Evironmental Ecolabbeling & EU Ecolabel

The European Ecolabel the case of sustainable tourist

accommodation

Dott. Michele Preziosi PHD Candidate University RomaTre – Business Department

Technology for Sustainable Innovation and Production November 2013

Summary

Environmental labels and declarations - Classification

I – II – III Type

European Ecolabel

Economic and environmental impact of tourism

Ecolabel for tourist accommodation services

Ecolabel in Italian tourist accommodation

Do#. Michele Preziosi 2013 2

Environmental-Labelling��Definition

Environmental labelling provides an indication of the environmental impact—related characteristics of a product *OECD

Dott. Michele Preziosi 2013 3

Environmental-Labelling��Classification

• Positive • Negative • Neutral


Environmental-Labelling��Classification

Env. Labelling Programs

First Party

Product related (e.g. recyclable)

Corporate related (e.g. Promotion of Corporate Env. )

Third Party

Mandatory

Hazard or warnings

(e.g., Pesticides) Info disclosure

Voluntary

Env. Certification Programme

Seal of approval Single attribute

ISO standards

I type II type III type


Environmental-Labelling��Voluntary

overall goal of these labels and declarations is: "...through communication of verifiable and accurate information, that is not misleading, on environmental aspects of products and services, to encourage the demand for and supply of those products and services that cause less stress on the environment, thereby stimulating the potential for market-driven continuous environmental improvement”*


*ISO

Environmental-Labelling��History


• UN Conference 1992, Agenda 21 • UN Conference 2002 • Stakeholders concern for environmental protection • Business opportunity ! growing number of labels !green washing !necessity of third party certification

Voluntary Environmental-Labelling ��Types

Three major environmental labelling types: "

1.  Type I – Ecolabelling 2.  Type II - self-declaration claims 3.  Type III - environmental declarations (e.g.

report cards/information labels)


Type II - Self-declared Environmental Claims

“informative environmental self-declaration claims”* Formalized set of environmental data describing the environmental aspects of a product First party – Neutral/Positive – Voluntary – B2C

Dott. Michele Preziosi 2013 9 *ISO 14021:1999

is a "self-declaration" by the manufacturer about the ecological characteristics of the product itself The liability of this declaration relies entirely on the producer



•  ecological characteristics of the product (claims) •  Information accurate , verifiable , relevant and not misleading

information •  Methods tested and proven on a scientific basis making it possible to

obtain reliable and reproducible results (e.g. LCA) •  Need for the examination of the entire life cycle to verify and attest

that an environmental impact has not been reduced at the expense of another

•  All documentation must be made available (on request) •  B2C


Type II - Self-declared ��Environmental Claims


eg . : The recycled content , recyclability or biodegradability of the product, the absence of substances harmful to the environment ,

non-toxic or natural finishing treatment , etc.


Type III – Environmental Declarations

“voluntary programs that provide quantified environmental data of a product, under pre-set categories of parameters set by a qualified third party and based on life cycle assessment, and verified by that or another qualified third party”*

Third Party – Neutral – Voluntary – B2B

Dott. Michele Preziosi 2013 13 *ISO TR 14025:2006


•  Is a document that allows to communicate objective information, comparable and credible, related to the environmental performance of products and services

•  the information is for communication purposes only, the declaration does not contain any evaluation or minimum environmental performance levels



•  LCA Methodology •  Contains environmental information on a product

according to a predetermined parameters (Is card product on the potential environmental impacts associated with the entire arc of the cycle of life)

•  Applicable to all products classified in groups with defined Product Category Rules (PCR) established in order to make products comparable

•  Subjected to an independent audit •  Verified and validated by an accredited independent

institution: Swedish Environmental Management Council



Objectives: •  Comparison between goods and

services •  Enable competitive mechanisms •  GPP •  Guiding companies’ choices



Composition: •  Description of company and the product or

service covered by the EPD •  Declaration of the environmental performance

of the product or service •  Additional Information •  Information on the certification body




