1FIESEARCH INFORMATION,1~ -_ East-West Center

JUN 7 1993 ViewsEWC Views is a publication of the East-West Center 1777 East-West Road " Honolulu, HI 96848 May-June 1993 " Volume 3 " Number 3

Accidents Fuel DebateOver ma"alacca StraitThe

increasing frequency of oil tankeraccidents in the heavily used Strait of

Malacca has triggered vigorous interna-tional debate over what action to take,according to East-West Center researcherMark 3. Valencia.The Malacca Strait and the Singapore

Strait to the east connect the IndianOcean with the South China Sea. Thewaterway extends 431 nautical miles andserves as the funnel point for tanker trafficcarrying Persian Gulf oil around SoutheastAsia up to Japan. About 70 percent ofJapan's oil is shipped from the MiddleEast through the Strait. Some 2,000 shipsuse the Strait daily.

-Ft, . s,i,.i,-, t..- I-. L:.-. iT

45 aboard both ships died and about13,000 tons of oil spilled into the sea.Both Malaysia and Indonesia initially

pushed for a toll to be levied on ships us-ing the Strait, with the money to be usedto fund surveillance and pollution control.However, strong opposition from shipowners, the Japanese government andother Strait users prompted recon-sideration."The legality of imposing levies is

doubtful because there is confusion overwhich law of the sea applies' Valenciasays. But regardless of the international le-gal arguments for and against free use ofthe Strait, the issue is fundamentally pout-.c

LIUL Uc1 UCCII Inc JIC UI Ica]. Japan I one UI.LvlaIaysId

S UI,CSL

some 10 accidents in the last twoyears,

investors andprovides

considerable aid

with the latestmishap

inJanuary

1993grants

andloans(approximately

US$12

promptingcalls for action from the million or 1.35 billion in

yenloans in

coastal states ofMalaysia

and Indonesia," 1992). Thepotentialloss or reduction of

says Valencia, a specialist in marine policyand international relations.

In the January accident, the Dutch su-pertanker Maersk Navigator collided withthe Japanese tanker Sanko Honour at thenorthern entrance to the Strait, spilling 8million gallons of oil and threateningsome of Malaysia's prime tourist beaches.

this largesse probably constitutes sufficientleverage to prevent Malaysia from impos-ing a levy.

But at the same time, Japan and otherusers are beginning to realize that some-thing must be done to head off drastic ac-tion that could hamper their use of theStrait, says Valencia.

Just months earlier, the U.S. Navy des-"Routine illegal discharges can andtroyer Ingersoll collided with a Singapore should be controlled, but accidental spills /merchant ship in the Strait in June 1992 are unpredictable and inevitable in thisIn July, two supertankers collided. In Au- crowded waterway frequented by substan-gust, an ocean-going Taiwan trawler hit dard ships and crew:' he says. "More spillsthe Singapore-based Royal Pacific cruise could result in a demand by the tourist in-

-- --------------------

ship, sinking the liner and killing nine. dustry and affected fisherman for everIn September, the Liberian-registered, more stringent conditions on use of the Diverting larger tankers through the. In- tion and it would cost hundreds of mil-Canadian-owned tanker Nagasaki collided strait. In Malaysia, serious environmental donesian archipelago is one possible solu- lions of dollars a year in extra fuel andwith the Panamanian-registered container damage from a spill could easily become a tion. "But this would set a dangerous time:' Valencia says.vessel Ocean Blessing. All but two of the major domestic political issue."

--

precedent by reducing freedom of naviga- continued on page 4

)

Page 2 MAY-JUNE 1993

EWC Views

NeWS of the East-West Center

Prem Says MonarchyKey to Thai Stability

GeneralPrem Tinsulanonda, prime

minister of Thailand from 1980 to1988, said the Thai monarchy continuesto be the key to survival and stability inhis nation.

Prc ; 'insuL:

Speaking at the Center in April on "TheRole of the Monarchy in Thailand," Prem,now privy councillor to King BhumibolAdulyadej, noted the events of May 1992when more than 10,000 students, acade-micians and others in Bangkok protestedthe 60-year domination of the Thai mili-tary, and called for the resignation of theprime minister. Twenty-five people died asresult of those demonstrations andanother 431 were injured.

During that time, said Prem, the Kingwas the "voice of reason" that pulled thenation together. "It took no less than theprestige of His Majesty the King to pullus out from the abyss. He spoke and thepeople listened."Prem said the Thai monarchy dates

back to the thirteenth century, whiledemocracy in Thailand dates back only 60years. King Bhumibol Adulyadej has beenthe reigning monarch for the last 47 years.On those occasions when Thai

democracy has been threatened or on theverge of collapse, Prem said "the Thaipeople have been fortunate in having theinstitution of the monarch as the constitu-tional last resort, or more precisely, therallying point for national salvation."

New Population FellowsFill Research Niches

YeanjuLee, Tim Miller and Yoshio

Okunishi, three research fellows whowill soon join the Center's Program onPopulation, will fill important researchniches, according to POP Director AndyMason.

