Evaluating Mixing of RAP and New Binders in Plant MixesAASHTO M323 Design Guidance • Combined New...
Transcript of Evaluating Mixing of RAP and New Binders in Plant MixesAASHTO M323 Design Guidance • Combined New...
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Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC
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Evaluating Mixing of RAP and New Binders in Plant Mixes
Ramon Bonaquist, Ph.D., P.E.Chief Operating Officer
Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC
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Results From Recent Laboratory Efforts• Evaluate Plant Produced Mixtures
– RAP Contents of 25 % or More– 5% Recycled Asphalt Shingles
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Acknowledgements• Agencies
– Maryland State Highway Administration– Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
• Suppliers/Producers– NuStar Asphalt Refining, LLC– Aggregate Industries – Edgemoor Materials of Maryland, Inc.– F.O. Day Company, Inc.– Independence Construction Materials– Reliable Contracting Company, Inc.
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AASHTO M323 Design Guidance
• Combined New and RAP Aggregates– Gradation– Angularity– Flat and Elongated
• Binder Grade Changes– < 15 % RAP, no grade change– 15 -25 % RAP, use one grade softer– > 25 % RAP, use blending chart
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Issues
• AASHTO M323 Recommendations Assume Complete Mixing of New and Recycled Binder
• AASHTO M323 Does Not Address RAS Binders– Blending Chart Analysis Not Applicable– Much Different Rheology than Paving Binders
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Mixture Homogenity
• How Well Does the RAP/RAS Binder Mix with the New Binder?– Black Rock– Complete Mixing
• Process Specific– Plant Type– Plant Operations– RAP/RAS Processing
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One Tool
• Dynamic Modulus – Test Is Highly Sensitive to
Binder Stiffness• Assess Degree of Mixing of
New and Recycled Binders
– Relatively Easy to Perform with the Asphalt Mixture Performance Tester (f.k.a. SPT)
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Simple Performance Test System
• Rugged– 5 Years in FHWA
Mobile Asphalt Lab• Technician Friendly
– Automated Testing Cell– Easy to Install
Instrumentation– Standard Software
• Testing and Analysis• Data Quality
• Reasonable Cost
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How?• Perform Dynamic Modulus Tests on Plant
Produced Mixture– Plant Mixed Condition
• Recover Binder, Test and Estimate Dynamic Modulus Using Predictive Model– Fully Blended Condition
• Compare Measured and Estimated Mixture Modulus
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Mix Modulus Testing
• Representative Plant Mixture• AMPT Modulus Master Curve
Procedure– Replicate Specimens
PG 58-XX and softer PG 64-XX & PG 70-XX PG 76 –XX and stifferTemperature°C
LoadingFrequenciesHz
Temperature°C
LoadingFrequenciesHz
Temperature°C
LoadingFrequenciesHz
4 10, 1, 0.1 4 10, 1, 0.1 4 10, 1, 0.120 10, 1, 0.1 20 10, 1, 0.1 20 10, 1, 0.135 10, 1, 0.1,
and 0.0140 10, 1, 0.1,
and 0.0145 10, 1, 0.1,
and 0.01
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Recovered Binder Testing
• Partial Master Curve– Frequency Sweep 0.1 to 100 rad/sec– 10, 22, 34, and 46 °C
• Christensen Anderson Model2log2log
1)(*
R
R
r
cgGG
−
⎥⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛+=
ωω
ω
where:G*(ω) = complex shear modulusGg = glass modulus assumed equal to 1GPaωr = reduced frequency at the reference temperature, rad/secωc = cross over frequency at the reference, rad/secR = rheological index
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Example Partial Master Curve
