Evidence for Intonational Phonology from South Saami/Bye_tie4_2010.pdf · 2011. 10. 24. ·...
Transcript of Evidence for Intonational Phonology from South Saami/Bye_tie4_2010.pdf · 2011. 10. 24. ·...
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Evidence for Intonational Phonologyfrom South Saami
Patrik Bye
University of Tromsø
TIE 4Stockholm, 11th September, 2010
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 1 / 80
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Outline
1 IntroductionSegmental inventoryStress assignment
2 Inventory of tunes and domains
3 The left edge of IP
4 Bounded Hα spreading
5 Conclusions
-
South Saami
Finno-Ugric
Central Norwayand Sweden
ca. 500 speakers(est. TapaniSalminen)
few young nativespeakers
vibrantrevitalizationscene
orthography1978
growing literacy
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 2 / 80
-
South Saami
Finno-Ugric
Central Norwayand Sweden
ca. 500 speakers(est. TapaniSalminen)
few young nativespeakers
vibrantrevitalizationscene
orthography1978
growing literacy
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 2 / 80
-
South Saami
Finno-Ugric
Central Norwayand Sweden
ca. 500 speakers(est. TapaniSalminen)
few young nativespeakers
vibrantrevitalizationscene
orthography1978
growing literacy
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 2 / 80
-
South Saami
Finno-Ugric
Central Norwayand Sweden
ca. 500 speakers(est. TapaniSalminen)
few young nativespeakers
vibrantrevitalizationscene
orthography1978
growing literacy
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 2 / 80
-
South Saami
Finno-Ugric
Central Norwayand Sweden
ca. 500 speakers(est. TapaniSalminen)
few young nativespeakers
vibrantrevitalizationscene
orthography1978
growing literacy
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 2 / 80
-
South Saami
Finno-Ugric
Central Norwayand Sweden
ca. 500 speakers(est. TapaniSalminen)
few young nativespeakers
vibrantrevitalizationscene
orthography1978
growing literacy
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 2 / 80
-
South Saami
Finno-Ugric
Central Norwayand Sweden
ca. 500 speakers(est. TapaniSalminen)
few young nativespeakers
vibrantrevitalizationscene
orthography1978
growing literacy
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 2 / 80
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Corpus
scripted conversations
ca. 2 hrs
4 speakers (2 male, 2 female)
southerly northern variant (Snåsa)
Saemesth amma! course (Vangberg and Brandsfjell2003)
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 3 / 80
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Aims
Provide first AMP analysis of Saami.
Adduce an argument for intonational phonology usingSouth Saami data.
Motivate rule spreading H boundary tone withinprosodically bounded domain.
Present aspects of South Saami intonation in theprocess.
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 4 / 80
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Three diagnostics
Arbitrariness (Gussenhoven 2004: 53f.).Pairing of tune and meaning may go against thebiological code.Discreteness (Gussenhoven 2004: 54–7).Tunes and their meaning are discrete, not continuous.Duality of patterning (Gussenhoven 2004: 57).Tones cannot be direct exponents of meaning ⇒expect complex tunes.
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 5 / 80
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Four diagnostics. . . and a fourth
Arbitrariness (Gussenhoven 2004: 53f.).Pairing of tune and meaning may go against thebiological code.Discreteness (Gussenhoven 2004: 54–7).Tunes and their meaning are discrete, not continuous.Duality of patterning (Gussenhoven 2004: 57).Tones cannot be direct exponents of meaning ⇒expect complex tunes.Sensitivity to phonological/prosodic structure.Operations on tones may refer to independentlymotivated levels of phonological structure.
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 6 / 80
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Prosodic sensitivity
Bounded High Tone Spreading (HTS) well-attested inlexical tone languages (e.g. Bantu).
HTS not (to my knowledge) attested in intonation.
Finding prosodically bounded HTS would be evidencefor phonological theory of intonation.
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 7 / 80
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Previous work
Lagercrantz (1923, 1926)
Hasselbrink (1944, 1965, 1981–1985)
Bergsland (1948, 1994)
Lorentz (1973)
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 8 / 80
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Outline
1 IntroductionSegmental inventoryStress assignment
2 Inventory of tunes and domains
3 The left edge of IP
4 Bounded Hα spreading
5 Conclusions
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Segmental inventory
p t ts tS k i u ı̄ ūph th kh a ā Ōf s S hm n ñ NV r l j
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 9 / 80
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Expanded vowel inventory
i y 1 0 u i@ y@ 1@ 0@ u@e 3
A O O@
ee øø 33 e3 y3aa AA OO OA
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 10 / 80
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Outline
1 IntroductionSegmental inventoryStress assignment
2 Inventory of tunes and domains
3 The left edge of IP
4 Bounded Hα spreading
5 Conclusions
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Stress assignmentgie ("ki@) ‘who’maana ("mAAnAA) ‘child’aerede ("aar@d@) ‘morning’nyjsenæjja ("n0js@)(nEjjAA) ‘woman’nyjsenæjjese ("n0js@)(nEjj@s@) ‘to the woman’dåeriedieh ("do@ri@)(di@h) ‘they follow’dåeredeminie ("doAr@d@)(minie) ‘following’kaamraate ("kAAm)(rAAt@) ‘mate, pal’
Ft = σ́σ or σ́σσLeft-to-RightMain stress on initial foot
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 11 / 80
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Metaphony
V1 V2//i// //a// //u// //̄ı// //ā// //Ō// //ū//
i e u ie aa Oe 0e ie //̄ı//E A O eA AA OA 0A AA //ā//E A O eA AA OA OA ue //ū//1 A u 1e AA OA ue @ //i//0 O O yø OO OO OO @ //u//i i y ee ee øø øø @ //a//
Quality of stressed nucleus (V1) varies depending on lengthand height of following unstressed vowel (V2).