Lee, a specialist in aging, labor marketsand family issues, will lead Center re-search on aging. Her work is centered onEast Asia, where countries such as Japanand China have the most rapidly agingpopulations in the world and where theimplications and costs to a society are sig-nificant, Mason said.A native of Korea, Lee has been a post-

doctoral fellow since 1990 at the Univer-sity of Chicago's Population ResearchCenter. She received her Ph.D. in sociologyfrom the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Miller will give the Center addedstrength in the field of health. Scheduledto receive his Ph.D. in demography fromthe University of California-Berkeley inJune (he also has master's degree in eco-nomics from U.C. Berkeley), Miller's fieldsof interests include health demography.

"As Asian countries become wealthierand their populations get older, a greatershare of national resources must be devot-ed to health care;' said Mason. "This is anatural area of interest for our programbecause it focuses on issues of quality, notjust quantity. It's an area in which wehave done work for some time but that wewanted to strengthen."

Miller, whose other primary researcharea is natural resource economics, willalso conduct research on population andthe environment.

Okunishi is finishing his doctoral workin labor economics at Cornell University.Born and raised in Japan, he is a graduateof the University of Tokyo. Before goingon for his Ph.D., he spent 10 years inJapan's Ministry of Labor, where he was asenior labor economist."A long-standing interest of our program

has been how demographic change effectsthe economies of Asia;' said Mason. "Ofparticular importance are labor force is-sues, especially in East Asia, where theworking age population is growing slowly

or not at all and severe labor shortageshave implications for the entire region."Mason said Okunishi is particularly

valuable to the Center because he bringswith him "a great deal of experience andknowledge about Japan and Japanese in-stitutions."

Alumni Dance Master Honored

Carl Wolz, who for the past decade hasbeen the dean of dance at the Hong

Kong Academy for Performing Arts, flewto Honolulu recently to receive an East-West Center Association 1992 Distin-guished Alumni Award.

Caii OlZ

Wolz, who was a Center degree studentpursuing an M.A. in Asian Studies from1962-65, has had a distinguished careeras a teacher, researcher, author, performer,choreographer and administrator. He wasselected for career accomplishments in thefield of dance and for his outstanding con-tributions to promoting better relationsbetween East and West.While working as a professor and then

director of dance at the University ofHawaii between 1965 and 1978, Wolz in-itiated a joint conference of the AmericanDance Guild and Congress of Research inDance. He also organized the first Interna-tional Festival of Dance Academics; found-ed the Sino-Dance Association, and helpedbegin the Asia-Pacific Dance Alliance,which brings together regional performersand scholars.

Nominations are currently being soughtfor the 1993 East-West Center Distin-guished Alumni Awards. The three criteriafor nominations are 1) significant contri-butions to the promotion of better East-West relations and understanding, 2) sig-nificant achievement in a career field, and3) continuing support for the goals andobjectives of the East-West Center. Awardwinners receive a certificate and a cashaward of $750.

For nomination forms or more informa-tion, contact Gale Awaya, EWC AlumniOffice, 1777 East-West Road, Honolulu,HI 96848; Fax: (808) 944-7670.

Journalists-in-Residence Named

ToddCarrel, former ABC News bureau

chief in Beijing, and Richard Hornik,Southeast Asia bureau chief of Timemagazine, will be the Center's journalists-in-residence for a year, starting October 1.

In addition, David Kaplan, news editorof the Center for Investigative Reporting,San Francisco, will be visiting fellow at theCenter beginning July 1.

Carrel plans to research and write aseries of reports on the emergence of aGreater China that includes the People'sRepublic of China, Taiwan, Hong Kong,Singapore and other overseas Chinesecommunities. Carrel earned master'sdegrees in East Asian studies and journal-ism at the University of California atBerkeley.Hornik plans to write a book on the

strengths and limitations of Confucianismin modern Asia. In addition to serving asTime's Beijing bureau chief, he has been anational economic correspondent, energycorrespondent, Boston bureau chief and acorrespondent in Eastern Europe. He iscoauthor of a 1989 book, Massacre inBeijing.

Kaplan, who has been the senioreditorial manager at the Center for Inves-tigative Reporting, has written or editedfive books, including Yakuza: The Explo-sive Account ofJapan's Criminal Under-world. He plans to do further research onthe yakuza, which he says has moved intonew endeavors and has become increasing-ly sophisticated and multinational.

Putollcations of East-West Center Research

Publications issued by the East-WestCenter itself and other publishers are amajor means by which the Center dis-seminates information and ideas developedwithin its programs. Some recent publica-tions are noted below.

Ecotourism Business in the Pacific:Promoting a Sustainable Experience,edited by John E. Hay. EnvironmentalScience Programme, University of Auck-land, New Zealand, and the East-WestCenter Association, Honolulu, Hawaii.258 pp. Order from E WC DistributionOffice, 1777 East-West Road, Honolulu,HI 96848. Or call (808) 944-7145. Sur-face mail $17.00. US. Domestic air mail$19.00. Foreign air mail $37.00.Proceedings from a conference on

ecotourism, held in October 1992 inAuckland, New Zealand. This publicationconsiders whether sustainable environmen-tal management, sustainable tourist de-velopment and sustainable commercialperformance are mutually compatible andachievable-and if so, how?

The Challenges of Vietnam's Recon-struction, edited by Neil L. Jamieson,lVguyen Manh Hung, and A. Terry Ram-ho. A joint publication of the IndochinaInstitute, George Mason University, Fair-fax, Virginia, and the East-West Center'sIndochina Initiative, Honolulu, Hawaii.126 pp. $10.00. Orderfrom The Indochi-na Institute, George Mason University,Fairfax, VA 22030-4444.A comprehensive exploration of the

problems and prospects for developmentin Vietnam. Based on papers from a con-ference held at George Mason Universityin May of 1992, this report examines theinterconnections among politics, econom-ics, population, resources, environmentand other factors that are shaping Viet-nam's future.

