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Evolution of Terror US History II August 27, 2009.
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Transcript of Evolution of Terror US History II August 27, 2009.
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Evolution of TerrorUS History II
August 27, 2009
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Why?
• Why did terrorists attack us?
• Who is at fault?
• What do we do about it?
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Al Qaeda and Osama bin Laden
• Reasons for terrorism against US:– US military presence in Middle
East– US support of Israel– Hatred of Western Culture– At war with American “infidels”
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US Support of Israel
• Support of Israel– Model of democracy and Western values in M.E.
– Trouble balancing this with need of oil from Arab countries
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US Military in Middle East
• After Persian Gulf War (1991), US left troops in Saudi Arabia
• Arabs/Muslims: “Get
off our land!”
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Hatred of US Culture
• Muslims wish to keep their culture, non-corrupted by US culture
• Example: US women= can vote, are equal with men, and have rights
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Infidels
• “Enemies” of Islam
• Quran teaches that
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Modern Terror (Post-WWII)
• Terrorism used for political/religious reasons
• Terrorists around world see impact
• Munich Olympics, 1972: Palestinian terrorists kill 11 Israelis
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Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979
• Iranian students seize 52 Americans in Tehran, Iran
• Weak countries learn they can hurt powerful countries by supporting terrorism
• US creates list of countries that support terrorism
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1st World Trade Center Bombing
• 1993: Bomb explodes in van in parking garage of WTC
• 6 people die
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U.S. Response to 9/11
• Department of Homeland Security• Created by President Bush to monitor possible terrorists, threats to US security
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Homeland Security, contd.
• Protect transportation, communications, water and power supplies
• Visitors and Immigration: Keep track of 500,000,000 visitors every year
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Profiling
• Searching people based on race, gender, etc.
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Border Control
• Guard thousands of miles of border
• Over 350 ports of entry
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Guantanamo Bay
• US base in Cuba; terrorist suspects detained there
• Suspected abuse/mistreatment to get information
• Water
boarding
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Recruitment and Training
• Secret sleeper cells around the globe
• Training camps in Afghanistan
• Religiously Motivated Terrorism– What the US is worried about– Radical Muslims believe that terrorism is OK to please Allah.
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Patriot Act
• Passed in October 2001 by Congress
• Gives US Government power to tap methods of communication to gain info
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Patriot Act Controversy
• Some claim it’s illegal/unconstitutional
• Unauthorized “search and seizure”
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Target: Afghanistan
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Taliban
• Sunni Islamic group
• Controlled Afghanistan government 1996-2001
• Sharia law, mistreatment of citizens
• Supportive of radical Muslims
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Life Under the Taliban
• Strict rules for women
• Goal: Preserve Islam, restore modesty for women
• Must wear burqa
• 80% arranged, forced marriages
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Women
• No education past age 7
• No co-ed schools
• Banned from working except medical field
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9/11
• Al-Qaeda terrorists responsible
• US intelligence: AQ hiding in Afghanistan/Pakistan
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US Demands to Taliban
• Deliver Al-Qaeda leaders to US
• Protect American journalists in Afghanistan
• Give US full access to terrorist camps
• Hand over Osama bin Laden
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War in Afghanistan
• Afghanistan attacked by US
• Operation Enduring Freedom, 2001
• Mission: Destroy terrorist
camps, Osama bin Laden
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Operation Enduring Freedom
• Removed Taliban from power
• Destroyed many terrorist camps
• Killed 1,500 Al-Qaeda members
• Immediate success
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Taliban Comeback?
• US focused on Iraq, left Afghanistan alone
• Taliban had been hiding in Pakistan
• Recently: More killings, increased violence
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Positive War Effects
• Crime reduced
• Schools, hospitals built
• Women being educated
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Al-Qaeda
Who Are These People?
And Why Do They Want to Kill You?
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Definition
• “The Base”
• Made up of radical Islamic groups
• Anti-West, Christian, Jew, some Muslims
• 18,000 members in 60 nations
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AQ QuickFax®
• Formed 1988 by Osama bin Laden
• 1996-2001: Lived in Afghanistan thanks to Taliban
• Goals: Bring back sharia law
• Establish caliphate
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Jihad – Holy War
• AQ believes in jihad against infidels (enemies of Islam)
• Remove West from Middle East
• Re-establish caliphate: Muslim leadership
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Attacks
• 1993: First WTC bombing
• Bomb in van in parking garage underneath twin towers
• 6 killed
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1998: US Embassy Bombed
• East Africa embassy bombed by AQ
• 300 killed
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2000: USS Cole
• Bombed; 17 killed
• Successful attack inspires AQ
• Plots to attack US land
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Osama’s Demands to US
• Get out of Israel and quit supporting them
• Get out of Middle East
• Let Muslims establish Islamic
empire again
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