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 12 / 80
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Paradigm of //kŌt̄ı//, ‘hut’
sg plnom kO@thi@ kO@thi@hacc kO@thi@m køøthit@gen kO@thi@n køøthiill kOAthAAn køøthit@iness kO@th@sn@ køøthin@elat kO@th@st@ køøthijst@comit køøthin@ køøthikyjmi@ess køøthin@
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 13 / 80
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Position and vowel contrast
( σ́1 σ2 )all V, –[@] i@ u@ AA
i @ (< u a)
( σ́1 σ2 σ3 )all V, –[@] i u @ i @
Given importance of Ft in Saami, might expect tofind reference to it in intonation.
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 14 / 80
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Outline
1 Introduction
2 Inventory of tunes and domains
3 The left edge of IP
4 Bounded Hα spreading
5 Conclusions
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Domains
Intonational Phrase (ι)
Accent Phrase (α — begins with pitch-accentedsyllable)
Degenerate Accent Phrase, only initial in the IP
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 15 / 80
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Pitch accents
Tone Distribution MeaningH* head of α defaultH*> head of α focus!H* head of α downgraded salienceL right edge of foot/α (?) default
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 16 / 80
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Boundary tones
Tone Edge MeaningLι final defaultHι final continuation (list item)Lα initial defaultHα final non-finality, given, topic
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 17 / 80
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Data
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 18 / 80
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A prototypical IP
play
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 19 / 80
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A prototypical IP
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 20 / 80
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A prototypical IP
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 21 / 80
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Degenerate initial AP
Initial α either lacks pitch accent (deaccentuation), or hascompressed pitch accent.
Generally ends in a Hα boundary tone (non-finality).Initial accentless phrases generally have
a glissando from Low to High, or
a Low. . . -High pattern with a step up on the last syllable.
Initial AP generally hosts topic/given.
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 22 / 80
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Degenerate initial AP
Initial α either lacks pitch accent (deaccentuation), or hascompressed pitch accent.Generally ends in a Hα boundary tone (non-finality).
Initial accentless phrases generally have
a glissando from Low to High, or
a Low. . . -High pattern with a step up on the last syllable.
Initial AP generally hosts topic/given.
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 22 / 80
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Degenerate initial AP
Initial α either lacks pitch accent (deaccentuation), or hascompressed pitch accent.Generally ends in a Hα boundary tone (non-finality).Initial accentless phrases generally have
a glissando from Low to High, or
a Low. . . -High pattern with a step up on the last syllable.
Initial AP generally hosts topic/given.
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 22 / 80
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Degenerate initial AP
Initial α either lacks pitch accent (deaccentuation), or hascompressed pitch accent.Generally ends in a Hα boundary tone (non-finality).Initial accentless phrases generally have
a glissando from Low to High, or
a Low. . . -High pattern with a step up on the last syllable.
Initial AP generally hosts topic/given.
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 22 / 80
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Degenerate initial AP
Initial α either lacks pitch accent (deaccentuation), or hascompressed pitch accent.Generally ends in a Hα boundary tone (non-finality).Initial accentless phrases generally have
a glissando from Low to High, or
a Low. . . -High pattern with a step up on the last syllable.
Initial AP generally hosts topic/given.
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 22 / 80
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Degenerate initial AP
Initial α either lacks pitch accent (deaccentuation), or hascompressed pitch accent.Generally ends in a Hα boundary tone (non-finality).Initial accentless phrases generally have
a glissando from Low to High, or
a Low. . . -High pattern with a step up on the last syllable.
Initial AP generally hosts topic/given.
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 22 / 80
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New/Focus
Guktiehow
Aanna-SøøfineA.-S.-com.sg
‘How are things with Aanna-Søøfe?’
{ [
Lα
Lα
gu
u
•
•
ktie
e
•
•
]
Hα
Hα
[ A
A
H
H
*>
A
A
•
•
Nna-Søøfine
e
•
•
? ] }
Lι
Lι
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 23 / 80
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Given/Topic
Aanna-SøøfineA.-S.-com.sg
hijvenwell
‘With Aanna-Søøfe things are well.’
