Evidence for Evolution Chapter 21. Darwin’s Finches and Natrual Selection What are the 3...
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Transcript of Evidence for Evolution Chapter 21. Darwin’s Finches and Natrual Selection What are the 3...
![Page 1: Evidence for Evolution Chapter 21. Darwin’s Finches and Natrual Selection What are the 3 Requirements for Natural Selection to take place?](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070400/56649f155503460f94c2acbe/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Evidence for Evolution
Chapter 21
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Darwin’s Finches and Natrual Selection
• What are the 3 Requirements for Natural Selection to take place?
•
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Industrial Melanism and Peppered Moths
• Selection by Predation? New Research
• Kettlewell
• http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/K/Kettlewell.jpg
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Artificial Selection
• Fruit Flies
• Crops
• Domesticated Animals ….Pleiotropy???
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/img/bidogtree.gif
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Fossil Evidence of Evolution
• Age of Fossils can be determined
• Fossils document evolutionary transition
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Evolution of Horses
• Changes in Size
• Toe Reduction
• Tooth size and Shape
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Anatomical Evidence For Evolution
• Homologous Structures…So what are analogous structures?
• Vestigial Structures
• Early Embryonic Development
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Convergent Evolution
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Darwin’s Critics
• 1. Evolution is not Solidly Demonstrated• 2. The intelligent design argument• 3. Evolution violates the 2nd law of
thermodynamics• 4.Proteins are too improbable• 5.Natural Selection does not imply evolution• 6. There are no fossil intermediates• 7. The irreducible complexity argument
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The Origin of Species
Chapter 22
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The Nature of Species
• Sympatric Species
• Subspecies
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The Biological Species Concept
• “ A species is a group of actually or potentially interbreeding natural population which is reproductively isolated from other such groups”
• Does not explain all observations
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Reproductive Isolation
• Geographic Isolation
• Ecological Isolation
• Behavioral Isolation
• Temporal Isolation
• Mechanical Isolation
• Prevention of Gamete Fusion
• Hybrid Inviability or Infertility
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Evolution of Reproductive Isolation
• Selection May reinforce Isolating Mechanisms
• Gene Flow Counters Speciation
• Reinforcement - initially incomplete isolating mechanisms are reinforced by natural selection until they are completely effective
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Speciation
• Genetic Drift
• Natural Selection
• Adaptation
• Allopatric
• Sympatric– Polypoidy
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Adaptive Radiation
• Hawaiian Drosophila
• Darwins Finches
• Chichlids
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Pace of Evolution• Gradualism vs Punctuated Equilibrium
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Extinction Through Time
• 5 Mass Extinctions have Occurred in the Past
• Permian, 250 mya
• Cretaceous, 65 mya
• 6th extinction underway
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Future of Evolution
• Thoughts????