EVALUATION OF MH FREE CHEMICALS FOR SUCKER CONTROL
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Transcript of EVALUATION OF MH FREE CHEMICALS FOR SUCKER CONTROL
EVALUATION OF MH FREE CHEMICALS FOR SUCKER
CONTROL
Gary Palmer, Bob Pearce & Andy Bailey
University of Kentucky
MH Free Tobacco - 2005
Trials were conducted in Jessamine County to study the mechanical application of sucker control chemicals that do not contain Maleic Hydrazide. Control has been well documented with methods that run Butralin, Flupro or Prime+ down the stalk. However, such methods are slower and labor intensive and not likely to be adopted by larger growers.
Spraying with Coarse Nozzles
Location Day Chemical Boom Nozzle Drought Sucker Control Comments
Home 16 Prime + Straight TG-3 LowFair-Poor
Two - Three 4-7" suckers in 1/2 of plants in top
Dodd 16 Butralin Straight TG-3 Moderate Good Occasional 4-7" sucker
Dodd 16 Prime + Straight TG-3 Moderate Good Occasional 4-7" sucker
Dodd 16 Butralin3
nozzleTG-3&TG-5
Low-Moderate Excellent Few suckers
Dodd 16 Prime + Straight TG-3 Moderate Good Occasional 4-7" sucker
MH Free Tobacco Trial
Location Day Chemical Boom Nozzle Drought Sucker Control Comments
Creek* 9 Prime + Straight TG-5
Moderate-
High GoodOccasional 4-7"
sucker
By-Pass 15
FA+ Flupro Straight TG-5 0-Low Poor
Two 5-9" in tops of most plants
By-Pass 15 Prime + Straight TG-5 0-Low Poor
Three or more suckers in tops of most plants
Shop 14 Prime + Straight TG-5 0-Low Fair
Two - Three 5-9" suckers in 1/3 of plants in top
MH Free Tobacco Trial
Summary - 2005
• Although initial results were encouraging, none of the treatments provide acceptable control in the end.
MH Free Tobacco - 20061) Chemicals Trial
2) Topping Study
No 1st Rate 2nd 7 days Rate 3rd 14 days Rate
1 Butralin 1 gal Butralin* 1 gal
2 Royaltac-M 2 gal Butralin 1 gal
3 Royaltac-M 2 gal Royal MH-30 1.5 gal
4 Royaltac-M 2 gal Royaltac-M 2 gal
5 Royaltac-M 2 galRoyaltac-M + Butralin
2 gal 1 gal
Treatment Initial 3 days
1 Normal Topping
2 High Top (8-10 leaf) Retop to Normal
3 Not Topped Top to Normal
* Not applied due to weather
MH Free Tobacco - 2006
3) Nozzle StudyNo. Size PSI MPH
1 3-4-3 25 2
2 5-5-5 25 4
3 5-6-5 30 4
All treatments were applied with a CO2 backpack with an over-the –shoulder two row boom. Plots were 40 ft by 2 rows (40” rows) in a randomized complete block design with four replications.
Comparison of Sucker Control Treatments on Degree of Control Harrison Co. - Ricci Rowland Farm
27.5
60
95
30
42.5
24
0
20
40
60
80
100
%
Butralin RTM fbBut
RTM fbMH
RTM fbRTM
RTM fbRTM+B
LSD
RTM=Royal Tac M, But=Butralin, MH= Royal MH-30, fb=followed by at 7 days
Comparison of Sucker Control
Treatments on Yield of Burley Tobacco Harrison Co. - Ricci Rowland Farm
324 332 341 357 370
1097 1135 1166 1146 1046
716 688 837 747 870223 367 253 261 327
53
308
190
185
28526132512259725222361
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Yie
ld l
b/A
RTM=Royal Tac M, But=Butralin, MH= Royal MH-30, fb=followed by at 7 days
MH Free Topping Study Harrison Co. - Ricci Rowland Farm
391581 612
1189 778 808
493481 485
312354 363
186
246
86
98
291226821942384
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
1 2 3 LSD
Yie
ld lb
/A TOTAL
TIPS
LEAF
LUGS
FLYINGS
TRT First Top Re-top
Sucker Control
Rating
1 Normal Topping None Fair 4.75
2 High Top (8-10" leaf) Re-top to Normal 3 days Moderate 4.5
3 Not Topped Top to Normal 3 days Poor 3.25
MH Free Nozzle Study Harrison Co. - Ricci Rowland Farm
357 316 323
12831141 1177
630745 692
397 340 477
121
255
147
136
387267025422667
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
1 2 3 LSD
Yie
ld lb
/A TOTAL
TIPS
LEAF
LUGS
FLYINGS
TRT Nozzle type PSI Speed
Rating
(0-10 best)
1 TG-3 – TG-4 – TG-3 30 2 mph 5
2 TG-5 – TG-5 – TG-5 25 4 mph 3
3 TG-5 – TG-6 – TG-5 25 4 mph 3
Summary - 2006
• Although initial results were encouraging, none of the treatments provide acceptable control in the end except for the one containing MH.