{ [
Lα
Lα
A
A
•
•
H
H
*
ANna
a
•
•
-Sø
ø
•
•
øfine
e
•
•
]
Hα
Hα
[ HI
I
•
•
H
H
*
Jve
e
•
•
n ] }
Lι
Lι
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 24 / 80
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Outline
1 Introduction
2 Inventory of tunes and domains
3 The left edge of IPDegenerate αMotivating HαPhrasing and clitics
4 Bounded Hα spreading
5 Conclusions
-
Outline
1 Introduction
2 Inventory of tunes and domains
3 The left edge of IPDegenerate αMotivating HαPhrasing and clitics
4 Bounded Hα spreading
5 Conclusions
-
Deaccented α
Dohtethat
HiljenH.-gen.sg
gåetiehouse
‘That’s Hilje’s house.’ SA1;7
{ [
Lα
Lα
do
o
•
•
hte
e
•
•
] [ HI
I
H
H
*>
L
L
•
•
je
e
•
•
n ] [ GÅ
Å
•
•
H
H
*
Etie
e
•
•
] }
Lι
Lι
play
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 25 / 80
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Deaccented α
JåvvaJ.
dihtefoc
vuajadrive-3sg.pres
‘It’s Jåvva that’s driving.’ SA1;3
{ [
Lα
Lα
Jå
å
•
•
vva
a
•
•
] [ DI
I
H
H
*>
H
H
•
•
te
e
•
•
] [ VU
U
•
•
H
H
*
Aja
a
•
•
] }
Lι
Lι
play
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 26 / 80
-
Deaccented α
Sijhtedewant-2pl.pres
vielieyet
prihtjegem?coffee-acc.sg
‘Do you (pl) want more coffee?’ SA2;1
{ [
Lα
Lα
si
i
•
•
jhtede
e
•
•
] [ VI
I
H
H
*>
E
E
•
•
lie
e
•
•
] [ PRI
I
•
•
H
H
*
Htjege
e
•
•
m? ] }
Lι
Lι
play
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 27 / 80
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Compressed pitch accent
Jirredentomorrow
guessiehguest-nom.pl
båetiehcome-3pl.pres
‘Tomorrow there are guests coming.’ SA1;12
{ [
Lα
Lα
JI
I
•
•
H
H
*
Rre
e
•
•
de
e
•
•
n ]
Hα
Hα
[ GU
U
•
•
∧H
∧H
*
ESsi
i
•
•
eh ] [ BÅ
Å
•
•
H
H
*
Etie
e
•
•
h ] }
Lι
Lι
play
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 28 / 80
-
Compressed pitch accent
Daenthis-gen.sg
biejjienday-gen.sg
joekoenespecially
tjåetskemecold.weather.nom.sg‘Today it’s especially cold.’ SA2;4
{ [
Lα
Lα
DA
A
•
•
H
H
*
EN bi
i
•
•
ejjie
e
•
•
n ]
Hα
Hα
[ JO
O
∧H
∧H
*
E
E
•
•
koe
e
•
•
n ] [ TJÅ
Å
•
•
H
H
*
ETSke
e
•
•
me
e
•
•
] }
Lι
Lι
play
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 29 / 80
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Compressed pitch accent
Sijhtedewant-2pl.pres
vielieyet
gihpe-laejpeste?cream-bread-elat.sg
‘Do you (pl) want more sponge-cake?.’ SA2;1
{ [
Lα
Lα
SI
I
•
•
H
H
*
Jhte
e
•
•
de
e
•
•
]
Hα
Hα
[ VI
I
•
•
∧H
∧H
*
ELi
i
•
•
e ] [ GI
I
•
•
H
H
*
Hpelaejpeste
e
•
•
? ] }
Lι
Lι
play
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 30 / 80
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Outline
1 Introduction
2 Inventory of tunes and domains
3 The left edge of IPDegenerate αMotivating HαPhrasing and clitics
4 Bounded Hα spreading
5 Conclusions
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Initial rise (glissando pattern)
ijneg.3sg.pres
leahbe:conneg
vieliestill
voejebutter
‘There is no more butter.’ SA1;5
{ [
Lα
Lα
i
i
•
•
j leah vieli
i
•
•
e ]
Hα
Hα
[ VO
O
H
H
*>
E
E
•
•
je
e
•
•
] }
Lι
Lι
play selection play all
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 31 / 80
-
Initial rise (glissando pattern)
dahkoethat.way
ijneg.3sg.pres
naanany
bussebus
juhtiehtravel-conneg
‘No busses go that way.’ SA1;11
{ [
Lα
Lα
da
a
•
•
hkoe ij naa
a
•
•
n ]
Hα
Hα
[ BU
U
∧H
∧H
*
•
•
Sse
e
•
•
] [ JU
U
H
H
*
•
•
Htie
e
•
•
h ] }
Lι
Lι
play selection play all
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 32 / 80
-
Initial rise (glissando pattern)
ibieneg-1pl.pres
buektedhmanage-conneg
‘We’re not managing.’ SA2;2
{ [
Lα
Lα
i
i
•
•
bie
e
•
•
]
Hα
Hα
[ BU
U
•
•
∧H
∧H
EKte
e
•
•
dh ] }
Lι
Lι
play selectionplay all
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 33 / 80
-
Initial rise (step pattern)
Ålkeneoutside
sånprt
leabe:3sg.pres
‘I suppose he’s outside.’ SA1;6
{ [
Lα
Lα
å
å
•
•
lke
e
•
•
ne
e
•
•
]
Hα
Hα
[ SÅ
Å
•
•
H
H
*
N lea
a
•
•
] }
Lι
Lι
play selection play all
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 34 / 80
-
Initial rise (step pattern)
ÅvlaÅ.
leabe:3sg.pres
joealready
båateme?come-pf.ppl
‘Has Åvla already arrived?’
