Evolution to Ecology Chapters 19 - 20. Problems of the 21 st Century Increasing population – 6.9...
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Transcript of Evolution to Ecology Chapters 19 - 20. Problems of the 21 st Century Increasing population – 6.9...
![Page 1: Evolution to Ecology Chapters 19 - 20. Problems of the 21 st Century Increasing population – 6.9 billion –Struggle for resources – food, water, space,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b71b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Evolution to Ecology
Chapters 19 - 20
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Problems of the 21st Century
• Increasing population – 6.9 billion– Struggle for resources – food, water, space, air
• 6th mass extinction event – 5th was 65 MYA – dino extinction– 20% of all species lost in past 2000 years
Ozone layer degraded by CFC’s– Damaging UV rays
• Greenhouse effect & Global Warming– CO2, methane, water vapor (all results of
cellular respiration)
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We are all connected
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Ecology
• Study of interactions & interdependence of life
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What is life?
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Life evolved from a common ancestor
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Continental drift gave
us different habitats
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Regional differences (habitat) reflect adaptations for survival
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Adaptations for survival gave us different niches
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Niche - Role an organism plays in the environment
generalist
specialist
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Ecosystem (habitat location)
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Ecosystem is made of…
• Biotic factors
Resources
• Abiotic factors
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Resource “tolerance” to changes in ecosystem
• Tolerant (“fight”) – Acclimation– Become “used to” a range of conditions within
tolerance levels• Conformer – changes internal conditions to suit the
environment– Ex: ectothermic lizards
• Regulator – uses NRG to keep internal conditions stable (homeostasis)
– Ex: bees and their jobs
• Intolerant (“flight”) – Migration or Dormancy
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Population
• Grouping of species living in the same place, at the same time, able to interbreed successfully.
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“r” strategists vs. “k” strategists
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Populations are described by…
• Size
• Density
• dispersion
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Dispersion types
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Survival of a population
• Based on Darwin’s theory of evolution and available resources– O
– S
– V
– NS
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Recipe for survival• Requires resources (biotic, abiotic)
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Population Graphs Darwin’s Model of overproduction
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Carrying Capacity
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Limiting Factor