Evidence for Living Things Changing Across Time
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Transcript of Evidence for Living Things Changing Across Time
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EVIDENCE FOR LIVING THINGS CHANGING ACROSS TIME
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Four Scientific Fields that Study Evidence of Change
Paleontology
Physical Anthropology
Developmental Biology
Evolutionary Biology
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Physical Anthropology Physical Anthropologists are scientists who
study how humans and their ancestors have changed biologically over time.
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Physical Anthropology
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Physical Anthropology Similarities in skull structure offers
evidence of common ancestry. Changes in skull structure indicate
change across time.
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Paleontology The study of prehistoric life and
evolutionary relationships through the fossil record.
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Paleontology Evidence for Change through the fossil
record
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Fossils Found in Strata
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Paleontology Evidence for change across time
Fossil record shows gradual change over time of a large number of species
Higher Rock levels Younger Fossils found here. Fossils are similar to modern species
Lower Rock levels Older fossils found Fossils are much different from modern species
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Developmental Biologist Scientists who study the stages of growth
and development that living organisms pass through as they grow from fertilized egg to mature adult.
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Developmental Biologist Embryology- Branch of developmental
biology that focuses on the early development of organisms before they are born or hatched.
Embryo- Developing organisms during the prebirth/prehatch stage.
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Evidence of ChangeSimilarity of early stages of development indicate common ancestor
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Evidence of ChangeThe more similar the later stages of
embryos look alike, the closer the relation
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Evidence for change The presence of DNA in ALL living
organisms is evidence that all living things evolved from a common ancestor.
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Evidence of changeThe similarity of DNA sequencing is evidence of that
these organisms share common ancestors.
Animal Percentage of DNA that is the same as human DNA
Fruit Fly 60%
Chicken 60%
Domestic cat 90%
Monkey (an old world primate) 93%
Gibbon (a lesser ape) 95%
Chimpanzee (a great ape) 98%
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Our Closest Relation The Bonobo’s and Chimpanzee’s DNA
sequencing is 98% the same as Human DNA sequencing.
This is strong evidence that humans, chimpanzees and Bonobos share a common ancestor.
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Evolutionary BiologyEvolutionary Biologists are scientists who
study how living organisms change physically over time.
Charles Darwin wrote “TheOrigin of Species”
Evolution through Natural Selection
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Evolutionary Biologists Homologous Structures- Characteristics
that are similar among different organisms because they evolved from a common ancestor.
Vestigial Structures- Structures that seemingly serve no purpose in some animals that are functional in other animals.
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Homologous Structures•Evidence for common ancestor•Structures evolved and changed across time
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Vestigial Structures Shows Evidence of change over time as
structures that no longer serve a purpose are still present.
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Vestigial StructuresThe Pelvic Girdle was functional in the ancestors of the modern Whale.
The structure no longer serves a purpose but is still present
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Human Vestigial Structures