Evolución Historica Oi

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    ednitions and history

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    EFINITIONS

    Both words

    jn

    rhe

    ride of

    chis book have been a souece

    of

    puzzlement

    foc

    rhe

    swdent

    of

    inrernacional relatiol,s,

    Ir is worrb examining them more

    closely

    before

    rurnjng

    ro the realires they represenr

    when

    joined rogerher.'-The cecm

    mernacional,

    thoughr

    ro be che crearion

    of Jeremy e n t h a ~

    is ofren seen as

    a misnomer. lnsread, ir is

    claimed,

    rhe rerm 'ntersrace' or

    i n c e r g o v e r n ~

    mental' should be used

    when describjng

    an acrivjry - war, diplomacy,

    re/acions

    of Rny kind

    - cond ucred between rwo sovereign srares

    and their

    governmentRI ,represencarives. Thus calk of an 'incernacional agreemcm'

    berween

    scate A and

    srare B ro

    limr

    arms produccion or ro conccol rhe

    seJJing of compueer cechnology reiers nor ro an

    underscandiug

    berween che

    armamenr

    m ~ u f c t u e e r s

    of

    1\

    and

    B

    or

    ro a pacr berween

    their computer

    firms, bur

    ro an arrangement

    by

    ~ t { e

    A's

    governmental

    representarjves

    wjth

    rhose

    of

    srace B. .

    This

    scate

    government-orjenced

    vjew

    of

    rhe word

    'iacernacional'

    has

    been

    incteasingly challeoged

    Qver che

    pasr

    four decades, lc is

    00

    longer used

    syoonymously with

    'jntergovernmental' to

    mean 'joterstate'

    oc

    relarions

    berween

    che official represenrarives

    of sovereign

    stares.

    Inscead rhe cerm has

    come 'Co include acrivities between

    jndividuals and

    groups

    in

    one:srare

    and individuals

    and

    groups in

    anocher srare, as well

    as

    i n r e r g o v e r n m ~ n c l

    relRrons.

    The

    [irsr cypes

    of

    re arionshps - rhose noc

    involving actviries berween

    governmenrs only

    - are

    known

    as

    rransna

    donal relarions, Conneccions

    berween one bmoch of

    governmeot

    in

    one

    state

    (say a

    defeoce

    minisrri)

    aod

    a

    branch

    o[ governmenc io anorher

    country

    (ics

    defeoce

    miniscry or irs secrer service, for example),

    which do

    nor

    go

    rhrough rhe

    normal foreign policy-making chaooels,

    are called

    transgovernmenral.

    AlI rhese reiarjonships -

    incergovernmencal,

    cransna

    tional

    and craosgovernmenra

    _ are now

    usually included under

    rhe

    heading 'inrernarional'.

    The dual meaning of

    ics

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