Sucker Control Trials - 2007
• The Regional Sucker Control Trials are conducted under the auspices of the Regional Growth Regulator Committee of the Tobacco Worker’s Conference. Treatments proposed by the committee were treatments 1-7. Treatment 8 was added for this study only.
Regional Sucker Control Treatments*
1st Treatment (Elongated Bud) 2nd Treatment (At topping – 10-25% bloom)
1 Untreated Check
2 Royal MH-30 (2 gal/a)
3 Royal MH-30 (1.5 gal/a)
4 Royal MH-30 (1.5 gal/a + Flupro 0.5 gal/a)
5 Royal MH-30 (1.5 gal/a + Butralin 0.5 gal/a)
6 Off-shoot T (3%) Off-shoot T (4%) + Butralin (0.5 gal/a)
7 Butralin (1 gal/a)
8 Off-shoot T (3%) Off-shoot T (4%) +Butralin (1 gal/a)
* 60 gal/a at 2.4 mph and 30 psi using a West Texas Lee high clearance sprayerTreatments were scheduled for 5 days apart but were applied 7 days apart due to weather.
Treatment 8 was added to the RSC treatments.
Comparison of Sucker Control Treatments at Two Weeks after Application
UK Spindletop Farm
0
45
96.25 10091.25
60
77.5
32
81.25
0
20
40
60
80
100
%
(MH= Royal MH-30, F=Flupro, B=Butralin,) in (gal) O=Off-Shoot-T in (%), UTC=untreated check, fb=followed by at 7 days. *=Sprayer malfunctioned
The Effects of Sucker Treatment on Sucker Number per Plant
UK Spindletop Farm
6.875
3.425
0.4 0.35 0.3
2.1
0.675
1.94
0.675
0
2
4
6
8
10Suckers/Plant
(MH= Royal MH-30, F=Flupro, B=Butralin,) in (gal) O=Off-Shoot-T in (%),
UTC=untreated check fb=followed by at 7 days. *=Sprayer malfunctioned
The Effects of Sucker Treatment on Sucker Weight
UK Spindletop Farm
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
(g)
Wt/plt 522.5 216.62 9.38 3.87 6.38 92.13 182.38 77.38 164.86
Wt/Sucker 76.68 38.25 18.13 20.4 14.85 162 84.38 101.83 53.46
UTC MH2* MH1.5MH1.5
F.5MH1.5
B.5O3fbO4
B.5B1
O3fbO4 B1
LSD
(MH= Royal MH-30, F=Flupro, B=Butralin,) in (gal) O=Off-Shoot-T in (%),
UTC=untreated check, fb=followed by at 7 days. *=Sprayer malfunctioned
The Effects of Sucker Treatment on Yield
UK Spindletop Farm
Summary
• A sprayer malfunction produced results that were not characteristic of the past performance of MH at 2 gal/a.
• Treatments 3 (MH at 1.5 gal/a), 4 (MH at 1.5 gal/a + Flupro at 0.5 gal/a), & 5 (MH at 1.5 gal/a + Butralin at 0.5 gal/a) were all excellent treatments.
• Both the Off-shoot T followed by Off-shoot T + Butralin at 0.5 gal/a & Off-shoot T followed by Off-shoot T + Butralin at 1 gal/a were acceptable, but not as clean as MH containing treatments 3-5.
• Butralin at 1 gal/a by itself was as good as when Off-shoot T was added.
MH Free Trials - 2007
• All Treatments were made with a West Texas Lee high clearance sprayer using a three nozzle arrangement in a TG-3 – TG-5 – TG-3 configuration and an application volume of 60 gal/a. Applicator speed was 2.4 mph at 30 psi. Plots were 30 ft by 2 rows (42” rows) in a randomized
complete block design with four replications.
MH Free Trails Treatments
1st Treatment (Elongated Bud)
2nd Treatment At topping ( 10-25% bloom)
3rd Treatment5 days post top
1 Off-Shoot T 3% Off-Shoot T 4% Butralin 1
2 Off-Shoot T 4% Off-Shoot T 4% Butralin 1
3 Off-Shoot T 4% Butralin 1
4 Off-Shoot T 4% Off-Shoot T 4%+Butralin 1
5 Off-Shoot T 4% Off-Shoot T 4%+Butralin 1 Butralin 1
6 Off-Shoot T 4% Flupro 1 Butralin 1
7 Off-Shoot T 4% Butralin 1 Butralin 1
8 Off-Shoot T 4% Royal MH 1.5
9 Off-Shoot T 4% Butralin 0.5+Royal MH1.5
10 Untreated Check
* 60 gal/a at 2.4 mph and 30 psi using a West Texas Lee high clearance sprayerTreatments were applied 5 days apart
MH Free TrialsComparison of Sucker Control Treatments
UK Coldstream Farm
89.596.5
9095.75 99.75 93.5 100 100
05.83
97.75
0
20
40
60
80
100
%
(MH= Royal MH-30, F=Flupro, B=Butralin,) in (gal) O=Off-Shoot-T in (%),
UTC=untreated check (-) followed by at 5 days.