{ [
Lι
Lι
Å
Å
•
•
vla
a
•
•
lea
a
•
•
]
Hα
Hα
[ JO
O
H
H
*>
E
E
•
•
] [ BÅ
Å
•
•
!H
!H
Ateme
e
•
•
? ] }
Lι
Lι
play selection play all
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 35 / 80
-
Initial rise (step pattern)
Maehtedenbe.able-2du.pres
traktovremtractor-acc.sg
diekiehere:dir
viehkinehelp-ess
‘Can you (two) get the tractor here to help?’
{ [
Lα
Lα
ma
a
•
•
ehte
e
•
•
de
e
•
•
n ]
Hα
Hα
[ TRA
A
•
•
H
H
*
Ktovre
e
•
•
m ] [ DI
I
•
•
H
H
*
Ekie
e
•
•
] [ VI
I
•
•
H
H
*
EHkine
e
•
•
] }
Lι
Lι
play selection play all
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 36 / 80
-
Hα before !H*
Bueriegood
biejjie!day
‘Good day!’ SA2;1
{ [
Lα
Lα
bu
u
•
•
erie
e
•
•
]
Hα
Hα
[ BI
I
H
H
*>
E
E
•
•
Jjie
e
•
•
] }
Lι
Lι
Play
{ [
Lα
Lα
bu
u
•
•
erie buerie
e
•
•
]
Hα
Hα
[ BI
I
!H
!H
*
•
•
EJjie
e
•
•
] }
Lι
Lι
Play
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 37 / 80
-
Hα before !H*
Dovyou:gen.sg
dågkah?tobacco
‘Have you got any tobacco?’ SA2;3
{ [
Lα
Lα
d
d
•
•
ov
v
•
•
]
Hα
Hα
[ DÅ
Å
!H
!H
*
•
•
Gka
a
•
•
h ] }
Lι
Lι
play
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 38 / 80
-
Hα before !H*
Guktiehow
dovyour
nomme?name
‘What is your name?’ SA1;1
{ [
Lα
Lα
gu
u
•
•
ktie
e
•
•
]
Hα
Hα
[ DO
O
H
H
*>
V
V
•
•
] [ NO
O
!H
!H
*
•
•
Mme
e
•
•
] }
Lι
Lι
Movmy
nommename
SagkaS.
‘My name’s Sagka.’
{ [
Lα
Lα
mo
o
•
•
v nomme
e
•
•
]
Hα
Hα
[ SA
A
!H
!H
*
•
•
Gka
a
•
•
] }
Lι
Lι
play
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 39 / 80
-
Hα before !H*Context: Do you like it here?
Daesniehere
hovprt
tryøjjedemthrive-1sg.pres
‘Sure I like it here.’ SA2;12
{ [
Lα
Lα
da
a
•
•
esnie ho
o
•
•
v ]
Hα
Hα
[ TRY
Y
!H
!H
*
•
•
ØJjede
e
•
•
m ] }
Lι
Lι
play
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 40 / 80
-
Hα before !H*
LaaraL.
gujhtprt
daajraknow:3sg.pres
‘Lars will know.’
{ [
Lα
Lα
La
a
•
•
ara
a
•
•
gu
u
•
•
jht ]
Hα
Hα
[ DA
A
•
•
!H
!H
*
AJra
a
•
•
] }
Lι
Lι
play
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 41 / 80
-
Hα before !H*
SagkaS.
jihand
manneme
‘Sagka and me.’
{ [
Lα
Lα
Sa
a
•
•
gka
a
•
•
ji
i
•
•
h ]
Hα
Hα
[ MA
A
•
•
!H
!H
*
Nne
e
•
•
] }
Lι
Lι
play
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 42 / 80
-
Affirmative answers
Dihtehe
leabe:3sg.pres
pruvres?married
‘Is he married?’ SA2;12
{ [
Lα
Lα
di
i
•
•
hte lea
a
•
•
]
Hα
Hα
[ PRU
U
•
•
H
H
*
Vre
e
•
•
s ] }
Lι
Lι
play
Pruvresmarried
leabe:3sg.pres
‘Yes, he is.’
{ [
Lα
Lα
pru
u
•
•
vre
e
•
•
s ]
Hα
Hα
[ LE
E
!H
!H
*
•
•
A
A
•
•
] }
Lι
Lι
play play
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 43 / 80
-
Affirmative answers
Datneyou (sg)
nøørjen-Norway-gen.sg
gielemlanguage-acc.sg
maahtahbe.able-2sg.pres
‘Do you speak Norwegian?’
