Evolution
description
Transcript of Evolution
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Evolution
Ch 14
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How did it begin?
• Big bang theory: Stars were formed from Hydrogen Atoms (At.#1). As they go through nuclear reactions other elements are made. At the same time the universe expands. We are all made of star dust.
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When did life begin on Earth?
• 4.5 billion years ago. Earth was a lifeless, hot, volcanic place. As it cooled the conditions were correct for life to begin.
Read and Scroll
ThroughIt all!
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How do we know how old the earth is?
• Radiometric Dating. Radioactive isotopes lose particles. The amount of neutrons lost over a period of time = the age of the item.
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What was the first theories of how life began?
• The thought that living things could arise from nonliving things this was called Spontaneous Generation.
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What is the current theory of how life emerged?
• Biogenesis: Life comes from life
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Francesco Redi’s Experiment
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Lazzaro Spallanzani
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Louis Pasteur
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Louis Lerman’s Bubble Model• Ammonia(NH3) and Methane(CH4) are
produced by underwater volcanoes. As the gas escapes, it is trapped in bubbles creating Amino Acids.
• Bubbles burst on surface and A.A. are further energized by lightning and radiation.
• Organic molecules become increasingly complex.
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The Miller Urey Experiment
1920’s A.I. Oparin’s “primordial soup” model
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What about the plasma membrane?
• Amino Acids tend to create ball like structures called microspheres. These may have been the early plasma membranes that led to cells. Other substances do this as well.
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The development of life forms• Prokaryotes- oldest life form. 3.5
billion year old fossils. Archae -> Eubacteria. Eukaryotes 1.5 billion years ago with Kingdom Protista. Unicellular -> Multi cellular 700 million years ago.
• Animals developed• Plants and Fungi Developed
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Lab Review
Time-scale of life.The Geologic, Time and Biologic Events
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Cyanobacteria at work(prokaryote that modern chlorphyll evolved from)
• Cyanobacteria is responsible for half the worlds oxygen. This also lead to the protective ozone layer O3 which blocks out harmful ultraviolet radiation.
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What happened to all of these ancient life forms?
• Five Mass Extinctions. In the third mass extinction 245 million years ago 96% of all species of animals became extinct.
• Is another mass extinction occurring now?
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Environmental changes increase Natural Selection
• Natural selection: those best fit for an environment survive and reproduce. (Example: Shark Vs. Dodo bird)
Jacanas And
Polyandry
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Who developed the theory of Natural Selection?
Charles Darwin 1859 published On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection after a 5 year boat ride around the southern hemisphere on the HMS Beagle.
Galapagos Islands were inspirational because of the unique animals there. Fig 15-4
Peacocks
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Evidence for Evolution• Fossils Fig. 15-1• Nucleic Acid (99% same DNA; humans and chimps)• Body structures
– Vestigial (non-used body parts)– Homologous structures (all species that came from
the same ancestor have these parts) Fig. 13-13• Embryonic Development Fig 13-14
Whale evolutionDNA
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How does Evolution Really Work?
• Wooly Worm Lab: After Video
Humming Bird Evolution
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Micro Vs. Macroevolution• Microevolution when small gene changes
occur. These create small changes in a population or species over time. – The species is the same, but the allele
frequencies may have changed. • Macroevolution is evolution on a grand scale.
This evolution is extreme and changes species. – The splitting of one species into two.
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Human Evolution
For Extra Credit outline Ch 17!An opportunity of a life time!!!
Did Humans EvolveLaetoli Foot Prints
&Finding Lucy
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Computer Lab
PolenpeepersEvolution
Draw a map of the Polenpeepers homeland and islands. Explain what happened to each group of Polenpeepers. Be sure to include a time frame.
How do scientists know so much about the Polenpeepers?
What did this lab illustrate? How?