Exam 1 A week from Tuesday (Tue 16 Oct) –6-8pm in Chemistry (not in Psych auditorium)...
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Transcript of Exam 1 A week from Tuesday (Tue 16 Oct) –6-8pm in Chemistry (not in Psych auditorium)...
Exam 1
• A week from Tuesday (Tue 16 Oct)– 6-8pm in Chemistry (not in Psych auditorium)
– Meredith’s sections in 1400 Chemistry
– Everyone else in 1800 Chemistry
• Will cover:– Lectures 1-9 (up to and including this Thu)
– Textbook: Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7
– Articles: Kohler, Sacks, McCloskey, Kosslyn
• Review sheet is posted on coursetools (look under Resources)
Observer Perspective
• Another distortion in visuospatial processing
• People tend to subjectively stretch area around them and shrink other areas
• Report distance from familiar place to unfamiliar place to be longer than reverse
• E.g., Perspective from NYC
Visual Imagery
Lecture Outline
Issues: (a) Perception vs. imagery(b) Depictive vs. propositional code(c) Compromise theory
1. Perception and imagery1.1. Depictive and propositional codes
1.2. Imagery phenomena: scanning, zooming, transforming
2. Theory of mental imagery2.1. Differences between imagery & perception
2.2. Compromise theory
Propositional vs. Depictive
• Propositional– The globe is on the desk
– ON (GLOBE, DESK)
• Depictive
Propositional vs. Depictive• Issue: Is the representation that underlies imagery propositional or depictive?
Propositional:
Depictive:
George Washingtonhas
white hair
wooden teeth
has has
thin lips
Perform two tasks simultaneously, if they interfere then they must require the same mental system.
Interference effects
Auditory Detection Visual Detection
Auditory imagery
Visual imagery
Interference
Interference
(None)
(None)
Kosslyn: Image Scanning
Kosslyn: Image Scanning
Demand Characteristics?
• Perhaps subjects think you want them to act like they’re scanning an image, so they act that way– Subjects infer the experimenter’s implicit demands
• Or perhaps experimenters expect a certain set of results and this biases results
• But get similar results when experimenters and subjects told that theory predicts scanning short distances takes longer
Image Zooming
Far Near
Mental Rotation
Mental Rotation
Mental Rotation
Mental Rotation
Mental Rotation
127° 90° 45° Comparison
Intermediate Rotations
Imagery isn’t just like perception
• Perception has metric qualities that images don’t
• Example: Bisected rectangle with diagonal lines
Metric Qualities of Perception
1"
1"
AB1
B2
Part-Whole Relationships
• Quickly glance at this Star of David then look away
Part-Whole Relationships
• Using imagery: Did it contain a parallelogram?
Part-Whole Relationships
• Using perception: Does it contain a parallelogram?
Part-Whole Relationships
• Using perception: Does it contain a parallelogram?
A Duck
Ambiguous Figures
• That figure was actually ambiguous
• Using imagery: What else could that figure have been?
Ambiguous Figures
• Using perception: What else could that figure be?
Compromise Theory (Kosslyn)1 - Basic code is propositional (for long term storage)1 - Basic code is propositional (for long term storage)
2 - Propositional code used to create depictive image2 - Propositional code used to create depictive image
3 - Depictive image can be scanned, zoomed, etc.3 - Depictive image can be scanned, zoomed, etc.
George Washingtonhas
white hair
wooden teeth
hashas
thin lips
generateimage
Visual Imagery and Cortex
Ventral
Dorsal
Visual Cortex
Dorsal
Parietal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Memorize Grid Letters
Image Complexity
Ordered Image Construction
Ordered Image Construction
Ordered Image Construction
Imagery vs. Motor Control
Lecture Outline
Issues: (a) Perception vs. imagery(b) Depictive vs. propositional code(c) Compromise theory
1. Perception and imagery1.1. Depictive and propositional codes
1.2. Imagery phenomena: scanning, zooming, transforming
2. Theory of mental imagery2.1. Differences between imagery & perception
2.2. Compromise theory
Next Time
• Working Memory
• Read pp. 181-196 in the textbook
• Read article by Baddeley