Ocean Yearbook 10, edited by MannBorgese, Norton Ginsburg and Joseph R.Morgan. The University of Chicago Press,Chicago, Illinois. 545 pp. $64.95. Orderfrom the University of Chicago Press,Journals Division, E0. Box 37005, Chi-cago, IL 60637.

This special anniversary edition includesarticles on The Law of the Sea and theUnited Nations Conference on Environ-ment and Development; Islands and theDelimitation of Ocean Space in the SouthChina Sea; The Resilience of ShrimpResources; The Oceans, Algae and theGreehouse Effect; The Impact of Changesin Europe on the Mediterranean; the Roleof the Navies in the 1990s and Beyond;and The Arctic: Arena for InternationalEnvironmental Security?

Handbook for Mangrove AreaManagement, edited by Lawrence S.Hamilton and Samuel C. Snedaker (1984).Translated by Zheng Yishui and TangDaiwu. Ocean Publishing Society, Beijing.129 pp. 7 yuan. Order from China Inter-national Book Trading Corp., P.O. Box399, Beijing, China.A Chinese translation of the Handbook

for Mangrove Area Management. Origi-nally published in English in 1984, thishandbook is the mostly widely knownpublication on mangroves in the world.The translation is accompanied by veryfine sketches that replace the original pho-tographs.

EWCA

I?WCA REGIONAL CONFERENCE

East-West Center Alumni F_to Gather in OkinawaIn

Okinawa they have a saying: IchaithaChodee. It means, "We may only meet

once, but we will be friends forever."It is in this spirit of friendship that the

East-West Center Association's Okinawa

Chapter is hosting a regional conference,

November 5-7, at the Pacific HotelOkinawa in Naha, Okinawa, Japan.

Entitled "Regional Development in the

21st Century: Think Globally, Act Locally'the conference is open to all EWC alumniand other interested persons."Having just celebrated the 20th an-

niversary of the reversion of Okinawa to

Japan, it is a fitting time for our EWCA

members to meet in Okinawa-the"Hawaii" of the Orient:' says conference

president Kiyoshi Yamazato, a professor of

the College of Science at the University of

the Ryukyus.The program will feature concurrent

sessions on health and welfare, educationand training, economics and politics,natural resources and environmental pro-tection. A field-study of Okinawa will also

be offered in which participants will learn

about Okinawa's history and its recoveryfrom the Pacific War.

That war brought brought devastationand destruction to Okinawa. After the

Japanese surrender in 1945, Okinawa was

separated from Japan and placed underAmerican occupation. The region did notrevert back to Japan until 1972.

After the war, the Okinawan people had

to start from scratch to reconstruct their

homeland. They encountered many hard-

ships and difficulties. They had to struggle

against food shortages, various endemic

and epidemic diseases, inadequate medicalfacilities and trained staff, and natural dis-asters caused by frequent typhoons.

Yet, no matter how difficult their condi-

tions might have been, the Okinawan peo-ple overcame these hardships and attained

prosperity and social stability. Today, they

enjoy the longest life span in the world."The theme for the Okinawa regional

conference is to review and share Okina-

wa's past experiences with the participantsand find some clues for regional develop-ment in the 21st century:' says Yamazato.

"We hope to exchange free hearted viewson regional development and the improve-ment of international relations while

renewing our friendship and fraternitywith the Okinawa spirit."

Ichaliba Chodee: "We may meet onlyonce, but we will he friends forever."

Event:EWCA Regional ConferenceTheme: Regional Development in the

21st Century: "Think Globally, Act

Locally"Where: Pacific lintel OkinawaNaha, Okinawa, Japan

Dates: Nov. 5-7, 1993

SCIH[EDIJLE OF EVENT'S

b"ciday, -ovc',hc, 5, i3

8:30 a.m. Registration10:00 a. in. Opening Ceremony11:00 am. Keynote Address: by Dr. I iiroshi Kakazu, Professor It the Japan

International University2:00 noon Luncheon Speech:

"History of Okinawa"

[:30 p,n Plenary Session:"Okiuawan Experiences and Achievements for Community

Developni cot"Health and WelfareEcouomics arid Politics,

31 :00 p.m. Coffee Break

,l:30 pni Education and 'flamingNatural Resources end Environmental Protection

Sets they, November 6, 1993

9:0011.50 a.m. Concurrent Sessions"The Present State and Future for Regional Development in the

Asia-Pacific Region"Session A: Health and WelfareSession B: Education and ftainingSession C: Lcouonncs and PolitiesSession U: Natural Resources arid Environmental Protection

Session 12 English Education in the Asia-Pacific RegionSession 1: 1 [ow to Promote Better Relations Between the United

States and Asia-Pacific Nations

7:00 noon Luncheon Speech:"I [awe ii's involvement in Post -War Jevel' it of Okinawa'

by Hon. Akira Sakima, Former Sta 2 .' 's,ative of Hawaii

l:30-4:00 p.m. Concurrent Sessions (continued)

4:30 m. Closing Ceremony6:00 p.m. Dinner

Sunday, November 7, 1993

'Ado am. Field Study Tour (optional)Shun Castle and other histotical sires

I ' liii:

'I±IEWCA REGIONAL CONFERENCE IN OKINAWA

November 5-7, 1993

CONFERENCE REGISTRATION FORM

(Please T'pe or Print)

Family N

Mailing Address:

City/StatePhone No.