Potential benefits:

•  Reduction of environmental impacts related to the product system ! new business strategies

•  the enhancement of the use of technologies and eco-friendly materials

•  Reduction of management and production costs • More visibility - marketing

Type I – Environmental Labelling

“A voluntary, multiple-criteria based, third party program that awards a license which authorizes the use of environmental labels on products indicating overall environmental preferability of a product within a product category based on life cycle considerations”*

Third Party – Voluntary – Positive – B2C

Dott. Michele Preziosi 2013 19 *ISO 14024:1999


Are established by special organizations, which may be independent or institutional, which set the standard requirements that must be met for each product category (the EU Ecolabel falls into this

category)


Type I – Environmental Labelling Ecolabelling Objectives

1.  Protecting the environment –  efficient management of renewable resources –  efficient use of non-renewable resources –  Waste reduction, reuse and recycling –  Protection of ecosystems and species diversity –  proper management of chemicals in products

2.  Encouraging environmentally sound innovation and leadership –  market incentive to environmentally innovative and progressive businesses –  businesses can establish or reinforce a market niche and positive corporate image among consumers

3.  Building consumer awareness of environmental issues –  heighten consumer awareness –  reliable information –  “Trade-positive" tool (i.e. for promoting export products in foreign markets where consumer awareness

and concern for environmental impacts is established and significant)


Type I – Environmental Labelling Guiding Principles for Ecolabelling

1.  Voluntary participation 2.  Compliance with environmental and other relevant legislation 3.  Level of overall performance, Criteria must distinguish leadership 4.  Based on sound scientific and engineering principles 5.  Criteria must be credible, relevant, attainable, and measurable/verifiable 6.  Independence 7.  Open and accountable process 8.  Flexibility 9.  Consistency with ISO 14020 and ISO 14024 guiding principles (or other

appropriate documents)


Type I – Environmental Labelling Steps


Selection and determination of product categories

Development and adoption of appropriate criteria, standards or guidelines

Certification and licensing

Type I – Environmental Labelling Stakeholder participation


Ecolabelling Ac>vi>es

Governments

Consumers

Program Management Authority

Industry and Commercial Associa>ons

Other Interested Par>es (e.g. media, NGOs, Academies, Interna>onal Community)

UE Ecolabel •  What is the EU Ecolabel (EC Regulation no. 66/2010): is the European Union eco-label that rewards the products and services with the best environmental performances

•  Why it was introduced: –  European strategy for sustainable Production and Consumption (SPC) and

Sustainable Industrial Policy (SIP) –  Consumers demand: increased environmental sensitiveness –  Overcome national borders with an official label applicable throughout the EU

•  Who it is aimed: –  Consumers: the logo make easy recognize product or service both

environmentally friendly and good quality. –  Companies: the label adds value to business and products because it increases

reputation, indicates corporate social responsibility and increases sales.


Regulatory framework evolution


EC Reg. 890/1992 EC Reg. 1980/2000

EC Dec. 187/2003

EC Dec. 338/2005

EC Dec. 578/2009

EC Reg. 66/2010

UE Ecolabel Criteria To obtain the label a product must satisfied some criteria

" 1.  Based on product with the best

environmental performances on market

2.  are determined on scientific basis 3.  consider the entire life cycle of

product: raw materials, operations and disposal

4.  define the environmental requirements that product must have to get label


UE Ecolabel sustainability issues*

UE Ecolabel environmental requirements* *International Trade Center

UE Ecolabel Criteria 1.  Most significant environmental

impacts: –  Impact on Climate Change –  Impact on nature and

biodiversity –  Consumption of energy and

resources –  Production of waste –  Pollution due to physical effects –  Use and release of hazardous

