists of immunizations and lifestyle changes to prevent illness in healthy people.
Correlation Coefficient
• One number that tells us about the strength and direction of the relationship between X and Y.
Operant Conditioning
• What does the organism learn?• Consequences of behavior.• What to do to get what you want.
Nomothetic
• Of or relating to the study or discovery of general scientific laws.
• Most social research is concerned with the nomothetic -- the general case -- rather than the individual. We often study individuals, but usually we are interested in generalizing to more than just the individual.
EXPERIMENT• Experimenter
manipulation– Independent variable– Dependent variable
• Two or more groups– experimental group– control group
• Random assignment
empirical:
• a. Relying on or derived from observation or experiment: empirical results that supported the hypothesis.
• b. Verifiable or provable by means of observation or experiment: empirical laws
Dependent Variable
• Presumed to be caused or affected by the independent variable. The outcome measure.
Adherence
• Adherence and compliance refer to the patient’s ability and willingness to follow recommended health practices.
• In general nonadherence remains at about 50%
Locus of control
• Internal locus of control– The belief that people can control their own
outcomes of fate
Risk factor
• A risk factor is any characteristic or condition that occurs with greater frequency in people with a disease than it does in people free from the disease.
Health Belief Model
Assumes that people hold certain beliefs which lead the person to a greater or lesser degree to seek help or modify high-risk behaviors.
• personal vulnerability• the severity of the disease • the costs of taking action• benefits of taking action
The Immune System
• Tissues, organs and processes that protect the body from invasion by foreign material.
Dose Response Relationship
• A direct, consistent association between an independent variable, such as a behavior, and a dependent variable, such as a disease
Theory of reasoned action
• Behavior is directed toward a goal or outcome and people freely choose actions that will move them toward that goal.
• The individual's intention to perform a behavior is a combination of – attitude toward performing the behavior – subjective norm.– perceived behavioral control.
Self-efficacy
• The belief that one is capable of performing the behaviors that will produce desired outcomes in any particular situation.
Transtheoretical Model
• People progress through five stages in changing behavior:– precontemplation– contemplation– preparation– action– maintenance
Lazrus Model of Stress
• It is not the life event but one’s view of it that determines the level of stress.