Conference Name BadgeAffiliation:

REGISTRATION

Regular- if paid before September 1, 1993 Yen 18,000- if paid after August 31, 1993 Yen 20,000

Daily Registration- Yen 7,000 per day

BUFFET LUNCHES

(included in registration fee; cost for additional tickets = Yen 1,200)

Tickets: ______ additional for Fridayadditional for Saturday

SOCIAL PROGRAM

I/We (number ) will attend the Saturday Dinner

(included in full registration; additional tickets Yen 7,500)

TOTAL PAYMENT

All fees must be paid in Japanese Yen by your credit card or money order

payable to EWCA OKINAWA CHAPTER

Credit CardC VISACard Number:

Expiration Date:

Signature:Date: (Month) (Day) __ 1993

Refunds will be made as follows: Cancellation request received by (1) September30, 1993, full refund of registraton fee, (2) After October 1, 1993, no refunds.

RETURN TO: EWCA Okinawa Chapterc/o Dr. Seizo Sakihara

School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus

207 IJehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-01 Japan

First Name Initial

CountryFax No.

Name:

pi,1? P

Please Note: As of May 11, 1993, 111.1 = US$1.00 Or:

18,000 yen = US$162.02 U.S.

C Master Card (- appropriate box)

Page A2 MAY-JUNE 1993 EWC Views

5 BIINIORS

ctI) ga JuliaF 'wC I Okinawa hapni

(S (arawi,er,I sc-'9iesr CritterI '4 t Center Associationlit Is ukyn Slotipo Pee,,

'ngOrga isiti(11 In feetut,d Inset I iii 0

City of 'bilaold'

Bankers AssociationOld rim Mingenitni Oig,00 '0(100

01 ass! Cooperative Bii;int I xeiutlv,s

Assot iat On

Okinass a lro'rnatioual Foiindtiioii

01Km ass a Sonlxi of ('olnineri C & ndusi yA

f'niy, ri

ss,ih Okinawa illtitnoiAssne ,)it

sSi]ia Jt not Chamber CounweiceBank of the K sal I oonifat ionAitterieaii (o nI

Japan list SPest I ci 5,50lit

GAR lo,k iulbrit,iir1i S nt'

Iii innOl,iitass a net''' I ioit,tl CenterOki'i iv, t (orti ruin BurettiOhio nsi yOkinawa ,aJ 15 threshI Jrtisx I 5 if r1 itt :tyu kynOkni,wa 1 hr i junior CollcgcOkitisss a Women's junior Lout

ORGANIZING COP 11411 P1'

Advisors:nit (ha, Governor of (lidPci i

lIoil. Knit Oyadoinai Mayor of K' a Ira Ii

Conference Aesdenti:Dr. l,_if oslo Morar itoPt tilt ssor of rite 'ol let e of 5tii i

University of rite Rytti0ii

(1 i,,in 1sHioi t

to he tutor CollegeUrn,of the Ryutkyt.t

Co'ChaiDr. Seiro S kiharaProfessor of tile Si itool of I truth in ieni c'

IJotsersuiy of the R1 okys

Menthens:I usako Baba, Professor of Asia Univt'r'silyLW( A Boaud Meinbet

( hialiuitou-n lhsiiuan Chair of the lustWin(rut cc Association

I liroaki I ukoclut, Vice ('h,atrunan, the ()kituawaIntet national Iotuticl,tt inn

Yoshhh irtu I leslitid, President, ()kjoawa Inuerriatioual University

Mikio I luga, President, C \PIOAI uihti 'itAlumni Association

Ki'jjuhu I uuainnie, Chairman of iii 01

Miriigeuneni Ot n ii\4euki Kinju President 01 ion Bee, Ii viirnoaki lInda, Presider it, University ,,, i aOkii ,,s,,i Alui,,,ii Association

IKenu Kiuilrkeii Chairman of rh 1 )lno,ssaBanker Assoctrtriitt

I Iirouui,istu \'iiyagi, S'S e Cliainuiuan, t )tonassaDevclopnient finance ('orpoialion

Sack iSo Is ii kasam, Sope ire' idru 1)1. in asviPrefer rural 5(100)1 of is i mg

Yuashi kazu i'Jrukr a eta, I rive,, I )ki n irs aCoopi u is, Bud orri' 's Aasou iatuor

Sei7O Osinro, Deputy lv or of i' alii (StyF,rokuu Oshiuo, Secretary tenet il of tile Mina

vu a Convention Burt anIchiro 0yarloin 1 '1 President of the Ryit k1 u

Shtnpo PressVicki 'ihuarnhiul'h Presidentof' the Id Wi

Center A-,~oc.iationKeititstt Sunagiw.t, Ohret ot

ofike Prefu', iiiDepartment of Health and F ns i roumein

'iOi( Iii St,siulo, Chairman of the I'lalit unionChamber of Coninicice

Tensci iriha, Chairman of the Okinawa Chanther of Commerce nand I tOn sti y Association

