EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
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Transcript of EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
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Evidence for Evolution
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Concept MapSection 15-3
includes
Evidence of Evolution
Physical remains of organisms
Common ancestral species Similar genes Similar genes
which is composed of which indicates which implies which implies
The fossil recordGeographic
distribution of living species
Homologous body structures
Similaritiesin early
development
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Fossils
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Relative Dating
Can determine
Is performed by
Drawbacks
Absolute Dating
Comparing Relative and Absolute Dating of Fossils
Section 17-1
Compare/Contrast Table
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Imprecision and limitations of age data
Difficulty of radioassay laboratory methods
Comparing depth of a fossil’s source stratum to the position of a reference fossil or rock
Determining the relative amounts of a radioactive isotope and nonradioactive isotope in a specimen
Age of fossil with respect to another rock or fossil (that is, older or younger)
Age of a fossil in years
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Water carries small rock particles to lakes and seas.
Dead organisms are buried by layers of sediment, which forms new rock.
The preserved remains may later be discovered and studied.
Section 17-1
Figure 17-2 Formation of a Fossil
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Beaver
NORTH AMERICA
Muskrat
Capybara SOUTH AMERICA
Coypu
Geographic Distributionof Living SpeciesSection 15-3
Beaver
Muskrat
Beaver andMuskrat
Coypu
Capybara
Coypu andCapybara
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GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION
• Example: Many pouched mammals (marsupials) in Australia • Few placental mammals
( deer, squirrels)
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SIMILARITIES IN STRUCTURE
• Homologous structures
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Turtle Alligator Bird Mammals
Typical primitive fish
Homologous Body Structures
Section 15-3
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VESTIGIAL STRUCTURES
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SIMILARITIES IN DEVELOPMENT
• Similar development
in embryos
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The Process of Speciation
A.Isolating Mechanisms1. Behavioral Isolation2. Geographic Isolation3. Temporal Isolation
B.Testing Natural Selection in Nature1. Variation2. Natural Selection3. Rapid Evolution
Section 16-3
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results from
which include
produced by produced byproduced by
which result in
which result in
Reproductive Isolation
Isolating mechanisms
Behavioral isolation Temporal isolationGeographic isolation
Behavioral differences Different mating timesPhysical separation
Independentlyevolving populations
Formation ofnew species
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Concept MapEvolution of LifeSection 17-2
Early Earth was hot; atmosphere contained poisonous gases.
Earth cooled and oceans condensed.
Simple organic molecules may have formed in the oceans..
Small sequences of RNA may have formed and replicated.
First prokaryotes may have formed when RNA or DNA was enclosed in microspheres.
Later prokaryotes were photosynthetic and produced oxygen.
An oxygenated atmosphere capped by the ozone layer protected Earth.
First eukaryotes may have been communities of prokaryotes.
Multicellular eukaryotes evolved.
Sexual reproduction increased genetic variability, hastening evolution.
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Section 17-3
Geologic Time Scale with Key Events
Glaciations; mammals increased; humansMammals diversified; grassesAquatic reptiles diversified; flowering plants; mass extinctionDinosaurs diversified; birdsDinosaurs; small mammals; cone-bearing plantsReptiles diversified; seed plants; mass extinctionReptiles; winged insects diversified; coal swampsFishes diversified; land vertebrates (primitive amphibians)Land plants; land animals (arthropods)Aquatic arthropods; mollusks; vertebrates (jawless fishes)Marine invertebrates diversified; most animal phyla evolvedAnaerobic, then photosynthetic prokaryotes; eukaryotes, then multicellular life
Cenozoic
Mesozoic
Paleozoic
PrecambrianTime
QuaternaryTertiaryCretaceousJurassicTriassicPermianCarboniferousDevonianSilurianOrdovicianCambrian
1.8–present65–1.8145–65208–145245–208290–245363–290410–363440–410505–440544–505650–544
Key EventsEra Period Time(millions of years ago)
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Patterns of Evolution
A. Mass ExtinctionsB. Adaptive RadiationC. Convergent EvolutionD. CoevolutionE. Punctuated EquilibriumF. Developmental Genes and Body Plans
Section 17-4
Section Outline
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Section 17-4
Flowchart
that are
can undergo can undergo can undergo can undergo can undergo
in underunderform inin
Species
Unrelated Related
Inter-relationshiops Similar environments
Intense environmental
pressure
Small populations
Different environments
Coevolution Convergent evolution Extinction Punctuated
equilibriumAdaptive radiation
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