Evolution JeopardyEvolution by

Natural Selection

Microevolution Macroevolution Taxonomy Hardy-Weinberg

100 100 100 100 100

200 200 200 200 200

300 300 300 300 300

400 400 400 400 400

500 500 500 500 500

This summarizes Darwin’s theory of natural selection

What is traits that aid in survival and reproduction become common because only individuals with these traits can survive and reproduce

One part of Darwin’s work On the Origin of Species was that species change over time and become new species. He called the idea this.

What is descent with modification?

Darwin argued for the plausibility of evolution by natural selection by citing dog breeding, an example of this

What is artificial selection

These are 3 ways Lamarck’s mechanism of evolution differed from Darwin’s.

1. Lamarck- characteristics are acquired during lifetime

2. Lamarck- features that are used grow bigger, those that don’t disappear

3. Lamarck- species changed due to inner need4. Darwin- only some individuals survive5. Darwin- differences inherited at birth (fit very

well with genetics)

Explain 5 sources of evidence for evolution1. Fossil record shows expected order of species and

transitional species2. DNA analysis shows similar genes in related

species3. Protein analysis shows similar proteins in related

species4. Biogeography- species related to those near them5. Comparing embryology- related animals develop

similarly, even when they look very different as adults

6. Comparing anatomies – homologous structures7. Vestigial structures- show ancestry

This best defines microevolution

What is changes in the gene pool of a population?

This defines genetic drift

What is the random changes in the gene pool of a small population

This best explains why males appear drasticallydifferent than females in many species

What is females select traits in males? Only males with the traits can reproduce so traits become more common in males (sexual selection)

The graph above represents this pattern of microevolution

What is stabilizing selection?

These are the 5 causes of microevolution

1. Natural selection2. Sexual selection3. Mutations4. Gene flow (migration)5. Genetic drift (random chance)

This best defines macroevolution

What are the formation of new species or other taxonomic groups? (big changes)

This must occur for populations to be considered different species

What is an inability for them to successfully reproduce with each other? (note that they may still mate- just can’t produce fertile offspring!)

This type of evolution leads to analogous characters (define analogous characters in your answer)

Convergent evolution. Leads to similar looking traits in distantly related species, that were not present in a shared ancestor (i.e. bird and bat wing)

A predator species evolves better eyesight as individuals with better eyesight are able to better hunt prey. This causes the prey population to become faster as only the fastest runners are quick enough to avoid the predator. The story above is an example of this

What is co-evolution (evolution of one species affects another)

These are 5 ways different species can be prevented from mating with each other

What are:1.Timing of reproduction2.Location of reproduction3.Reproduction behavior (mating dances, songs etc.)4.Reproductive anatomies5.Sperm/egg compatibility6.Fertility of offspring (i.e. mules)

This domain includes prokaryotes with no peptidoglycan and some genetics similar to eukaryotes. Many of them are extremophiles living in extremely hot, salty or acidic conditions

What is Domain Archaea?

The animal kingdom has these defining features

No cell wallMulticellularNervous and muscle tissue

All members of a phylum must all belong to the same of these

What are Kingdom and Domain.

Use the table below, which shows number of nucleotide differences in a common gene, to construct a phylogenetic tree

Sea Star Butterfly Jellyfish Iguana Sponge

Sea star x 9 18 5 24

Butterfly 9 x 15 11 22

Jellyfish 18 15 x 20 15

Iguana 5 11 20 x 26

Sponge 24 22 15 26 x

Sp J B Se I

This is the full taxonomy of humans

Eukarya Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primate Hominidae Homo Sapiens

D K P C O F G S

This represents the frequency of the dominant phenotype in the H-W formulas

What is p^2 + 2pq

40% of the alleles in a population are dominant, what % of the population expresses the recessive phenotype?

What is 36%?P=0.4, q=0.6, q^2=0.36

If 49% of a population expresses the recessivephenotype, this % of the population must be homozygous dominant

What is 9%?q^2=0.49, q=0.7, p=0.3, p^2=0.09

If 38 individuals in a population of 200 express the dominant trait, how many individuals would be expected to be heterozygous?

What is 36?P^2+2pq=38/200 = 0.19q^2=1-0.19=0.81, q=0.9, p=0.12*p*q=2*0.9*0.1=0.180.18*200=36To double check – p^2=0.01, * 200 = 2 individuals are homozygous dominant

These are the 5 requirements for a population to be in H-W equilibrium

1. Large (no genetic drift)2. Isolated (no gene flow)3. Equal survival (No natural selection)4. Random mating (No sexual

selection)5. No mutations