(hoko 'ISik i5tiila, Director, 1 'ii u:rtrisi ()ffrc ohthe

Governor of' Ilk iniwaFri tuio Ierutya, Secretary (;i'ner't, EW( A

Regional Conference in Okinjwa

Iueere,a y Gene-atfit nun k, ii y. Board Memberher of the "

Dl iua'aa Charier

Assi~anq Secretarynnutkt i ls'i Inhira , Wet ci,' ry of the F '4 ,AOkinawa Chapter

Satalo Kohagtu i 'it'tstttet of the I WI AOkinawa Chapter

Fame S/u atstinkrt, Board j\ len, liii of the FWt''AOkinawa Chapter

Welcome to OkinawaThings You Need to Know

lhntry into JapanYou must possess a valid passport andvisa for entry into Japan. The visa mustbe obtained from the Japanese Embassyor Consulate in your home country. Pleaseprocess the visa application a few monthsin advance of your departure. For U.S.citizens, a visa is not required for a stayunder three months in duration.

Conference Site/Ground TransportationThe conference will be held in the PacificHotel Okinawa, which is about 4 kmnorth of the Naha Airport. You can take ataxi from the airport; the fare is about800 yen, and the trip will take about 10minutes.

Climate

Okinawa Prefecture is located in the sub-tropical zone with the annual average tem-perature of 22 degrees Celsius. InNovember, the average temperature is 21.4degrees C. The warm climate of Okinawaattracts many visitors from overseas.

Hotels and LodgingLoisir Hotel is a new A-class hotel, con-veniently located near Pacific Hotel Okina-Wa. It is a five-minute walls from theLoisir to the Pacific Hotel Okinawa. SingleRoom: 17,000 yen. Twin Room: 11,000yen.

Pacific Hotel Okinawa, the conferencesite, is a B-class hotel with fairly good ac-commodations. For your convenience, werecommend you stay at this hotel. SingleRoom: 11,000 yen. Twin Room: 8,000yen.

Hotel New Okinawa, an economy hotel,is located at Kokusai Street (InternationalStreet), the most convenient place forshopping and eating. From the Hotel NewOkinawa to the Pacific Hotel Okinawa, itis about 3 km. Taxi fare is about 550 yen.Single Room: 6,500 yen. Twin Room:5,500 yen.Please note that the rates are per person,per night, and include service charge, taxand breakfast. If you want to share a twinroom, please fill in the name of yourroommate on the reservation form.

KYUSHU

o0cc

--OKINAWA

Naha"

Reservation Form Information

Return reservation form no later than Sep-tember 20, 1993 to:

EWCA Okinawa Chapterc/o Dr. Seizo SakiharaSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of the Ryukyus207 Uehara, Nishihara,Okinawa 903-01 Japan

FAX: (81-98) 895-2841

In the event of change or cancellation,please mail or facsimile changes to:Okinawa Tourist Service Co. Ltd.2-21-13 Macjima, Naha, Okinawa 900Japan

Phone: (81-98) 864-1271FAX: (81-98) 862-3977

o f I ' I W'f S 'using Oct foodsUply, I ten i ovn nun tent, n,, It i "tire,life span and qttali (if IiU

Lcoutontics ,tmtd Politics, iocusiog niloadc itnd ct'OtlOttttu' issues and rheie its,p,tct Oil eCOnOmic growth ant1 Poll iicalstibtli in the cegiolm.° CdiICatiOn atid I rat 11 ruth, IOCUSi rig ottcointotmetily dt'vclopmriint efforts foecrcaring intcrnatioulal citizrns withcross-cut itt al 1< nowledge.

Natttr,tl Ii,t)SOUl'Ce'ii PHd Envii'oismcnlolfree I ion, focusing out economic and

er liii y d wclopn tilt,a ' 5 5 Fducrn tout focusing on teaching I nglish in tb Asia-Pacific regionand ulitural t nnfliu r,,

I hY'N It)toietotc l men nd ttions lj'-tssCCn tlit I nip I

:, t d Asja'PaciticKit (lotus.

'5,/K' If J .5015 PAPLPS

All i 'pIt' intcreSfCd in tnakialion in the con eugtttnt

'it'd abosr lie iAt ,tO SubtiXieflhiflt 100 vs

It' ii! Sillyitucluele nt ill

ci,' 'uii,ot'( 5, sd-'I u1'5

I tificd bydeceIt anccott't Ab

iooJd icII io tht' following

5 tao SakihiriIill 5 snips

siu ltih.ua,5'b ( ipan

595-2341

EWCA REGIONAL CONFERENCE IN OKINAWA(November 5-7, 1993)

HOTEL & TOUR RESERVATION FORM(Please Type or Print)

Family NameTitle or Official PositionAddress

First Name

Telephone

Tour Information

Optional tours are available on Nov. 7th(Sunday) at your own expense. The APackage, or half-day tour, covers thesouthern part of Okinawa including thenewly opened Shun Castle. The cost is5,000 yen. The B Package, or full-daytour, covers the northen part of Okinawaincluding the Okinawa Ocean ExpositionMemorial Park. The cost is 6,000 yen.The fare includes all admission tickets

and lunch. Each tour may be canceled if aminimum number of 15 persons are notsecured. For further information regardingshort trips around town and sightseeing toother islands, please contact the tour deskat the Pacific Hotel.

