DEPERTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 1/23/20141. 2 Continuous Beam TOPIC 1/23/20143.
Evolution. 11/06/20143 Copy this into your jotter The Theory of Evolution is the idea that the...
-
Upload
elvin-chauncey -
Category
Documents
-
view
212 -
download
0
Transcript of Evolution. 11/06/20143 Copy this into your jotter The Theory of Evolution is the idea that the...
10/04/23 3
Copy this into your jotter
The Theory of Evolution is the idea that the universe and all life (animal and human) have developed gradually over millions of years.
The Theory of Evolution
Is widely accepted as the best explanation for the origin and development of human life.
10/04/23 4
10/04/23 Free Template from www.brainybetty.com 5
Charles Darwin
• In the 1830s he went on a scientific expedition to Australasia
10/04/23 Free Template from www.brainybetty.com 6
What did he see?
• Many species that were not found in Europe• Lots of fossils
In the Galapagos Islands:• 13 different types of finch.
Why would God create so many different species to suit each island?
It’s more likely that each species
gradually changed over a great period of time to suit it’s
surroundings!
‘Survival of the Fittest’
10/04/23 9
Darwin decided that…
•In each generation of a species there’s always variation. •The most valuable qualities are the ones that help animals survive.•These animals are more likely to survive and breed.•Their qualities will be passed on to their offspring.•The animals without these qualities will eventually die out.
10/04/23 Free Template from www.brainybetty.com 10
Published in 1859, Darwin’s book caused public outcry
from the church.
10/04/23 Free Template from www.brainybetty.com 11
“Natural selection is a process in which species of plants
and animals change to suit their
environment...”
Evolution?Evolution?
The Theory of Evolution
10/04/23 Free Template from www.brainybetty.com 14
The Theory of Evolution
• DNA: You receive a set of genes from each parent.• These make up your DNA.• These 2 sets form 1 set of individual DNA.
15
When something goes wrong with the transfer of DNA...
• ‘Genetic Mutation’ occurs.
• This can often result in a handicap or other disadvantage.
But...
It can also result in an advantage!
• The advantage will be passed on to future generations.
10/04/23 16
Which one did you see first?Which one did you see first?
Natural SelectionNatural SelectionAnother theory is Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection.
This states that over millions of years plants and animals were not necessarily created in the form we see them today.
They have evolved and continue to do so. Only the species which are the fittest and best suited to the changing planet will survive.
10/04/23 Free Template from www.brainybetty.com 24
EvidenceEvidence
• Fossils
• Homologies
• Transitional Forms
• Drug resistant bacteria
Homologous Body StructuresHomologous Body Structures
• Refers to any similarity between characteristics of organisms that is due to their shared ancestry.
• Remember the whale fin?– Similar to bird wing, monkey
and frog foot!
Transitional FormsTransitional Forms
• Fossils or organisms that show the intermediate states between an ancestral form and that of its descendants
are referred to as transitional forms. • A skull of the grey whale that roams the seas today (below right)
has its nostrils placed at the top of its skull. It would appear from these two specimens that the position of the nostril has changed over time and thus we would expect transitional forms between the two
Drug Resistant BacteriaDrug Resistant Bacteria
• This is when bacteria in the body evolve to have the ability to withstand the effects of drugs, particularly antibiotics
Similar embryosSimilar embryos
• Many species share similar embryonic development.
10/04/23 Free Template from www.brainybetty.com 30
Similar DNA Similar DNA in different in different speciesspecies
10/04/23 32
Evolution and GodEvolution and GodQ. Is it possible to believe in evolution and a
creator God? Give reasons for your answer.
• In Darwin’s time, Christians refused to accept his theory
• They believed it to be an attack on the creation story in Genesis
• Many believers in God might argue that God has to use evolution to create intelligent life
• Some may even argue that even though the Bible may have the spiritual message of God there may be mistakes when talking about the physical explanations e.g. the universe being created in 6 days.
Arguments Arguments againstagainst Evolution Evolution
• In your jotter write down what you think might be arguments against evolution.
• You may get a book if you need help!
Missing Link:Missing Link:
• What is the missing link?
• Go through to the ICT room and look it up.
Arguments Arguments againstagainst evolution evolution
• Not mentioned in Bible• All species were set by God• Humans are special- we did not evolve from
something else.• God made Adam and Eve in their final form not
gradually• Missing Link theory• Timescale doesn’t match- 6000 years vs 14 billion• Difficult to understand• Not enough proof- only a ‘theory’ (could be proven
wrong in the future)• We weren’t there!• Explains the ‘how’ but not the ‘why’
10/04/23 Free Template from www.brainybetty.com 38
• Evolution does show how organisms have adapted but it hasn’t proved that one species changes into another
• There are gaps in the fossil record
Arguments Arguments againstagainst Genesis Genesis
• In your jotter write down what you think might be arguments against Genesis.
• You may get a book if you need help!
Arguments Arguments againstagainst Genesis Genesis• Evolution has taken billions of years, not 6
days• Women weren’t made from men's ribs• More evidence in Evolution theory than Bible• Evolution is a logical explanation based on
evidence not faith• Homologies (similar characteristics in
different species)• Transitional forms (intermediate stages of
evolution between species)• Drug resistant bacteria• Fossils
10/04/23 Free Template from www.brainybetty.com 41
How can evolution and God co-How can evolution and God co-exist?exist?
How God and Evolution can co-How God and Evolution can co-existexist
• Intelligent designer- could be the way God chose to create the world (Teleological Argument)
• The conditions for life are so precise that there must have been a purpose behind it
• The creation story isn’t meant to be a scientific account
• Science may explain HOW the world evolved
• The creation story tells WHY
• Timescale not a problem- it might be a mistranslation
• Evolution order matches Biblical order- starts off with simplicity
• When the Bible was written people didn’t have the scientific grasp we have today. Genesis story is the only way to explain things.
• Evolution could be an ongoing form of creation- we could still be in the 6th day.
Arthur Peacocke
• Evolution is purposeful
Describe the theory of evolution 6 KU
Describe the theory of evolution 6 KU
• Presented by Charles Darwin.• He went to the Galapagos Islands and
discovered that all the different types of finches on different islands.
• Life began with simple single-celled creatures.• By chance they mutated and developed into
more complex life forms.• Species develop and adapt to their
environment.• Those more suited to survival pass on their
genes to their offspring (Natural Selection and Survival of the Fittest).
Q. ‘The theory of evolution proves that God does not exist.’
How convincing do you find this statement?
Give reasons for your answers. 6 AE
AgreeAgree
• If evolution happened by chance God is not needed.
• It means Genesis is not true, so maybe the rest of Christianity is made up?
• If Nature selected those species who survived, again God is not needed.
• Survival of the fittest means that a lot of suffering happens. Surely a loving God wouldn’t allow this?
DisagreeDisagree
• Evolution is just a theory, scientists need to make guesses to make it work.
• Maybe God used evolution to create the world- Intelligent designer
• Context- maybe the Bible doesn’t mention evolution as they didn’t have the scientific grasp to write about it
• Evolution order still matches Biblical order- simplistic then gets more and more complicated
• We could still be evolving