Exam 1 Review(Units 1 & 2)

1

2

Such as

Made up from

Gets energy from

Builds genetic

codes with

Such as

and

Stores energy

in

Builds cells with

Which may be

Also used

to form

BiomolecuBiomoleculesles

membranmembraneses

Linked by

Made up of

and

RNARNA

containing

BaseBasess

and

PentosPentose e

sugarssugars

From plants

And grazing animals get energy from

CelluloCellulosese

From animal

sSaturateSaturate

d Fatsd Fats Amino acidsCarbohydrates

DNAFats, oils

LipidsNucleic acidsNucleotides

Peptide bondsProteinsSugars

StarchesUnsaturated fats

CarbohydratCarbohydrateses

sugarsugarss

starchesstarches

LipidLipidss

Fats Fats & oils& oils

proteinsproteins

UnsaturateUnsaturated fatsd fats

Amino

acids

Peptide

bonds

Nucleic acids

nucleotidenucleotidess

DNDNAA

3

1. What 1. What substance do substance do people lack if people lack if

they are unable they are unable to metabolize to metabolize certain foods?certain foods?

4

EnzymesEnzymes

5

2. Which 2. Which biomolecule is biomolecule is

used for energy used for energy only after lipids & only after lipids &

carbohydrates carbohydrates have been have been depleted?depleted?

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ProteinsProteins

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3. What are some 3. What are some examples of examples of

lipids?lipids?

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Waxes, oils, fatsWaxes, oils, fats

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4. What are 4. What are groups of cells groups of cells that have to that have to

work together to work together to allow an organ to allow an organ to function called?function called?

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TissuesTissues

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5. What group in 5. What group in an experiment is an experiment is

used for used for comparison/comparison/standard?standard?

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Control groupControl group

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6. What do you 6. What do you call compounds call compounds that contain the that contain the element carbon element carbon

and/or have and/or have hydrogen bonds?hydrogen bonds?

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Biomolecules Biomolecules

MacromoleculesMacromolecules

Organic Organic moleculesmolecules

PolymersPolymers

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7. What level of 7. What level of biological biological

organization organization contains different contains different

populations populations interacting interacting together?together?

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CommunityCommunity

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8. What are 8. What are subunits bonded subunits bonded together to make together to make

large carbon large carbon compounds compounds (polymers)?(polymers)?

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MonomersMonomers

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9. Complete the 9. Complete the following analogy:following analogy:

Big : Little ::Big : Little ::

______ : Monomer______ : Monomer

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10. What is the 10. What is the meaning of the meaning of the

prefix poly-?prefix poly-?

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ManyMany

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11. Amino acids 11. Amino acids link to make this link to make this

polymer. polymer.

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ProteinProtein

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12. How does 12. How does changing pH or changing pH or

increasing increasing temperature affect temperature affect

the action of an the action of an enzyme?enzyme?

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Slows the enzyme Slows the enzyme activity down & activity down &

the reaction the reaction would stopwould stop

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13. Which 13. Which biomolecule biomolecule functions in functions in

transport, structure transport, structure & regulating & regulating

enzymes?enzymes?

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ProteinsProteins

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14. Macromolecules 14. Macromolecules that can store the that can store the most energy are…most energy are…

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LipidsLipids

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15. The monomer 15. The monomer for carbohydrates for carbohydrates

is…is…

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MonosaccharidesMonosaccharides

(sugars)(sugars)

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16. What do 16. What do amino acids amino acids

build?build?

33

ProteinsProteins

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17. What is the 17. What is the MOST MOST

important important element in element in

biomolecules?biomolecules?

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CarbonCarbon

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18. Temperature, 18. Temperature, pH & concentration pH & concentration

can effect which can effect which type of protein?type of protein?

37

EnzymesEnzymes

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19. Fatty acids 19. Fatty acids are long chains are long chains

of this of this macromoleculemacromolecule

… …

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LipidsLipids

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20. List the top five 20. List the top five most common most common elements in elements in

biomoleculesbiomolecules

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CHOPNCHOPNCarbon, hydrogen, oxygen, Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,

phosphorus, nitrogenphosphorus, nitrogen

42

21. Enzymes 21. Enzymes are this type of are this type of macromoleculemacromolecule

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ProteinProtein

44

22. RNA & 22. RNA & DNA are DNA are

which type of which type of biomolecule?biomolecule?

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Nucleic acidsNucleic acids

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23. Nucleotides 23. Nucleotides make up ______.make up ______.

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Nucleic acidsNucleic acids

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24. Reactant 24. Reactant catalyzed by an catalyzed by an

enzyme is…enzyme is…

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SubstrateSubstrate

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25. Which 25. Which biomolecule is biomolecule is responsible for responsible for

digesting food & digesting food & breaking down breaking down

glucose?glucose?

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Proteins Proteins (enzymes)(enzymes)

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26. How is a 26. How is a hypothesis hypothesis

written?written?

