A Nurse-Led Evidence-Based Quality Improvement Program on ...
Evidence-based Program Development
-
Upload
tulanemch -
Category
Health & Medicine
-
view
492 -
download
0
Transcript of Evidence-based Program Development
Data Driven and Evidence-based Program Development“Finding, understanding and disseminating data and statistics: From the CDC to YOU!”
Overview• “It is important in decision-making, policy
development, and the establishment of new programs to improve public health that these initiatives be supported by scientific evidence. “ (www.phpartners.org)• The ability to find, use and disseminate health statistics and
data allows the PH practitioner to:• Determine specific needs of various groups at the community, state
and national levels• Promote behavior modification through evidence-based practices• Provide convincing arguments to secure funding when grant-writing
Tutorial Breakdown
• The Five W’s + H• Data at the National and State Levels: Using CDC• Data and Statistics• Monitoring Programs
• Case study- WIC and Breastfeeding
Learning Objectives
At the end of this module you will be able to:• Identify strategies to critically determine what type of
data you need by utilizing the 5W (and H) method for finding data• Navigate and understand how to access two main
sources of health statistics information from the CDC: Breastfeeding Report Card (summary statistics) and PRAMS (interactive surveillance system) • Search for resources to help stay informed of
developments and events related to your field of interest related to working with women and children
Supported Competencies• Acquisition of the knowledge and skill set in this web tutorial
will develop competencies in:• Critical Thinking: Determining what type of data and data
sources will benefit the individual• Database Navigation: Feeling comfortable utilizing the CDC
website and other data websites• Using Monitoring Systems : Understanding how to use
monitoring systems such as PRAMS
Who
Who are you interested in?• Gender• Age• Race• Socioeconomic Status (SES)• Geography
What
What Health Indicator are you Interested in?• Breastfeeding!• Breastfeeding immediately after delivery• After 4 months?• After 6 months?
• Other Health Indicators• Pregnancy rates• STD rates• Pneumonia • Ect. Ect. Ect.
Where
• At what level are we interested in?• National• State• Local/Community level
• Using national statistics to support your state and local statistics
When• During what time period are you interested in investigating?
This year? This month? The past decade?• Are you interested in conducting a comparison? • Has your health indicator improved this year as compared to last
year?
Why
• Why do you want this data?• What do you hope to achieve?• Use for clinical work• Grant-writing• Public education • Submission to financial backers
How
• The following slides will go step by step how to find and understand data.• The Breastfeeding Report Card and the Pregnancy Risk
Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) were chosen and tools to find data at the national and state levels.• Both are funded by the CDC and are continuously updated
CDC- Breastfeeding Example• While data and statistics can of course be found on a
variety of health indicators related to various disease this tutorial will focus on those strictly related to breastfeeding
• The Center for Disease Control (CDC) is your best bet for finding up to date data and statistics on breastfeeding• www.cdc.gov• In the A-Z index: Choose B• Choose Breastfeeding from the Alphabetical list of topics• Under topics choose Data and Statistics
• Summarized Information• Search for particular data/statistics through
surveillance databases
Data and Statistics
Benefits to using data from the CDC• The data given matches what you are looking for• You need quick and easy-to-understand facts• You want to use ready-made graphs or charts
Data and Statistics (2)
Some things to consider with summary data before using it:• Who is the data looking at?
• Only certain races? Only one gender? • What is the data looking at?
• Is it your question? Slightly different?• Where was the data collected?
• Only in one geographic region? Population-based?• When was the data collected?
• A lot of data is collected periodically. You can make inferences from data collected several years ago if that is all that available to you just make sure you state that.
• How was the data collected?• Was it a valid method? Does it make sense to you?