{ [
Lα
Lα
da
a
•
•
tne
e
•
•
]
Hα
Hα
[ NØ
Ø
H
H
*>
Ø
Ø
•
•
Rje
e
•
•
n- ] [ GI
I
•
•
H
H
*
Ele
e
•
•
n ] [ MA
A
•
•
H
H
*
AHta
a
•
•
h? ] }
Lι
Lι
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 44 / 80
-
Affirmative answers
Nøørjen-Norway-gen.sg
gielemlanguage-acc.sg
maahtambe.able-1sg.pres
‘Yes, I do.’
{ [
Lα
Lα
nø
ø
•
•
ørjen-giele
e
•
•
m ]
Hα
Hα
[ MA
A
!H
!H
*
•
•
AHta
a
•
•
m ] }
Lι
Lι
play selection play all
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 45 / 80
-
Affirmative answers
Naanany
gueliehfish-acc.pl
åadtjoejih?get-2sg.past
‘Did you get any fish?’
{ [
Lα
Lα
na
a
•
•
an ] [ GU
U
H
H
*>
E
E
•
•
lie
e
•
•
]
Hα
Hα
[ Å
Å
•
•
H
H
*
ADtjoeji
i
•
•
h ] }
Lι
Lι
Åadtjoejimget-1sg.past
gujhtassur.prt
‘I did indeed.’ SA2;6
{ [
Lα
Lα
å
å
•
•
adtjo
o
•
•
eji
i
•
•
m ]
Hα
Hα
[ GU
U
!H
!H
*
•
•
JHT ] }
Lι
Lι
play play
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 46 / 80
-
Affirmative answers
Context:
‘Have you (two) alreadylooked?’
Vuartemelook-prf.ppl
leanbe-1du.pres
‘(Yes,) we (two) havelooked.’ SA3;11
{ [
Lα
Lα
vu
u
•
•
arte
e
•
•
me
e
•
•
] [ LE
E
•
•
H
H
*
A
A
•
•
N ]
Hα
Hα
}
Lι
Lι
play selection play all
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 47 / 80
-
Affirmative answersContext:Vuesedhshow-imper‘Show (me)!’
{ [
Lα
Lα
VU
U
•
•
H
H
*
Ese
e
•
•
dh ] }
Lι
Lι
Vuesehtemshow-1sg.pres‘(All right,) I’ll show (you).’
{ [
Lα
Lα
vu
u
•
•
ese
e
•
•
hte
e
•
•
m
m
•
•
]
Hα
Hα
}
Lι
Lι
play
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 48 / 80
-
Affirmative answers
Context:
‘Look!’
Vuajnamsee-1sg.pres‘(Yes,) I see.’ SA4;7
{ [
Lα
Lα
vu
u
•
•
ajna
a
•
•
m
m
•
•
]
Hα
Hα
}
Lι
Lι
play
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 49 / 80
-
Outline
1 Introduction
2 Inventory of tunes and domains
3 The left edge of IPDegenerate αMotivating HαPhrasing and clitics
4 Bounded Hα spreading
5 Conclusions
-
Sentence particle phrasing
Sentence particles and verb be cliticize and attractHα
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 50 / 80
-
Clitic particle
Guhkiemlong-acc.sg
hovprt
åeriejimhsleep-1pl.past
‘Indeed we slept long.’
{ [ GU
U
H
H
*>
H
H
•
•
ki
i
•
•
em ho
o
•
•
v ]
Hα
Hα
[ Å
Å
H
H
*
•
•
Eri
i
•
•
eji
i
•
•
mh ] }
Lι
Lι
play selection play all
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 51 / 80
-
Clitic particle
Debpeneover.there
hovprt
lustefun
‘It’s certainly fun over there.’
{ [ DE
E
H
H
*
•
•
Bpe
e
•
•
ne ho
o
•
•
v ]
Hα
Hα
[ LU
U
!H
!H
*
•
•
Ste
e
•
•
] }
Lι
Lι
play selection play all
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 52 / 80
-
Clitic particleLaejpiembread-acc.sg
sånprt
åastabuy-3sg.pres
‘I suppose he’s buying bread.’ SA1;6
{ [ LA
A
•
•
H
H
*
EJpi
i
•
•
em så
å
•
•
n ]
Hα
Hα
[ Å
Å
•
•
H
H
*
ASta
a
•
•
] }
Lι
Lι
play selection play all
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 53 / 80
-
Clitic be
mohtebut
motovreengine
leabe:3sg.pres
slahtjanout.of.order
‘But the engine is out of order.’
{ [
Lα
Lα
mo
o
•
•
hte
e
•
•
] [ MO
O
H
H
*
•
•
tovre
e
•
•
lea
a
•
•
]
Hα
Hα
[ SLA
A
!H
!H
*
•
•
Htja
a
•
•
n ] }
Lι
Lι
play play
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 54 / 80
-
Clitic be
PierenP.-gen.sg
lijbe-3sg.past
hierkiehorse
jihand
slærrasled
meatanalong.with
‘Piere has the horse and sled along with him.’SA2,10
{ [
Lα
Lα
Pi
i
•
•
ere
e
•
•
n li
i
•
•
j ] [ HI
I
H
H
*>
E
E
•
•
Rkie
e
•
•
]
Hα
Hα
jih [ SLÆ
Æ
H
H
*>
R
R
•
•
ra
a
•
•
] [ ME
E
H
H
*
•
•
Ata
a
•
•
n ] }
Lι
Lι
play play
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 55 / 80
-
Disyllabic clitic cluster
MaarjaM.
hovprt
leabe:3sg.pres
KråangkesneGrong-iness.sg
‘Maarja’s in Grong.’
