One of the important aspects of effective teaching is being able to assess if student learning is taking place. At the end of the lessons I use formative assessments such as exit tickets using post-it, index cards, technology (such as Kahoot it and Poll Everywhere) as well as observations during learning activities to determine if students are engaged and on task and learning is taking place. Another way I use formative assessments is having students complete a graphic organizer or Venn diagram to see whether the students are meeting standards set by the state and district. Another important type of assessment is summative assessment. I have incorporated a variety of summative assessments while student teaching. Project based learning is something that I have incorporated in my instruction. Students worked on major topics of 19th Century using laptops to research the material. I have also incorporated fun summative games such as grudeball along with unit tests that include short answer and essay questions.