Hotel and Tour ReservationsAll participants who want to reserve hotelaccommodations and tours are kindly re-quested to fill in the attached reservationform and return to the EWCA OkinawaChapter no later than Sept. 20, 1993.

Payment of Hotel and Tour Fees

Hotel and tour fees should be paid to thetourist agency at the hotel lobby at thetime of cheek-in. Payment by credit card(DC, Visa, American Express) is accepted.

ARRIVAL/DEPARTURE INFORMATION

Fax

Arrival Date _____________ Flight No. Arrival Time -Departure Date Flight No. Departure Time

HOTEL RESERVATIONS

Name of Hotel:

U Single U Twin

Check inIf you are sharing a room,name of roommate

Check out

Family Name

First Name

OPTIONAL TOUR RESERVATIONS (November 7, 1993)

U Package A U Package B

5PIeaSe return Reservation Form, no later than September 20, 1993, to:EWCA Okinawa Chaptere/o Dr. Seizo Sakihara, School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-01 JapanFax No. : 81-98-895-2841

'In case there is any change or cancellation, please mail or facsimile to:Okmnawa Tourist Service Co. Ltd.2-21-13 Macjima, Naha, Okinawa 900 JapanTelephone: 81-98-864-1271Fax No.: 81-98-862-3977

EWC Views MAY-JUNE 1993 Page 3

Briefs Research & Education

Population Outlook ! Fesharaki, is that China will offer Middle- son of the George Mason University In-! ! East countries such as Iran, Iraq and San- dochina Institute argues that the country's

SeveralAsian countries have lowered di Arabia weapons and nuclear technology development prospects, while promising,

their birthrates substantially, yet their I to secure future energy supplies. are a lot more problematic than what ispopulation continues to rise, seemingly Fesharaki said trading weapons for fuel depicted in the media. For example:out of control. would be in defiance of international arms " With 71 million inhabitants, Vietnam

"The cause is a phenomenon known as control arrangements and increase tension is the 13th most populous country in thepopulation momentum:' according to

I between China and the West. world-and it is adding 1 million newAndrew Mason, director of the EWC's China currently produces 2.8 million citizens every year. The social and environ-Program on Population. "The dispropor- ! barrels of oil a day and is the world's mental implications of such rapid popula-tionate number of young people is the cul- sixth largest producer. But its need for tion growth are profound and threatenprit behind this phenomenon. When there energy has increased as its economy has efforts to improve standards of living.are so many women of childbearing age, expanded: GDP growth in China has aver- " Despite a literacy rate of almost 90even if women bear an average of only aged 8.7 percent for the past decade. As a percent, Vietnam may be hard pressed totwo children each, population totals result, Fesharaki said he expected China's maintain its impressive educational systemmount rapidly?' oil imports to exceed its exports by early in the face of a severe shortage of fundsOn the positive side, says Mason, the " 1994. China would need between 600,000 and a growing population, 50 percent of

speed with which fertility has declined in JopulateO / growth aLue/raies when there and 1 million barrels of oil a day from the which is under 20. Teacher salaries aresome East and Southeast Asian countries are too many women of childbearing age. Middle East by the year 2000, he said. extremely low, and poor employmentis unprecedented. "Women in Japan, South Charles Johnson, who heads coal prospects upon graduation may undermineKorea, Singapore, Thailand, Sri Lanka tIe on developing safe and effective research at the Center, said tension be- the accessibility of education and the highand China now average about two births methods of contraception. Improved tech- tween China and the West may increase literacy rate.apiece;' he says. "At this level of childbear- nology would reduce unwanted pregnancy further because large-scale burning of coal " Vietnam has a considerable pool ofing, population growth will eventually and reliance on abortion, in China is offsetting attempts by the untapped natural resources, but measuredcease. But the key word is eventually. In Politics and Religion. Efforts to deal United States and the European Commu- against its population, these resources areChina, for example, short-range projec- with population problems in Asia con- nity to reduce global warming. not a sufficient basis for rapid nationaltions are for a population increase of 150 stantly run afoul of politics and religion. Coal accounts for about 75 percent of development. Oil is the major unexploitedmillion by the year 2000 and 500 million In the Philippines, for example, the China's commercial energy use, mainly for mineral resource, with reserves estimatedby 2030?' Catholic church derailed population pro- power generation. According to Johnson, at 1.7 billion barrels. If wisely exploited

Meanwhile, other less successful Asian grams during the Aquino administration, China is annually dumping more poison- oil could provide a valuable boost to othernations face even more rapid population and due to political concerns U.S. funds ous sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides development sectors, reducing the need ingrowth. "The typical woman in Pakistan cannot be spent on population in Viet- into the atmosphere from its use of coal the next decade to spend scarce foreignbears six or seven children;' Mason says. nam, Pakistan and China, that is being taken out under stringent exchange on imported oil. But internal de-"Women in India, Malaysia, the Philip- Concern for Human Rights. China has environmental laws imposed on 24 indus- mand for petroleum is predicted to expandpines and Vietnam are still averaging made enormous progress in reducing its trialized countries that belong to the rapidly, making Vietnam a net importer ofabout four births each?' population growth rate and improving liv- Organization for Economic Cooperation oil no later than 2010.Mason says nations seeking to achieve ing standards for its people. But at times, and Development. " Vietnam's infrastructure is inadequate

zero population growth (no more than two individual freedoms, including reproduc- For more information contact Fereidun for a modern economy. There are overchildren per couple) face a number of tive freedom, have been sacrificed. Decid- Fesharaki or Charles Johnson, Program on 200,000 miles of roads, of which only 3major obstacles. Among them: ing where individual rights, including the Resources, at (808) 944-7527 or (808) percent are paved, and about 2,000 milesEconomic Necessity. For many of the right to reproductive freedom, end and the 944-7550, respectively, of railroad track. The transportation net-

world's poor, children are an economic needs of society begin is an issue that will work is especially lacking in the north.necessity. They help at home, work in continue to trouble policymakers in Asia's Many rural communities are not accessiblefields and provide security for elderly par- rapidly growing countries.

