Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman...
-
Upload
mervin-booth -
Category
Documents
-
view
233 -
download
1
Transcript of Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman...
![Page 1: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7
• Byzantine Empire – Byzantium• Ottoman Empire – Constantinople• Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal Ataturk)• Split of Roman Empire between east and west• Split of Catholic Church - Byzantine/Orthodox
Church• Charlemagne - King of Franks• Feudal Europe • Brandenburg (Berlin), Ostmark (Vienna)
Hapsburg Empire: Germans, Slavs, Hungarians (German was dominant language)
![Page 2: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
in 1911
![Page 9: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Revolutions and rise of Nationalism• Nationality = identity with a group of people who share a common
allegiance to a particular country• Nation-state• Examples
– Denmark– Nation-states in Europe
• Nationalism = loyalty and devotion to a nationality• Imperialism
– French Empire - Napoleon Bonaparte– British Empire– German Empires:
• 1st Reich - Holy Roman Empire• 2nd Reich - German Empire 1871• 3rd Reich - Nazi German Empire - Adolph Hitler
– Unification of Italy - 1860s• Unification & breakup
– Prussia, East Prussia – Kaliningrad– Yugoslav Federation – Josep Tito– U.S.S.R. - breakup and former Soviet republics– Czechoslovakia
![Page 10: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Nation-states in Europe
Figure 7-15
![Page 11: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Why Have Ethnicities Been Transformed into Nationalities?
• Multinational states– Multiethnic state
• A state with multiple ethnic groups, all of whom might contribute to a larger national identity
– Example: the United States
– Multinational state• A state with multiple ethnic groups who retain their own
distinctive national identity– Example: the United Kingdom– Example: Russia (the largest multinational state)
• Revival of ethnic identity
![Page 12: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Former U.S.S.R.
![Page 13: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Ethnicities in Russia
Figure 7-18
![Page 14: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• Adygea• Dagestan• Chechnya• North Ossetia• Ingushetia• Karachay-Cherkessia• Kabardino-Balkaria• Kalmykia• Mari-El• Mordvinia• Chuvashia• Tatarstan• Udmurtia• Bashkortostan • Komi • Karelia
Autonomous Russian Republics
![Page 16: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The European Union
![Page 17: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
EU Enlargement
![Page 18: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The EUROEuropean Central Bank Eurozone
![Page 19: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Schengen Area
![Page 20: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
NATO in Europe
![Page 21: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Other European Organizations
• European Coal and Steel Community– Now part of EU
• EFTA
• CIS
![Page 22: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Devolution and Regionalism in Europe
![Page 23: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Regionalism and Devolutionary movements – Nations without states
• France: Corsica (Corse), Brittany (Breton), Alsace (German), Occitanian - Provence (Langue d'Oc)
• Spain: Basque Country (Euskera), Catalonia (Catalan), Galicia (Gallego), Andalucia
• Belgium: Flanders (Flemish), Walloonia (Walloon French)• United Kingdom: Scotland (Scots Gaelic), Wales (Welsh), Northern Ireland
(Catholic Ulster Irish)• Italy: Mezzogiorno – Sicily, Sardinia; South Tiroleans• Czech Republic: Bohemia, Moravia• Slovakia: Magyar, Ruthenia• Croatia: Orthodox Serbs - Krajina Republic• Bosnia-Herzegovina: Serbian Republic, Catholic Croats, Muslim Bosnians
Kosovo (Albanians)• Romania: Magyars – Transylvania• Greece: Macedonians, Albanians• Moldova: Russians – Trans Dniester• Ukraine: Crimea (Russians), west Catholic, east Orthodox
![Page 24: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Autonomous and de-facto Republics in the former Soviet States (the CIS)
• Ukraine– Crimea
• Moldova– Transnistria (Trans-Dniester)
![Page 26: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Languages in Southeastern Europe
![Page 27: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Ethnic Cleansing and Balkanization
• Ethnic cleansing in Yugoslavia– Bosnia-Herzegovina – Croatia– Kosovo
![Page 28: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
The Balkans in 1914
The northern part of the Balkans was part of Austria-Hungary in 1914, while much of the south was part of the Ottoman Empire. The country of Yugoslavia was created after World War I.
![Page 29: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Ethnic Regions in former Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia’s six republics until 1992 included much ethnic diversity. Brutal ethnic cleansing occurred in Bosnia, Croatia, and Kosovo during the civil wars of the 1990s.
![Page 30: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Bosnia-Herzegovina: Internal Republics
•Republic of Srpska
•Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
![Page 32: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Transnistria (Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic)
![Page 33: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Republic of Kosovo
![Page 34: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Cyprus Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
![Page 35: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Autonomous Regions in SpainGalicia
BasqueCountry
Catalonia
Valencia
![Page 36: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Language Divisions in Belgium
![Page 38: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Other Devolutionary Regions• Wales/Cymru• Brittany/Bretagne• Corse/Corsica• Crimea• South Ossetia• Abkhazia• Chechnya• Dagestan• Ingushetia• North Ossetia
![Page 40: Evolution of Europe’s Political Geography – Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire – Byzantium Ottoman Empire – Constantinople Republic of Turkey - Istanbul (Kemal.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9e1a28abf838c940d0/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Urban Geography “Towns and Cities” – Chapters 8-9
• Greek and Roman cities• Medieval cities• Renaissance cities• Industrial cities• Modern cities• Post Modern/Post Industrial cities• Soviet cities• Post-soviet cities• European cities versus American cities