{ [ Ma
a
•
•
arja
a
•
•
]
Hα
Hα
[ HO
O
H
H
*>
V
V
•
•
lea
a
•
•
] [ KRÅ
Å
•
•
H
H
*
ANGkesne
e
•
•
] }
Lι
Lι
play selection play all
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 56 / 80
-
Disyllabic clitic cluster
Dotnenyou-gen.sg
baernieboy
sånprt
leabe:3sg.pres
seammasame
klaassesneclass-iness.sg
gohas
monnenme-gen.sg
‘I suppose your boy is in the same class as mine.’ SA2;12
{ [ DO
O
•
•
H
H
*
Tne
e
•
•
n ] [ BAE
AE
•
•
H
H
*
Rnie
e
•
•
] [ SÅ
Å
•
•
H
H
*
N lea
a
•
•
] [ SE
E
•
•
H
H
*
AMma
a
•
•
] [ KLA
A
•
•
H
H
*
ASsesne
e
•
•
] goh [ MO
O
•
•
H
H
*
Nne
e
•
•
n ] }
Lι
Lι
play selection play all
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 57 / 80
-
Hα in non-initial AP
Låavth-gåetinetent.canvass-hut-com.sg
lidhbe-2sg.past
meatanalong
‘Did you have the tent along with you?’ SA2;10
{ [ LÅ
Å
H
H
*>
A
A
•
•
VTH- ] [ GÅ
Å
H
H
*
•
•
Eti
i
•
•
ne
e
•
•
li
i
•
•
dh ]
Hα
Hα
[ ME
E
!H
!H
*
•
•
Ata
a
•
•
n ] }
Lι
Lι
play
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 58 / 80
-
Outline
1 Introduction
2 Inventory of tunes and domains
3 The left edge of IP
4 Bounded Hα spreading
5 Conclusions
-
Bounded Hα spreading
Gusniewhere
liganbe-3du.past
årroeminie?live-prog.ppl
‘Where were they living?’ SA2;11
{ [
Lα
Lα
gu
u
•
•
sni
i
•
•
e ( li
i
•
•
ga
a
•
•
n ) ]
Hα
Hα
[ Å
Å
•
•
H
H
*
Rroeminie
e
•
•
] }
Lι
Lι
play selection play all
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 59 / 80
-
Bounded Hα spreading
Joealready
lidiebe-2pl.pres
danthat-gen.sg
orrenew
gåatanhouse-ill.sg
jåhteme?move-pf.ppl
‘Have you already moved to the new house?’
{ [
Lα
Lα
jo
o
•
•
e li
i
•
•
di
i
•
•
e ]
Hα
Hα
[ DA
A
•
•
!H
!H
*
N ] [ O
O
•
•
∧H
∧H
*
Rre gåata
a
•
•
n ] [ JÅ
Å
•
•
H
H
*
Hteme
e
•
•
? ] }
Lι
Lι
play selection play all
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 60 / 80
-
Bounded Hα spreading
ennjestill
libiebe-1pl.pres
byøpmedeminieeat-prog.ppl
jihand
prihtjegemcoffee-acc.sg
jovkeminiedrink-prog.ppl
‘We are still eating and drinking coffee.’ SA2;5
{ [
Lα
Lα
e
e
•
•
nnje
e
•
•
( li
i
•
•
bi
i
•
•
e ) ]
Hα
Hα
[ BY
Y
H
H
*>
Ø
Ø
•
•
Pme
e
•
•
deminie ] [ ji
i
•
•
h PRI
I
H
H
*>
H
H
•
•
tjege
e
•
•
m ] [ JO
O
•
•
H
H
*
Vkeminie
e
•
•
] }
Lι
Lι
play selection play all
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 61 / 80
-
Bounded Hα spreading
dijjiehyou(pl)
lidiebe-2pl.pres
beapmoehfood-acc.pl
bienjidedog-ill.pl
vadtemegive-pf.ppl
‘Have you fed the dogs?’