.Vietnam Reconstruction by road at all. In addition, civil air trans-

ents. Population policies that compel cou- For more information, contact Andrew portation is poorly developed. Given thepies to have fewer children than they feel Mason, Program on Population, at (808) ietnam is currently portrayed in the great distances between north and south,are needed are often doomed to failure. 944-7455. media as a country whose vast natur- this is a real obstacle to achieving true

Ignorance. International assistance pro- al and human resources will hasten its functional integration of the country.grams have educated millions of men and transformation from one of the world's " The centralization of decision-makingwomen about family planning. Thirty Weapons for Fuel poorest countries into a relatively wealthy power in Hanoi has resulted in theyears ago, most women did not have the newly industrialized country. All that is proliferation of a bureaucracy that hurtsmeans, the will or the knowledge required hina's rapid economic expansion is in- needed now, it is said, is for the United both Vietnamese and foreign entrepreneur-to choose when and how many children to creasing its appetite for oil and may States to lift its embargo so that foreign ship. Dealing with this system is time-bear. Progress is being made, but wide- soon turn the country from a leading aid and investment can flow freely into consuming and expensive and ?i ? thespread ignorance about modern contracep- Asian exporter of oil into a major im- Vietnam. major costs of doing business in Vietnam.tion methods remains, porter dependent on supplies from the How accurate is this picture? For a copy of Asia-Pacific Issues, No. 5,

Technology. The United States and Middle East. A new EWC Asia-Pacific Issues paper "The Challenges of Vietnam's Reconstruc-other industrialized countries spend vast The likely result, according to East-West by Center researcher A. Terry Rambo and tion," contact EWC Distribution Office atsums on medical research, but far too lit- Center senior energy analyst Fereidun Nguyen Manh Hung and Neil L. Jamie- (808) 944-7145.

Page 4 MAY-JUNE 1993

EWC Views

Malacca, continued from page 1

A realistic solution appears to be acompromise in which Japan would set upthree quick-response bases to clean up oilspills in exchange for Malaysia droppingits proposals for a levy, Valencia said.Japan would also pay part of the $200million cost for a radar surveillance systemto help enforce regulations against sub-standard ships and implement a plan fortraffic separation that would extend muchof the length of the Strait.

"Both the users and the coastal stateshope these measures will reduce the num-ber of accidents and mitigate this poten-tially contentious political issue;' Valenciasays. "But future accidents are inevitableand these steps may not be enough. Withgrowing world environmental conscious-ness, nations may sooner or later considerit their right-indeed, their responsibility-to protect their living marine resourcesand the health of their people fromforeign-generated pollution. An atmo-sphere of acrimony coupled with legaluncertainty could result in creepingsovereignty, imposing ever more onerousregulations on passage through criticalstraits and sea-lanes"

0S. China Sea

For more information, contact Mark]Valencia, Program on International Eco-nomics and Politics, at (808) 944-7247.

Support Contracts, Grants & Gifts

Gifts and grants awarded to the East-West Center from March 3 through May 4, 1993 included:" $15,000 from the United Nations Population Fund for the "Programme of Collaboration andPopulation and Economic Development" Principal Investigator: Sitiveni Halapua." $22,300 from the U.S. Geological Survey to support participation of U.S. scientists in the Inter-national Hydrological Program (IHP) of UNESCO. Principal Investigator: James E. Nickum." $20,000 from the United Nations University for the East Asia-Pacific Mountains Symposium.Principal Investigator: Lawrence Hamilton." $6,300 from UNESCO to "Organize Symposium on the Hydrological Aspects of Tropical Mon-tane Cloud Forests: International State-of-Knowledge." Principal Investigator: Lawrence Hamilton.

" $42,000 from the U.S. Department of Agriculture for "Tropical Montane Cloud Forests." Prin-cipal Investigator: Lawrence Hamilton." $16,100 from the Mainland Affairs Council (Taipei, Taiwan) for "A Study of Cultural Values inMainland China?' Principal Investigator: Godwin Chu.

From March 31 through May 1, 1993, 15 individuals and organizations contributed a total of$5,600 to the East-West Center Foundation's Annual Membership Campaign. Since the campaignbegan, a total of $68,000 has been received.

Events conferences, Speakers, Performances

Listings reflect events scheduled as of May and represent only a portion of programmed Centeractivities. Since events are subject to change, please consult the East-West Center contact person fordetails.

Workshops and ConferencesTropical Montane Cloud Forests: International State-of-Knowledge Symposium and Workshop.May 31-June 5. San Juan, Puerto Rico. Scientists and managers will discuss the importance oftropical montane cloud forests, attempt a state-of-knowledge synthesis, assess threats to these valu-able ecosystems and propose an international protection program. Sponsors: USDA Forest ServiceInstitute for Tropical Forestry, EWC, the World Conservation Union (IUCN), and the UNESCOInternational Hydrological Programme. EWC contact: Lawrence Hamilton, ENV, (808) 944-7253.