• Why was the data collected?• If it was collected by the CDC you can trust that it is an objective source. Some
sources may have ulterior motives and can present data in certain ways to satisfy their objectives and funders
Data and Statistics (3)Find more information on each survey at cdc.gov
• Breastfeeding Report Card • Provides state-by-state data • Measures types of support in key community settings • Provides the most current data on the breastfeeding goals
outlined in Healthy People 2010. • U.S. National Immunization Survey (NIS)• Infant Feeding Practices Survey II• Maternity Care Practices Survey• HealthStyles Survey
Data and Statistics (4)• National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
(NHANES)• National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) • National Birth Certificate Data• The Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System (PNSS)• The Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System (PedNSS)
• The most recent national PedNSS annual reports and a Web-based training module with user-friendly "How-To" information for PedNSS and PNSS are available online
Interactive Surveillance System
• Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)• Surveys in selected states provide representative data on
the incidence and duration of breastfeeding. • Most recent data is 2007, some 2008
State and City Public Health Offices
• Each state and city have offices of public health (OPH)
• Each OPH has a website with data and statistics• Remember! Not all statistics are always posted• Contact you OPH at the state or city level via email or
phone call to discuss how to get the most up-to-date statistics available
• Your community health department may have data you are interested in, each community is different
Case Study
• National WIC Breastfeeding Promotion Plan: Loving Support Campaign (See “The 4 P’s of Social Marketingand Breastfeeding”)
• Objectives:• Increase the number of breastfeeding women.• Increase the average duration of breastfeeding among WIC
program participants.• Increase the # of referrals to WIC for breastfeeding support
and technical assistance.• Increase acceptance/support for breastfeeding among public.
• Louisiana was not included in the pilot states for the program
Case Study• Let’s say that as someone working with WIC mothers and
children in Louisiana, you think that Louisiana should be included in the “Loving Support Campaign” when its expanded
• Use data and statistics to support your argument that Louisiana should be an included state
• Look at the objectives of the program and search for statistics that will reference these objectives specifically to women in Louisiana• How many women in Louisiana breastfeed?• For how long do most women in Louisiana who are on WIC breastfeed?• How many referrals do WIC mothers in Louisiana receive for
breastfeeding support and technical assistance?• Is breastfeeding supported/accepted among the public in Louisiana?
Case Study
• To address these questions let’s use: • Breastfeeding Report Cardhttp://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/reportcard.htm
• PRAMShttp://www.cdc.gov/PRAMS/CPONDER.htm
Breastfeeding Report CardProvides state-by-state data on breastfeeding initiation and duration• Ever breastfed, breastfeeding at 6 months; breastfeeding at 12
months• Exclusively breastfeedingOutcomes directly track Healthy People 2010 Breastfeeding
objectivesProvides state-by-state information on breastfeeding support
systems• Birth Facility Support• Professional Support• Mother to Mother Support• Legislation• Infrastructure
Data from Breastfeeding Report Card, 2010
• From the Outcome Indicators:
• From the Process Indicators:
State Ever BreastfedBreastfeeding at 6 months
Breastfeeding at 12 months
Exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months
Exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months
U.S. National 75.0 43.0 22.4 33.0 13.3
Louisiana 56.6 20.2 9.8 22.0 7.8
State
Average mPINC Score
Percent of live births occuring at facilities designated as Baby Friendly (BFHI)
Percent of breastfed infants receiving formula before 2 days of age
Number of IBCLCs* per 1,000 live births
State legislation about breastfeeding in public places
State legislation mandating^ employer lactation support
Number of state health department FTEs** dedicated to breastfeeding
Breastfeeding coalition with public website
State child care regulation supports lactation
U.S. National 65 3.78 25.4 2.40 49 16 96.79 42 12
Louisiana 60 0 21.4 1.70 yes no 1.00 no no
Breastfeeding Report Card, 2010(2)
• From the Outcome Indicators:• Louisiana has lower rates in all breastfeeding categories as
compared to the national rates• Which indicator is most important for your purpose?• The exclusive breastfeeding rate in Louisiana at 6
months is 7.8 which is lower than the national average of 11.9.
Breastfeeding Report Card, 2010 (3)
• From the Process Indicators:• Summary Statement
• Louisiana has lower percentages in all support system availability than the national average with the exception of percent of infants under 2 days that receive formula.
• Which indicator is most important for your purpose?• The number of Full-Time Equivalents (FTEs) devoted to breastfeeding in
Louisiana is 1 as compared to the national average of nearly 97.
