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Evaluations Accompanying Introduction of Fuel Cell System

Kazuki MasakiHiroshi Hatsumi

Equipment Division, Water Purification Department, Yokohama Waterworks Bureau

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1. Introduction2. Issues with long-term power blackouts3. Details on fuel cell use4. Evaluation tests5. Results of evaluation tests6. Conclusion7. Plans from here on

Presentation Contents

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1. Introduction

Installing Fuel Cell Facilities into Radio Relay Stations- Already examples in Japan but a first in Yokohama

For that reason…

- Is power supply stable? - What is the fuel consumption like?

Implementing Evaluation Tests

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2. Issues with long-term power blackouts

- Uninterrupted power supply (UPS) during blackout is 4 hours- 3 or 4 hours before emergency workers arrive on scene

- Monitoring/control not possible- Communication about pressure and flowrate not possible- Swift recovery of water distribution becomes harder

If UPS runs out

Current Situation and Issues

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Damage Status at time of Great East Japan Earthquake

0100200300400500

停電戸数(福島、山形、宮城、秋田、岩手、青森)Homes

3 days needed to restore power after quake.

Status of Power Restoration at time of Earthquake

5 mln

4 mln

3 mln

2 mln

0.1mln

0

Graph1

41344

41345

41346

41347

41348

41349

停電戸数

停電戸数(福島、山形、宮城、秋田、岩手、青森)

480

220

130

80

60

60

Sheet1

停電戸数 テイデンコスウ

41344480

41345220

41346130

4134780

4134860

4134960

グラフのデータ範囲の大きさを変更するには、範囲の右下隅をドラッグしてください。

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Uninterrupted operation of equipment at time of disasters needs to be

strengthened

Introduction of a fuel cell system capable of supplying power for prolonged period of time

Based on such knowledge…

As a result…

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- More than 150 systems installed in major cities in Japan. - Systems introduced to radio relay stations from 2013 (NTT Docomo).

- Our systems are the first to be introduced in Yokohama.

3. Details of fuel cell use

Fuel cell system

Fuel Cell System Configuration

Fuel reformer

Fuel tank

Fuel cell stack

Vent

Fuel inlet

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Power Generation System

Air blower

Water/methanol solution

Fuel reformer

Hydrogen separator

Hydrogen tank

Burner

Fuel cell stack

Power supply

H2

O2

2H2+O2→ 2H2O

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Features of Fuel Cell SystemFeatures

1 Environmentally friendly power generation method

2 Low noise, compact system

3 Safe- Methanol diluted to 60% concentration is not deemed a dangerous substance.

4 Capable of providing prolonged power supply

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Fuel cells (4.5 kW)

AC/DCconvertor

startup batteries 2kVA(lithium ion)

DC/AC inverter

Commercial 100VAC

Commercial 100VAC

Power generation from fuel cells

Flow of Events in Switchover to Fuel Cell System

Power outage

startup batteries startUnder normal

conditions

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4. Evaluation tests

Purpose of evaluation testsSystem continuously operated for one hour and 15 hours - To confirm stable power supply - To confirm fuel consumption

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5. Results of evaluation tests

Voltage is supplied stably as fuel cell system’s output voltage waveform shows no disarray either after power failure or after recovery of power.

Power failure

Voltage

Recovery of power

Black: Commercial inputRed: Inverter output voltage

Current & Voltage Tests

Time (s) Time (s)

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Results of Current Test on 28 July (Power Failure)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Power failure at 11:30 am

Fuel cell power generation starts at

11:45 am

- After power failure, the output current of the fuel cell system was output from the startup batteries for about 15 minutes.

- After 15 minutes, power generation from fuel cell system took over to output current.

(1) Commercial input current (AC100V)(2) Current for starting fuel cell (DC)(3) Fuel cell current (DC)(4) Inverter output current (AC100V)

Current (A)

Time

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Results of Current Test on 28 July (Recovery of Power)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Recovery of power

Fuel cell powergeneration stops

After recovery of power, startup batteries start charging and fuel cell power generation stops.

(1) Commercial input current (AC100V)(2) Current for starting fuel cell (DC)(3) Fuel cell current (DC)(4) Inverter output current (AC100V)

Current (A)

Time

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87.5％75.0％

62.5%

0.0%10.0%20.0%30.0%40.0%50.0%60.0%70.0%80.0%90.0%

100.0%

15:1

516

:00

17:0

018

:00

19:0

020

:00

21:0

022

:00

23:0

00:

001:

002:

003:

004:

005:

006:

007:

008:

00

Fuel consumption

燃料消費量

Results of Fuel Consumption Test on 3rd and 4th of December

Fuel consumption time: 10 hrs 20 mins → 12.5% reduction

Normal situation: 82 hrs 40 mins of power generationDisaster situation: 40 hrs of power generation because of usage

frequency

At 19:45 pmAt 6:05 am Fuel consumption

Sheet1

15:1516:0017:0018:0019:0020:0021:0022:0023:000:001:002:003:004:005:006:007:008:00

87.5%87.5%87.5%87.5%87.5%75.0%75.0%75.0%75.0%75.0%75.0%75.0%75.0%75.0%75.0%62.5%62.5%62.5%

Fuel consumption

燃料消費量

87.5％

75.0％

62.5%

0.635416666666666630.666666666666666630.708333333333333040.750.791666666666666960.833333333333333370.8750.916666666666666630.9583333333333333704.1666666666666664E-28.3333333333333329E-20.1250.166666666666666660.208333333333333340.250.291666666666666690.333333333333333310.8750.8750.8750.8750.8750.750.750.750.750.750.750.750.750.750.750.6250.6250.625

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6. Conclusion1 Voltage test- Stable voltage output.

2 Current test- After power failure, normal operation maintained by power from

startup batteries- After recovery of power, power switches from fuel cell system to

commercial grid power

3 Fuel consumption- Power supplied for 82 hours and 40 minutes from just the fuel tank

4 Maintenance- After installation, system runs normally with no breakdowns- Maintenance is minimal and maintenance management costs

inexpensive

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7. Plans from here on

We will plan the following based on the results of the evaluation tests on the fuel cell system.

- Consideration of suitable facilities- Scheduled installing of fuel cell facilities

Upcoming installation schedule2017: Wireless station in Nishiya Purification Plant2018: Chemical store in Kosuzume Purification

Plant

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∗Thank you very much for listening.

Evaluations Accompanying Introduction of Fuel Cell SystemSlide Number 2Slide Number 3Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Slide Number 6Slide Number 7Slide Number 8Slide Number 9Slide Number 10Slide Number 11Slide Number 12Slide Number 13Slide Number 14Slide Number 15Results of Fuel Consumption Test on 3rd and 4th of December6. Conclusion7. Plans from here onSlide Number 19