International Symposium on Impact of Videotex Technology in Asia/Pacific and the U.S. June1-3. Singapore. International researchers will conclude a study began in 1988 on the social andeconomic impact of videotex in Singapore, Taiwan and other countries that have adopted thiscommunication technology. Sponsors: EWC, Telecommunication Authority of Singapore and theNational University of Singapore. EWC contact: Godwin Chu, CUL, (808) 944-7326.

Twenty-Fourth Summer Seminar on Population. June 1-July 6. EWC/Japan. Professionals inpopulation-related fields share their knowledge of population and its relation to social and eco-nomic change. Workshops offered include: Health Care Financing, Geographic Analysis of Demo-graphic Change, Secondary Analysis of Demographic and Health Survey Data, and AnalyticalTools for Family Planning. Sponsors: EWC, Agency for International Development, William FloraHewlett Foundation, Research Triangle Institute/Futures Group International, Nihon UniversityPopulation Research Institute. EWC contact: Minja Kim Choe, POP, (808) 944-7475.

Summer Institute on Chinese Culture and Civilization. June 6-July 10. EWC. Participants willstudy Chinese philosophy, religion, history and artistic traditions as well as such contemporaryissues as gender construction, attitudes toward the environment, economic development, humanrights and political conflict resolution. Presentations will highlight the vital role of cultural under-standing in explaining the shifting concerns of contemporary China. Sponsors: EWC, UH, Na-tional Endowment for the Humanities. EWC contact: Elizabeth Buck, ET, (808) 944-7315.

Jefferson Fellowships Conference. June 9. EWC. An all-day conference on critical issues in theAsia-Pacific region with EWC scholars and 13 journalists who will report on their travels to Asiaand the US. Mainland as Jefferson Fellows. Sponsor: EWC. EWC contact: John Schidlovsky,COM, (808) 944-7340.

Seminar on The Politics of Culture & Identity: Pacific Islands Perspectives. June 13-Aug. 7. EWCAforum for college teachers to develop research projects and courses for US. colleges that focuson the politics of culture and traditions in the Pacific Islands. Sponsors: EWC, National Endow-ment for the Humanities. EWC contact: Geoffrey White, CUL, (808) 944-7343.

5th Conference on World Spirituality: New Directions. June 20-26. EWC. International scholarswill meet to pursue topics on spirituality, the enlightenment mentality and secular humanism.Sponsor: EWC. EWC contact: Steven Friesen, CUL, (808) 944-7608.

Workshop on Women's Status in China. June 20-July 17. EWC. The workshop will focus on theanalysis of women's status and fertility, the regional variation of familial power structure and themeasurement of women's status in China. Sponsors: EWC, United Nations Fund for PopulationActivities. EWC contact: Karen Mason, POP, (808) 944-7466.

Project Meeting on the Development and Industrialization of Liaoning, Guangdong and YunanProvinces. June 21-26. Liaoning, China. A meeting to establish the framework and parameters ofa research project on the development and industrialization of three Chinese provinces. Sponsors:Asian Development Bank, Development Research Centre (DRC) of the State Council, People'sRepublic of China, EWC. EWC contact: Shelley Mark, IEP, (808) 944-7520.

Workshop on Spatial Information for Social Forestry. June 24-26. Chiang Mai, Thailand. The

workshop will focus on spatial aspects of social forestry systems as a means of predicting howvarious government policies will impact land use. Sponsors: Chiang Mai University, Ford Founda-tion, EWC. EWC contact: Jefferson Fox, ENV, (808) 944-7248.

Working Group on the Analysis of China's 1990 Census. June 28-Aug. 7. EWC. A collaborativeeffort to undertake detailed analysis of fertility trends and patterns using the 1990 census data.Sponsors: EWC, State Statistics Bureau of China, Beijing Institute for Information and Control.EWC contact: Griffith Feeney, POP (808) 944-7456.

Exhibits, Performances, FilmsSelections from the EWC's Permanent Collection. John A. Burns Hall, weekdays 8:30 a.m.-5:30p.m. June 21-July 30. The East-West Center has a growing collection of fine arts and crafts fromthe countries of the Asia-Pacific region. This summer exhibition will feature a number of excellentpieces that have been given to the Center in the past three years. Sponsor: EWC. EWC contact:Jeannette 'Benji' Bennington, OPP, (808) 944-7341.

Jon Jang: Asian-American Jazz. 1mm Center-Jefferson Hall, 4:00 p.m., July 31. Performance-demonstration features Jon Jang, one of America's leading young jazz composers. His work com-bines musical elements from many sources with a keen sense of social justice. Free admission.Sponsors: EWC, UH Summer Session. EWC contact: William Feltz, OPP, (808) 944-7612.

ASDP-Asian Studies Development Program; COM-Program on Communications and Journal-ism; CTAPS-Consortium for Teaching Asia and the Pacific in the Schools; CUL-Program onCultural Studies; ENV-Program on the Environment; IEP-Program on International Economicsand Politics; OPP-Office of Public Programs; PIDP-Pacific Islands Development Program;POP-Program on Poulation; PREM-Program on Resources: Energy and Minerals.