• Support your argument with further statistics from both the Outcome Indicator and Process Indicator report
Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System(PRAMS)
• Collects population-based data on maternal attitudes and practices before during and after pregnancy• Surveillance Reports (1996-2002)• Prevalence and Trends Database: CPONDER
• Users can design their own analysis by choosing from available variables• Contains data from 2000-2008 • 54 variables by topic as the outcome variable• 12 control variables to break out or stratify the requested analysis• Analyses may be for • a single state and year• a single state and all available years• all available states and a single year• Use graphs to support your points
PRAMS (2)• From the PRAMS website click Prevalence and Trend data-
CPONDER system on the right hand side• Choose Prevalence and Trend data- CPONDER system on the
right hand side again• From the pull down menu choose the state (or all states), year
and topic of interest• In this example lets look at the most recent data for Louisiana
concerning breastfeeding• State: Louisiana• Year: All available Years• Topic: Breastfeeding
• Questions related to the topic will appear if available
PRAMS (3)• In this example lets choose “Indicator of whether the mother was
still breastfeeding 8 weeks after delivery”
• In 2004 in Louisiana, 32.1% of women surveyed (n=1519) were breastfeeding 8 weeks after delivery. • The confidence interval of 29.6-34.7 says that there is one can be
95% confident that the percentage of women breastfeeding at 8 weeks (32.1%) falls between 29.6 and 34.7.
Year No Yes
2004
% 67.9 32.1
CI 65.3 - 70.4 29.6 - 34.7
n 1013 506
PRAMS (5)USING BREAKOUT CATEGORIES• In this example lets again choose “Indicator of whether the mother was
still breastfeeding 8 weeks after delivery”• Breakout categories appear in a drop down menu• Let’s choose to break out whether the mother was on WIC during her
pregnancy
• The results are based on the response being “yes”• In Louisiana in 2004, 22.1% of women surveyed of who were
breastfeeding 8 weeks after delivery (n= 502) were on a WIC.• The confidence interval (CI) is (19.1-25.3).
Year Non-WIC WIC
2004% 45.4 22.1CI 41.3 - 49.6 19.1 - 25.3n 308 194
Let’s draw some conclusions… and apply them to the case study!
• Our original purpose: Looking at breastfeeding rates among women on WIC in Louisiana to support Louisiana’s inclusion in the “Loving Support Campaign”
• What did we find out? • Louisiana has lower breastfeeding rates in all categories than the
national average and is not improving!• Louisiana has worse support systems than the national average• Louisiana has only 1 full-time state employee working in breastfeeding
programming• There is a lower percentage of women breastfeeding 8 weeks post
delivery who are in WIC than those not in WIC• All of these statistics address the objectives of the campaign and
could be used in writing a grant to promote Louisiana’s inclusion in this campaign!
Using the data…• This information can be used in• Patient education• Community-awareness• Grant-writing at the community/statelevel
• Summary:• For a complete picture use as many data
sources as possible• Start with CDC• Use state-level office of public health• Make sure your source is credible
Test your knowledge! • Where does your state rank in exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months as compared
to the other states and the national value in the most recent data available?• What is the most recent data showing the percentage of births in your state that
occur in a facility designated as a Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative?• What is the most recent data that shows the percentage of women in your state
that breastfed or used a breast pump to feed their new baby after delivery?• Use your data navigation skills to find data on another health indicator in your
state. What is the most recent data that shows the percentage of women in your state that had a BMI classified as “obese”, pre-pregnancy?
Additional ResourcesData and Statistics Databases• www.cdc.gov• www.phpartners.org• www.childstats.gov• www.statehealthfacts.org• http://communityhealth.hhs.govOnline Tutorials• http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nichsr/usestats/index.htm• http://nnlm.gov/training/healthstatistics/• http://phpartners.org/tutorial/03-hs/index.html• http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/
Thank you!
Thank you for participating in this tutorial. Your feedback is extremely important to the success of this program. Please take a few minutes to complete this short survey:
http://www.surveymonkey.com/s/KLJ28ZK