53

If, then, If, then, because…because…

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27. Suzie Q wants to know the effect of 27. Suzie Q wants to know the effect of different colors of light on the growth different colors of light on the growth of plants. She believes that plants can of plants. She believes that plants can survive best in white light. She buys 5 survive best in white light. She buys 5

ferns of the same species, which are all ferns of the same species, which are all the same age & height. She places one the same age & height. She places one in the white light, one in blue light, one in the white light, one in blue light, one in green light, one in red light and one in green light, one in red light and one

in the closet. All of the ferns are in the closet. All of the ferns are planted in Miracle-Gro & given 20ml of planted in Miracle-Gro & given 20ml of water once a day for 2 weeks. After 2 water once a day for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks, Suzie observes the plants & weeks, Suzie observes the plants &

makes measurements.makes measurements.

What is the dependent variable?What is the dependent variable?

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Growth of the Growth of the plantsplants

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28. Suzie Q wants to know the effect of 28. Suzie Q wants to know the effect of different colors of light on the growth different colors of light on the growth of plants. She believes that plants can of plants. She believes that plants can survive best in white light. She buys 5 survive best in white light. She buys 5

ferns of the same species, which are all ferns of the same species, which are all the same age & height. She places one the same age & height. She places one in the white light, one in blue light, one in the white light, one in blue light, one in green light, one in red light and one in green light, one in red light and one

in the closet. All of the ferns are in the closet. All of the ferns are planted in Miracle-Gro & given 20ml of planted in Miracle-Gro & given 20ml of water once a day for 2 weeks. After 2 water once a day for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks, Suzie observes the plants & weeks, Suzie observes the plants &

makes measurements.makes measurements.

What is the independent variable?What is the independent variable?

57

Colors of lightColors of light

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29. Suzie Q wants to know the effect of 29. Suzie Q wants to know the effect of different colors of light on the growth different colors of light on the growth of plants. She believes that plants can of plants. She believes that plants can survive best in white light. She buys 5 survive best in white light. She buys 5

ferns of the same species, which are all ferns of the same species, which are all the same age & height. She places one the same age & height. She places one in the white light, one in blue light, one in the white light, one in blue light, one in green light, one in red light and one in green light, one in red light and one

in the closet. All of the ferns are in the closet. All of the ferns are planted in Miracle-Gro & given 20ml of planted in Miracle-Gro & given 20ml of water once a day for 2 weeks. After 2 water once a day for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks, Suzie observes the plants & weeks, Suzie observes the plants &

makes measurements.makes measurements.

List four constants?List four constants?

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Species of fernSpecies of fern

AgeAge

HeightHeight

Type of soilType of soil

Amount of water givenAmount of water given

Frequency of water Frequency of water givengiven

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30. Suzie Q wants to know the effect of 30. Suzie Q wants to know the effect of different colors of light on the growth different colors of light on the growth of plants. She believes that plants can of plants. She believes that plants can survive best in white light. She buys 5 survive best in white light. She buys 5

ferns of the same species, which are all ferns of the same species, which are all the same age & height. She places one the same age & height. She places one in the white light, one in blue light, one in the white light, one in blue light, one in green light, one in red light and one in green light, one in red light and one

in the closet. All of the ferns are in the closet. All of the ferns are planted in Miracle-Gro & given 20ml of planted in Miracle-Gro & given 20ml of water once a day for 2 weeks. After 2 water once a day for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks, Suzie observes the plants & weeks, Suzie observes the plants &

makes measurements.makes measurements.

What is the control group?What is the control group?

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Plant in the Plant in the closetcloset

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31. Why are 31. Why are enzymes considered enzymes considered

picky proteins?picky proteins?

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They are specific They are specific to one substrateto one substrate

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32. What are some 32. What are some examples of organs?examples of organs?

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Heart, stomach, Heart, stomach, intestines, lungs, intestines, lungs,

liverliver

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33. What is the 33. What is the function of function of

carbohydrates?carbohydrates?

67

Provide energyProvide energy

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34. What are the 34. What are the functions of lipids?functions of lipids?

69

InsulationInsulation

Energy STORAGEEnergy STORAGE

Cell membraneCell membrane

70

35. What is the 35. What is the function of nucleic function of nucleic

acids?acids?

71

Direct cell Direct cell processesprocesses

72

36. What is the 36. What is the optimal temperature optimal temperature

for enzyme B?for enzyme B?

73

About 60About 60◦◦CC

(where the peak (where the peak is)is)

74

37. How are 37. How are polymers created?polymers created?

75

MANY monomers MANY monomers bonded together bonded together to form a chainto form a chain

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38. How would a 38. How would a reaction be affected reaction be affected

if the enzyme if the enzyme concentration was concentration was

increased?increased?

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More substrates More substrates broken down = broken down = more productsmore products

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39. What kind of 39. What kind of bond joins amino bond joins amino acids together to acids together to make proteins?make proteins?

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peptidepeptide

80

40. Which statement 40. Which statement is false?is false?

•Enzymes are sensitive to ph & temp changeEnzymes are sensitive to ph & temp change

•Enzymes can only work on one substrateEnzymes can only work on one substrate

•Enzymes are changed by the reactions they Enzymes are changed by the reactions they catalyzecatalyze

•Enzymes break down substratesEnzymes break down substrates