substances 2.  Replacing hazard substances with

safer chemicals

3.  Reduction of environmental impacts due to durability and reusability of products

4.  Net environmental balance between the environmental benefits and burdens, including health and safety

5.  Social and ethical aspects 6.  Criteria established for other

official labels 7.  Where possible, reduction of

animal experiments


UE Ecolabel Categories


6250

2469 2115

2000

1367

724

676

407 372

356 264

754 Hard floor coverings

Indoor plants and varnishes

All purpose cleaners and cleaners for sanitary facili>es Tissue paper

Tex>le products

Copying and graphic paper

Televisions

Soaps and shampoos

Hand dishwashing detergents

Tourist accommoda>on

Laundry detergent

Other

23 Categories of products and services can obtain the label:*

*European Union

-  33% Hard floor coverage;

-  14% indoor paints and varnishes;

-  10% Tissue paper and all-purpose cleaners;

-  2% Tourist accommodation.

UE Ecolabel Diffusion

Dott. Michele Preziosi 2013 31 *European Union

0 0 0 0 6 11 33 39 53

95 128

166 224 249

386

514

754

1015 1064

1357

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

Evolution of issued licenses:*

9067

3839

1616

663

599

322 317 1331

Number of Ue Ecolabel products licenses issued per country 2012:*

Italy

France

UK

Netherlands

Spain

Sweden

Germany

Other

UE Ecolabel Diffusion: Italy


2 9 63 237 491 657 789 1140 1384 2474

3822

10169

8982

12739

17320 18380

1 2 6 12 26 31 58 83 84 174 250 332 245 292 287 324

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 July 2013

Number of licenses and products released *

Products

Licenses

*ISPRA



52% 26%

22%

North South & Islands Center

61 58 49

25 24 24 24 20 10 7 6 5 5 3 2 1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Regional distribution of licenses 2013:*

*ISPRA



181 30

20 15 15 12 12 10 8 4 2 2 1 1

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Tourist Accommoda>on

Tissue Paper

Camping

Soaps and shampoos

All purpose cleaners and cleaners for sanitary facili>es

Hard floor coverings

Indoor plants and varnishes

Hand dishwashing detergents

Texile

Shoes

Laundry detergent

Col>va>on substrate

soil condi>oner

Wood forniture Number of licenses

for product groups 2013:*

*ISPRA


Analysis Of The EU Ecolabel In The Italian

Tourist Sector

Economic role of tourism worldwide

Tourism contribution to global GDP*

Dott. Michele Preziosi 2013

2012 2023 estimation Growth

Direct GDP share

2,9% - 2056,6 billion $

3,1% - 3249,2 billion $ 4,4%

Total GDP share 9,3% - 6630,4 billion $

10% - 10507,1 Billion $ 4,4%

International tourist arrivals by 2030: +3,8%*

*World Travel and Tourism Council **United Nations World Tourism Organization

36

Environmental impact of tourism •  2005 Global share of tourism industry CO2 emission*

" 6% - 26400 CO2 Mt

Dott. Michele Preziosi 2013

Sector CO2 (Mt) Share per element (%) Airplane 515 40 Car 420 32 Other transport 45 3 Accommodation 274 21 Activities 48 4 Total 26,400 100

•  2035 emissions from the sector will increase by 160%* *UNEP – UNWTO – University of Oxford

37

Sustainable Tourism

"Tourism that takes full account of its current and future economic, social and environmental impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the

environment and host communities"


*UNWTO

Sustainability tools for tourism accommodation

•  Codes of Conduct •  Best Environmental Practices •  Environmental Performance Indicators •  Environmental Management Systems •  Eco-labels

" Effective and measurable improvement of

environmental performaces


European Ecolabel for tourism

Large number of voluntary certifications ! confusions and uncertainty on consumers and

structures "

European Ecolabel "

Eliminate confusion with an official Eu tool Spread good environmental practices


Ecolabel in Tourism Accommodation Services •  EC Dec. 187/2003

" Extension to tourism

accommodation services •  EC Dec. 338/2005

" Extension to campsites services

" •  EC Dec. 578/2009


Meet customers’ demand*: •  51% of tourists opt for

environmentally friendly accommodation;

•  82% prefer an intact environment.