{ [
Lα
Lα
di
i
•
•
jji
i
•
•
eh ( li
i
•
•
di
i
•
•
e ) ]
Hα
Hα
[ BE
E
H
H
*>
A
A
•
•
Pmoe
e
•
•
h ] [ BI
I
H
H
*>
E
E
•
•
njide
e
•
•
] [ VA
A
•
•
H
H
*
Dteme
e
•
•
] }
Lι
Lι
play selection play all
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 62 / 80
-
Bounded Hα spreading
KrihkeK.
gonand
KræstahK.
eaganneg-3du.pres
åajsoehbe.able-conneg
skuvleseschool-ill.sg
vaedtsedhgo-inf
‘Krihke and Kræsta are not able to go to school.’ SA2;4
{ [ KRI
I
H
H
*>
H
H
•
•
ke go
o
•
•
n ] [ KRÆ
Æ
•
•
H
H
*
Sta
a
•
•
h ( e
e
•
•
aka
a
•
•
n ) ]
Hα
Hα
[ Å
Å
•
•
H
H
*
AJsoe
e
•
•
h ] [ SKU
U
•
•
H
H
*
Vlese
e
•
•
] [ VA
A
•
•
H
H
*
EDtse
e
•
•
dh ] }
Lι
Lι
play selection play all
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 63 / 80
-
Bounded Hα spreading
Dahthey
sovprt
leahbe-3pl.pres
joealready
jåhtajammebreak.camp-prf.ppl
‘I suppose they must have already broken camp.’
{ [
Lα
Lα
da
a
•
•
h so
o
•
•
v lea
a
•
•
]
H
H
[ JO
O
H
H
*>
E
E
•
•
•
•
] [ JÅ
Å
H
H
*
•
•
Htajamme
e
•
•
] }
Lι
Lι
play selection play all
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 64 / 80
-
Disyllabic clitic cluster
Daatethis
sånprt
leabe:3sg.pres
fuehpiebusy
biejjieday
dotneseyou-ill.sg
orremeremain-prf.ppl
‘I suppose this has been a busy day for you.’ SA3;11
{ [
L
L
da
a
•
•
ate
e
•
•
så
å
•
•
n lea
a
•
•
]
Hα
Hα
[ FU
U
•
•
H
H
*
EHpie
e
•
•
] [ BI
I
•
•
H
H
*
EJjie
e
•
•
] [ DO
O
•
•
H
H
*
Tnese
e
•
•
] [ O
O
•
•
H
H
*
Rreme
e
•
•
] }
Lι
Lι
play selection play all
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 65 / 80
-
AP-final feet and bounded Hα spreading
Initial accentless phrases generally have
a glissando from Low to High, or
a Low. . . -High pattern with a step up on the last syllable.
a Low. . . -High pattern with a step up on thepenultimate syllable.
if bounded Hα spreading, Lα also spreads.
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 66 / 80
-
Constraints I: Alignment
LAlign(Lα)Lα must be left-aligned within the AP.
RAlign(Hα)Hα must be right-aligned within the AP.
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 67 / 80
-
Constraints II: Many-to-One Association
NoContourTone contours within the syllable are disallowed.
NoSpreadMultiply linked tones are disallowed.
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 68 / 80
-
Constraints III: Association
T→TBUTones must be associated with tone-bearing units.
H→ σ́Hα must be associated with the head of a foot.
SpreadLαLα must be associated to every TBU in α.
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 69 / 80
-
Secondary association of Tα
Lα, Hα, { [ σ σ σ ] . . . T→
TBU
LAlign(L α
)
RAlign(Hα)
a. { [
Lα
Lα
σ σ σ ]
Hα
Hα
. . . *!
b. + { [
Lα
Lα
σ
σ
σ σ
σ
]
Hα
Hα
. . .
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 70 / 80
-
Secondary association of Tα
Lα, Hα, { [ σ σ σ σ ] . . . T→
TBU
LAlign(L α
)
RAlign(Hα)
a. { [
Lα
Lα
σ σ σ σ ]
Hα
Hα
. . . *!
b. + { [
Lα
Lα
σ
σ
σ σ σ
σ
]
Hα
Hα
. . .
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 71 / 80
-
Optional Lα spread
Lα, Hα, { [ σ σ σ ] . . . NoC
ontour
SpreadL α
NoS
pread
a. { [
Lα
Lα
σ
σ
σ
σ
σ
σ
]
Hα
Hα
. . . *! **
b. { [
Lα
Lα
σ
σ
σ
σ
σ
σ
]
Hα
Hα
. . . *!
c. + { [
Lα
Lα
σ
σ
σ
σ
σ
σ
]
Hα
Hα
. . . *
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 72 / 80
-
Optional Lα spread
Lα, Hα, { [ σ σ σ ] . . . NoC
ontour
NoS
pread
SpreadL α
a. { [
Lα
Lα
σ
σ
σ
σ
σ
σ
]
Hα
Hα
. . . *! **
b. + { [
Lα
Lα
σ
σ
σ
σ
σ
σ
]
Hα
Hα
. . . *
c. { [
Lα
Lα
σ
σ
σ
σ
σ
σ
]
Hα
Hα
. . . *!
