Dr. Ali Kashif BashirOsaka University, Japanali-b@ist.osaka-u.ac.jp

2016.04.30

Evolution of Internet

Acknowledgement

Some of the slides are taken from KDDI, CISCO, Alcatel-lucent, and PlumGrid’s materials available

on Internet.

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Introduction

Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G are interrelated terminologies.Cloud Computing and Data centers are interdependent technologies.Applications of IoT and Cloud Computing produce Big data that is stored at Data centers.Data Centers will act as a backbone for Cloud Services and IoT Applications.

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Evolution of the Internet: An Overview of 5G

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Internet Evolution

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Mobile Data Traffic Forecast

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Forecast of Traffic

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Growing IoT/M2M Market

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Combining Human and Machine Data

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Non-uniformity of traffic distribution will be expanding

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Operator’s mission and requirements for NW in 5G

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M2M/IoT Issues

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Internet of Things

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Applications

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Everything is going to be connected with IoT

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Smart City

Safety, financial, and environmental benefits

CONNECTED TRAFFIC SIGNALS Reduced congestion Improved emergency services response times Lower fuel usage

PARKING AND LIGHTING Increased efficiency Power and cost savings New revenue opportunities

CITY SERVICES Efficient service delivery Increased revenues Enhanced environmental monitoring capabilities

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IoT Technologies

RFID Wifi IEEE 802.11 Barcode e QR code Zigbee IEEE 802.15.4 Sensors and smartphone

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Cloud Computing

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Cloud’s Application Today

Check your email Collaborate Online

- With google docs. Store files in the cloud

- With dropbox Make notes

- With Evernote, your notes will be up-to-date.

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Trends in Cloud Computing

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Type of Clouds

Mobile Personal Private Public Hybrid

Cloud Provider - A service provider that offers customer storage or software

services via a private cloud or public network.

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Layers

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Enabling IoT for Clouds

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From developer’s point of view (i.e. cloud users) Cloud providers offer an Internet-based platform to developers who want

to create services but don't want to build their own cloud

Platforms & Compute

FrameworksDB Msg DNSServices Platform

Pol

icy,

Con

trol

Platform-as-a-Service

From end user’s point of view Apps are located in the cloud S/W Apps or Web Services run on the provider’s infrastructure.

SaaS App Services

ISV Web Srvcs

Services

Users &Business

Processes

Business Applications(CRM, ERP, UC)

Software-as-a-Service

Delivers connectivity to global virtualized service resources as a plug-in and go experience with SLAs(Service Level Agreement)

Operates at Internet scale, with Ethernet flexibility and optical performance

Network

Communications

Cloud Backbone

InformationTechnology

Virtualzn Mobility QoSInfrastructure-as-a-Service

IaaS delivers standardized virtualized computing environments Power, scale, hardware, networking, storage, distributed systems, etc Cloud users rent storage, computation, and maintenance from cloud providers

(pay-as-you-go; like utility)

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Cloud is powered by massive infrastructure called Data Centers

Industry Leaders

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Data Centers

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Image of a data center

One Server has•CPUs•DRAM•Disks

One server rack has•40-80 servers•Switches

One data center has•many server racks•core switches

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How much data is there?

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What is a Giga Bit?

In data communications, a gigabit is one billion bits, or 1,000,000,000 bits in seconds.

- For example, Gigabit Ethernet is a high-speed form of Ethernet (a local area network technology) that can provide data transfer rates of about 1 gigabit per second.

The capability of today's fiber optic signaling equipment has convinced the researchers that gigabit networks are technologically feasible.

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Motivation for Giga Bit Networks

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Requirements for data center network

Scalability- Data center network should accommodate more than hundreds of

thousands of servers to construct a large data center. Performance

- Data center network should provide sufficiently low latency and large bandwidth between servers for the application in the data center

Robustness to the failures- Failures are common in a large data center, because a large data is

constructed of a large amount of devices.- Data center should provide the service even when failures occur.

Low power consumption- Network consume a non-negligible fraction of total energy

consumption of a data center.- Technologies to reduce the energy consumption of servers have been

proposed. - The energy consumption of the network should also be reduced.

Low costs

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Packet Switching vs Circuit Switching (1/2)

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Packet Switching vs Circuit Switching (2/2)

Packet Switching Circuit SwitchingBandwidth Allocation No Yes

Potentially wasted bandwidth

No Yes

Store-and-forward transmission

Yes No

Call Set up Optional Required

Congestion Every packet Set up time

Resource reservation Difficult Easy

QoS Difficult Easy

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Optical Switches

Advantages of optical switches- Low energy consumption ：

• Optical switches consumes much smaller energy than electronic switches

- Large bandwidth / Small latency ：• Optical switches provides large bandwidth and small latency

between their ports. Structures

- Type1: Network using optical circuit switches- Type2: Network using optical packet switches

Issues- Using circuit switches

• It takes time to configure the circuit difficulty in handling traffic changes

- Using packet switches• Efficient optical packet switches are not commercially released

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Network Virtualization, NFV, NSC, NFs/VNFs

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Future Internet Model

Infrastructure Providers

Service Provider

Virtual Network ProviderAssembles VNs from InP

Resources 

Virtual Network OperatorInstalls and operates VNs

Service ProviderOffers services through VNs

Infrastructure Providers

Service Provider

Current Internet Model

Future Internet Model

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Network Virtualization (1/3)

Cloud Applications

IoT

Flexible, Adaptable, and Scalable Infra. of the Future Internet

Network virtualization is a solution to enhance the performance of DCNs.

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Network Virtualization (2/3)

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Network Virtualization (3/3)

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) Infra

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Network Service Chains (NSCs)

NSC is a service deployment concept that exploits the features of NFV and SDN.

With an NSC, network operators can configure network services (functions) dynamically without making any changes to the hardware.

It consists of a set of NFs, packet processing order, and forwarding path (VNFs that need to visited).

Firewall DPI GW Filter

Pool of NFs hosted at servers or VMs

S1

S7

S2

S4

S5

S6

S9

S8

Service Chain 1: S1, S2, S4, S6 Service Chain 2: S1, S2, S5, S6, S8Service Chain 3: S1, S2, S5, S7, S9

VNFVNF

VNFVNF

Operation Functions

Packet Inspections

IPfix, firewall, IPS, DDos, etc.

Traffic Optimization

TCP optimization, traffic shaping, DPI, IPTV, etc.

Protocol Proxies

Carrier-grade NAT, DNS cache, TCP proxy, HTTP proxy, session broader controller, etc.

Value Added Services

Ad insertion, head enrichment, WAN acceleration, URL filtering, parental control, advanced advertising, etc.

Network Optimization

Router, VPN, CDN (Content delivery network), gateway, etc.  

QoS Load-balancers, schedulers, etc.

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THANKS

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