*Studienkreis fur Umwelt und Entwicklung e V. on behalf of Umweltbundesamt, 2005

The aim of criteria The criteria aim to set limits on the main environmental impacts from the three phases of the life cycle of tourist accommodation service (purchasing, provision of the service and waste). In particular they aim to: 1.  limit energy consumption 2.  limit water consumption 3.  limit waste production 4.  favor the use of renewable resources and of substances

which are less hazardous to the environment 5.  promote environmental communication and education.


Criteria categories for tourism


To obtain the label the services must meet 29 mandatory criteria and 61 optional criteria

" Seven broad criteria:

Before service phase

Energy -  50 % of the electricity used from renewable energy -  Boiler efficiency > 88% -  Air Conditioning Class A efficiency -  80% Light Bulbs Class A efficiency -  Compliance with national and local buildings codes

Water savings -  Reduced water flow from tap and shower -  Waste water must be treated -  Follow local water waste plan

Criteria categories for tourism


To obtain the label the services must meet 29 mandatory criteria and 61 optional criteria

" Seven broad criteria:

Operational phase

General Management -  Environmental Policy Statement and Action Plan -  Staff training on environmental measures -  Data collection

Waste reduction -  No disposable products -  No single dose packaging -  Waste separation

Info to guests -  Active info on Environmental Policy and Action Plan -  Info on environmental good practices in structure

Info on EU Ecolabel -  Guest Information on Ecolabel

Optional Criteria 67 criteria – 20 criteria satisfied

Ecolabel in tourism accommodation services: Italy


•  Europe: 356 licenses 2% of total •  Italy: 50,8% of total EU licenses

2 12 22

79

130

199

137 159 166

181

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 June 2013

Temporally evolution of licenses:*

*ISPRA

Ecolabel in tourism accommodation services: Italy


Agri-‐tourism B&B House for

holidays Hotel Residence Shelter Hostel

Type of accommoda>on 2012* 13 10 4 105 7 10 1

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Type of accommodation 2012*

*ISPRA

North 53%

South & Islands 32%

Center 15%

Territorial distribution 2012*

Environmental Performances Benchmark Ecolabel and other structures 1/3

Comparison of Ecolabel structures and other facilities in Trentino-Alto Adige*


Electricity consumption Average consumption in Ecolabel structures Ecolabel compared to number of nights 116.666,59 KWh/year Other structures average 158.896 KWh/year Percentage variation -26,58%

Water consumption Average consumption in Ecolabel structures Ecolabel compared to number of night 3.579.093,18 l/year

Other structures average 4.161.000 l/year Percentage variation -26,58%

*ISPRA, Federazione Italiana per l’Uso Razionale dell’Energia


Comparison of Ecolabel structures and other facilities in Italy*


Electricity consumption Average consumption in Ecolabel

structures Ecolabel compared to number of nights

250.623,31 Kwh/year

Average of 4 stars hotel in North Italy 588.235,29 Kwh/year Percentage variation - 57,39%

*ISPRA, ENEA


Comparison of Ecolabel structures and other European hotels*


Electricity consumption 3 stars 4 stars Average consumption in Ecolabel structures Ecolabel

compared to number of nights 61,34 kWh/pern 29,51 kWh/pern Other European structures average (LIFE study) [12] 83,5 kWh/pern 71,84 kWh/pern

Percentage variation - 26,54% - 58,92%

Water consumption 3 stars 4 stars Average consumption in Ecolabel structures Ecolabel

compared to number of nights 280,27 l/pern 233,29 l/pern Other European structures average (LIFE study) 424 l/pern 335 l/pern

Percentage variation -33,90% - 30,36%

*ISPRA; Haleme H., Eckardt S.

Departement of Bisuness Management University Roma Tre

[email protected]


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