1.E+00
1.E+02
1.E+04
1.E+06
1.E+08
1.E+10
1.E-04 1.E-02 1.E+00 1.E+02 1.E+04
Reduced Frequency at Tr (20°C), rad/sec
G*,
Pa10°C 22°C 34°C 46°C Model
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Hirsch Model
⎥⎥⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
+⎟⎠⎞
⎜⎝⎛ −
−+⎥
⎦
⎤⎢⎣
⎡⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎝
⎛+⎟
⎠⎞
⎜⎝⎛ −=
binder
cbindercmix
GVFAVMA
VMAPVMAxVFAGVMAPE
|*|3000,200,4100
1
1000,10
|*|3100
1000,200,4|*|
where:
58.0
58.0
|*|3650
|*|320
⎟⎠⎞
⎜⎝⎛+
⎟⎠⎞
⎜⎝⎛ +
=
VMAGxVFA
VMAGxVFA
Pbinder
binder
c
VMA = Voids in mineral aggregates, %VFA = Voids filled with asphalt, %|G*|binder = shear complex modulus of binder, psi
Binder Modulus and Mix Volumetrics
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Good Mixing
1
10
100
1000
10000
4 C
, 10
Hz
4 C
, 1 H
z
4 C
, 0.1
Hz
20 C
, 10
Hz
20 C
, 1 H
z
20 C
, 0.1
Hz
40 C
, 10
Hz
40 C
, 1 H
z
40 C
, 0.1
Hz
Testing Condition
Dyn
amic
Mod
ulus
, ksi
Measured Estimated for Complete Mixing
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Poor Mixing
1
10
100
1000
10000
4 C
, 10
Hz
4 C
, 1 H
z
4 C
, 0.1
Hz
20 C
, 10
Hz
20 C
, 1 H
z
20 C
, 0.1
Hz
40 C
, 10
Hz
40 C
, 1 H
z
40 C
, 0.1
Hz
Testing Condition
Dyn
amic
Mod
ulus
, ksi
Measured Estimated for Complete Mixing
![Page 16: Evaluating Mixing of RAP and New Binders in Plant MixesAASHTO M323 Design Guidance • Combined New and RAP Aggregates ... chart . Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050206/5f59550912ea16290b732414/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
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Estimate Effective Binder Grade
• Measure Dynamic Modulus of Plant Mixture
• Solve Hirsch Model Backward to Determine the Modulus of the Binder
• Compare to PG Grade Requirements
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Hirsch Model
⎥⎥⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
+⎟⎠⎞
⎜⎝⎛ −
−+⎥
⎦
⎤⎢⎣
⎡⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎝
⎛+⎟
⎠⎞
⎜⎝⎛ −=
binder
cbindercmix
GVFAVMA
VMAPVMAxVFAGVMAPE
|*|3000,200,4100
1
1000,10
|*|3100
1000,200,4|*|
where:
58.0
58.0
|*|3650
|*|320
⎟⎠⎞
⎜⎝⎛+
⎟⎠⎞
⎜⎝⎛ +
=
VMAGxVFA
VMAGxVFA
Pbinder
binder
c
VMA = Voids in mineral aggregates, %VFA = Voids filled with asphalt, %|G*|binder = shear complex modulus of binder, psi
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Standard Grades
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
1.0E-03 1.0E-01 1.0E+01 1.0E+03 1.0E+05 1.0E+07
Reduced Frequency at 20 C, rad/sec
Bin
der G
*, kP
a PG 64-22PG70-22
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RAP Mix 1
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
1.0E-03 1.0E-01 1.0E+01 1.0E+03 1.0E+05 1.0E+07
Reduced Frequency at 20 C, rad/sec
Bin
der G
*, kP
a
PG 64-22PG70-22From Mixture
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RAP Mix 2
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
1.0E-03 1.0E-01 1.0E+01 1.0E+03 1.0E+05 1.0E+07
Reduced Frequency at 20 C, rad/sec
Bin
der G
*, kP
a
PG 64-22PG70-22From Mixture
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Summary
• Mixture Design Assumes Complete Mixing of RAP and New Binders– How do you design for 50% mixing?
• Production QC Must Address Mixing– Increasing Importance as Recycled Binder
Content Increases– Recycled Binder Stiffness Increases
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Summary
• Dynamic Modulus Provides A Tool• HMA Producers
– Evaluate Process to Improve Mixing• Fractionation• Plant Mixing Times• Post Mixing Storage
• Agencies– Accept Producers Process– Approach to Estimating Binder Grade Without
Extraction Extraction/Recovery
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Questions?