MH Free TrialsThe Effects of Sucker Treatment
on Sucker Number per Plant UK Coldstream Farm
1.630.54 0.96 0.75
0.08 0.38 0.00 0.00
5.63
1.99
0.210.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00Suckers/Plant
(MH= Royal MH-30, F=Flupro, B=Butralin,) in (gal)
UTC=untreated check O=Off-Shoot-T in (%), (-) followed by at 5 days
MH Free TrialsThe Effects of Sucker Treatment
on Sucker Weight UK Coldstream Farm
0
100
200
300
(g)
Wt/plt 97.3 17.5 47.5 48.8 1.9 13.8 13.3 0.0 0.0 300.0 69.9
Wt/Sucker 63.8 37.5 43.9 36.2 5.6 61.7 34.4 0.0 0.0 63.6 49.2
O3-O4-B1
O4-O4-B1
O4-B1O4-
O4+B1
O4-O4+B1-
B1
O4-F1-B1
O4-B1-B1
O4-MH1.5
O4-B1+MH
1.5UTC
LSD 0.05
(MH= Royal MH-30, F=Flupro, B=Butralin,) in (gal) O=Off-Shoot-T in (%),
UTC=untreated check, (-) followed by at 5 days.
MH Free Trials: The Effects of Sucker Treatment on Sucker Weight
UK Coldstream Farm
(MH= Royal MH-30, F=Flupro, B=Butralin,) in (gal) O=Off-Shoot-T in (%),
UTC=untreated check, (-) followed by at 5 days.
Summary
• Treatments with MH produced 100% control• Results from Off-shoot T at 4% followed by a tank mix of
Off-shoot T + Butralin at 1 gal/a followed by Butralin at 1 gal/a were close to those containing MH.
• Results from the above treatment were not statistically better than
– Off-shoot T at 4% fb Off-shoot T 4% fb Butralin 1– Off-shoot T at 4% fb Off-shoot T 4% + Butralin 1– Off-shoot T at 4% fb Flupro 1 fb Butralin 1– Off-shoot T at 4% fb Butralin 1 fb Butralin 1
• A 3% concentration of Off-shoot T applied before topping did not perform as well as a 4% concentration.
MH-Free Nozzle Study - 2007
• Application technique changed a MH-Free sucker control program from unsuccessful to successful. Nozzle size was studied as part of the overall application technique trial. While a rundown method is known to work successfully, mechanical application has proven difficult to achieve acceptable results. All treatments were applied with a CO2 backpack with an over-the –shoulder two row boom with a TG-(3-5-3) arrangement. Plots were 40 ft by 2 rows (42” rows) in a randomized complete block design with four replications.
• Treatments consisted of 4% Off-shoot T at elongated bud followed by a combination of Off-shoot T at 4 % plus Butralin at 1 gal /a.
MH-Free Nozzle Study Treatments
Nozzles Arrangement PSI MPH Gal
1 TG-3 - TG-5 - TG-3 30 2 60
2 TG-3 - TG-5 - TG-3 30 3 50
3 TG-5 - TG-5 - TG-5 30 3 60
4 TG-5 - TG-6 - TG-5 30 3 60
All treatments were applied with a CO2 backpack with an over-the –shoulder two row boom. Plots were 40 ft by 2 rows (42” rows) in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Treatments consisted of 4% Off-shoot T at elongated bud followed by a combination of Off-shoot T at 4 % plus Butralin at 1 gal /a.
Effects of Nozzle Size on Sucker Control
All Nozzles were TG full cone nozzles
Effects of Nozzle Size on Sucker per Plant
0.225 0.2 0.1750.125 0.147
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
3-5-3 (60) 3-5-3 (50) 5-5-5 (60) 5-6-5 (60) LSD 0.05
Nozzles (Gal/a)
Suckers per Plant
All Nozzles were TG full cone nozzles
Summary
• Yields are not yet available• Percent control and suckers per plant were not
significantly different
Acknowledgement• Financial Support
– Chemtura Corporation
• Establishment, Plot Maintenance, Data Collection– Dr. Bob Pearce & Edwin Ritchie
• Treatments– Interns: Austin Perkins & Keith Johnson
• Equipment– Dr. Kenny Seebold