Even primitive organisms display principles of genetics.
-
Upload
virgil-stephens -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
0
Transcript of Even primitive organisms display principles of genetics.
![Page 1: Even primitive organisms display principles of genetics.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649db15503460f94a9f575/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Fruit FliesA perfect animal for genetic research
![Page 2: Even primitive organisms display principles of genetics.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649db15503460f94a9f575/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Even primitive organisms display principles of genetics.
![Page 3: Even primitive organisms display principles of genetics.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649db15503460f94a9f575/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The common Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster) is the most widely used animal for genetic
studies.
![Page 4: Even primitive organisms display principles of genetics.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649db15503460f94a9f575/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
A single female may lay as many as 500 eggs
![Page 5: Even primitive organisms display principles of genetics.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649db15503460f94a9f575/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Their small size makes them easy to store, yet they are large enough for rapid notation of
phenotypes.
![Page 6: Even primitive organisms display principles of genetics.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649db15503460f94a9f575/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
This fly is easily cultured and it takes only two weeks for a new generation at 210 C.
![Page 7: Even primitive organisms display principles of genetics.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649db15503460f94a9f575/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The Fruit Fly has been the subject of genetic studies since 1909 with Thomas Hunt Morgan.
![Page 8: Even primitive organisms display principles of genetics.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649db15503460f94a9f575/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Transparent plastic vials are used as culture vessels
![Page 9: Even primitive organisms display principles of genetics.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649db15503460f94a9f575/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
We will use an instant medium formula for our experiments. Equal volumes of water and
medium along with 5 grains of yeast are mixed in a vial.
![Page 10: Even primitive organisms display principles of genetics.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649db15503460f94a9f575/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Known mutations and locations of fruit fly mutant genes
![Page 11: Even primitive organisms display principles of genetics.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649db15503460f94a9f575/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Ebony body is a recessive mutation
![Page 12: Even primitive organisms display principles of genetics.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649db15503460f94a9f575/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
This is the normal dominant wild type fruit fly
![Page 13: Even primitive organisms display principles of genetics.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649db15503460f94a9f575/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The parental cross will be homozygous ebony body flies (ee) with homozygous wild type flies (++)
![Page 14: Even primitive organisms display principles of genetics.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649db15503460f94a9f575/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
There are four stages in the life cycle of a fruit fly.
![Page 15: Even primitive organisms display principles of genetics.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649db15503460f94a9f575/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Two days after emerging, a female can start laying eggs.
![Page 16: Even primitive organisms display principles of genetics.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649db15503460f94a9f575/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
It is extremely important that all adult flies be removed from a culture 8 to 12 hours before it is used for the selection of virgin
females.
![Page 17: Even primitive organisms display principles of genetics.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649db15503460f94a9f575/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
FlyNap will be used to anesthetize the fruit flies.
![Page 18: Even primitive organisms display principles of genetics.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649db15503460f94a9f575/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Lay the culture vial on its side while anesthetizing the flies.
![Page 19: Even primitive organisms display principles of genetics.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649db15503460f94a9f575/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Dip the wand into the FlyNap solution and rub off extra solution on the lip of the bottle.
![Page 20: Even primitive organisms display principles of genetics.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649db15503460f94a9f575/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Stick the anesthetic tip of the wand into the vial, just below the plug. Keep the vial on its side until
all the flies are anesthetized.
![Page 21: Even primitive organisms display principles of genetics.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649db15503460f94a9f575/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Immediately spill the flies onto a white card or piece of paper. You have up to 50 minutes to do
your examination.
![Page 22: Even primitive organisms display principles of genetics.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649db15503460f94a9f575/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Place flies in a row on the paper. Move them with a fine brush. Separate different kinds and sexes.
Place discarded flies into the morgue.
![Page 23: Even primitive organisms display principles of genetics.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649db15503460f94a9f575/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Dividing flies by type and sex
![Page 24: Even primitive organisms display principles of genetics.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649db15503460f94a9f575/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
A Fruit Fly morgue
![Page 25: Even primitive organisms display principles of genetics.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649db15503460f94a9f575/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Sexing FliesMales have a dark end to the abdomen and the
abdomen is more rounded.
![Page 26: Even primitive organisms display principles of genetics.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649db15503460f94a9f575/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Male – Female fly characteristics
![Page 27: Even primitive organisms display principles of genetics.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649db15503460f94a9f575/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Ventral posterior view of female and male fruit flies
![Page 28: Even primitive organisms display principles of genetics.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649db15503460f94a9f575/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Mating and CountingVials are labeled with characteristics of each
parent.6 virgins and 6 males are placed in a culture vial.
![Page 29: Even primitive organisms display principles of genetics.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649db15503460f94a9f575/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
7 to 10 days after a cross is started, remove the parents from the culture.
![Page 30: Even primitive organisms display principles of genetics.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649db15503460f94a9f575/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Review of Anesthetizing Fruit Flies
Anesthetizing Fruit Flies