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 73 / 80
-
Crowding in monosyllabic α
Lα, Hα, { [ σ ] . . . T→
TBU
NoC
ontour
a. { [
Lα
Lα
σ
σ
]
Hα
Hα
. . . *!
b. { [
Lα
Lα
σ
σ
]
Hα
Hα
. . . *!
c. + { [
Lα
Lα
σ
σ
]
Hα
Hα
. . . *
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 74 / 80
-
Bounded Hα spread
Lα, Hα, { [ σ ( σ σ ) ] . . . H→
σ́
RAlign(Hα)
NoS
pread
a. { [
Lα
Lα
σ
σ
( σ
σ
σ
σ
) ]
Hα
Hα
. . . *!
b. { [
Lα
Lα
σ
σ
( σ
σ
σ
σ
) ]
Hα
Hα
. . . *!
c. + { [
Lα
Lα
σ
σ
( σ
σ
σ
σ
) ]
Hα
Hα
. . . *
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 75 / 80
-
Bounded Hα spread
Lα, Hα, { [ ( σ σ ) ] . . . T→
TBU
NoC
ontour
H→
σ́
NoS
pread
a. { [
Lα
Lα
( σ
σ
σ
σ
) ]
Hα
Hα
. . . *! *
b. { [
Lα
Lα
( σ
σ
σ
σ
) ]
Hα
Hα
. . . *! *
c. + { [
Lα
Lα
( σ
σ
σ
σ
) ]
Hα
Hα
. . . *
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 76 / 80
-
Hα and Lα spread
Lα, Hα, { [ σ σ ( σ σ ) ] . . . σ́Hα→
σLσ́
Hα
H→
σ́
NoS
pread
a. { [
Lα
Lα
σ
σ
σ
σ
( σ
σ
σ
σ
) ]
Hα
Hα
. . . *! *
b. + { [
Lα
Lα
σ
σ
σ
σ
( σ
σ
σ
σ
) ]
Hα
Hα
. . . **
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 77 / 80
-
Outline
1 Introduction
2 Inventory of tunes and domains
3 The left edge of IP
4 Bounded Hα spreading
5 Conclusions
-
Conclusions
Non-final Hα associated with right edge of α containing topic.
Hα spreads regressively within final (and non-initial) clitic foot.Foot is domain par excellence in Saami; perhaps not surprisingto find it implicated in intonational phonology as well.South Saami provides evidence for intonational phonologyaccording to a fourth diagnostic: prosodically restricted ruleapplication.
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 78 / 80
-
Conclusions
Non-final Hα associated with right edge of α containing topic.Hα spreads regressively within final (and non-initial) clitic foot.
Foot is domain par excellence in Saami; perhaps not surprisingto find it implicated in intonational phonology as well.South Saami provides evidence for intonational phonologyaccording to a fourth diagnostic: prosodically restricted ruleapplication.
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 78 / 80
-
Conclusions
Non-final Hα associated with right edge of α containing topic.Hα spreads regressively within final (and non-initial) clitic foot.Foot is domain par excellence in Saami; perhaps not surprisingto find it implicated in intonational phonology as well.
South Saami provides evidence for intonational phonologyaccording to a fourth diagnostic: prosodically restricted ruleapplication.
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 78 / 80
-
Conclusions
Non-final Hα associated with right edge of α containing topic.Hα spreads regressively within final (and non-initial) clitic foot.Foot is domain par excellence in Saami; perhaps not surprisingto find it implicated in intonational phonology as well.South Saami provides evidence for intonational phonologyaccording to a fourth diagnostic: prosodically restricted ruleapplication.
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 78 / 80
-
References I
Bergsland, Knut. 1948. Røros-lappisk grammatikk . Oslo: Instituttet forSammenlignende Kulturforskning.
Bergsland, Knut. 1994. Sydsamisk grammatikk . Karasjok: Davvi Girji.Gussenhoven, Carlos. 2004. The Phonology of Tone and Intonation. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.Hasselbrink, Gustav. 1944. Vilhelminalapskans ljudlära. Uppsala: Almqvist &
Wiksell.Hasselbrink, Gustav. 1965. Alternative Analyses of the Phonemic System in
Central South Lappish, volume 49 of Indiana University Uralic and AltaicSeries. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University.
Hasselbrink, Gustav. 1981–1985. Südlappisches Wörterbuch, volume c.4 ofSchriften des Instituts für Dialektforschung und Volkskunde in Uppsala.Lapskt språ och lapsk kultur . Uppsala: Lundequistiska Bokhandeln. 3volumes.
Lagercrantz, Eliel. 1923. Sprachlehre des Südlappischen nach der Mundart vonWefsen. Kristiania.
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 79 / 80
-
References II
Lagercrantz, Eliel. 1926. Wörterbuch des Südlappischen nach der Mundart vonWefsen, volume 4 of Serie B . Oslo: Instituttet for SammenlignendeKulturforskning.
Lorentz, Ove. 1973. Towards a Generative Phonology of Southern Lappish.Magister artium thesis, University of Oslo.
Vangberg, Åsta, and Helen Blind Brandsfjell. 2003. Saemesth amma!.Hattfjelldal: Sijti Jarnge. 4 volumes with accompanying audio recorded byLajla Marlen Toven, Anja Fjellheim Labj, Johan Martin Stenfjell and PerJonas Toven.
(University of Tromsø) South Saami Intonation TIE 4 80 / 80
IntroductionSegmental inventoryStress assignment
Inventory of tunes and domainsThe left edge of IPDegenerate Motivating HPhrasing and clitics
Bounded H spreadingConclusionsReferences