EV CNLESE904016 FMTP - hmhco.com
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(t) ©Michael Melford/Getty Images; (c) ©Charlotte Main/Photo Researchers, Inc.; (b) ©Earth Imaging/Stone/Getty Images UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE CHAPTER 1 SCIENCE AND THE ENVIRONMENT 4 1 Understanding Our Environment 5 Case Study Dam Removal on the Penobscot River 12 2 The Environment and Society 16 Making a Difference Predators of Africa 22 CHAPTER SUMMARY AND REVIEW 24 Chapter Lab Field Activity What’s in an Ecosystem? 28 CHAPTER 2 TOOLS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 30 1 Scientific Methods 31 2 Statistics and Models 38 3 Making Informed Decisions 45 Case Study Saving the Everglades: Making Informed Decisions 46 Maps in Action A Topographic Map of Keene, New Hampshire 50 Society and the Environment Bats and Bridges 51 CHAPTER SUMMARY AND REVIEW 52 Chapter Lab Data Analysis Risk Assessment 56 CHAPTER 3 THE DYNAMIC EARTH 58 1 The Geosphere 59 2 The Atmosphere 67 3 The Hydrosphere and Biosphere 73 Case Study Storm Surge, Tsunamis, and Coastal Wetlands 74 Maps in Action Earthquake Hazard Map of the Contiguous United States 82 Society and the Environment Ocean Currents 83 CHAPTER SUMMARY AND REVIEW 84 Chapter Lab Simulation Beaches 88 EARTH SCIENCE CONNECTION — This content correlates to common Earth Science standards. xii Contents CONTENTS
Transcript of EV CNLESE904016 FMTP - hmhco.com
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Unit1 introdUctiontoEnvironmEntalSciEncE
Chapter1 SciEncEandthEEnvironmEnt 4 1 Understanding Our Environment 5 CaseStudy Dam Removal on the Penobscot River 12 2 The Environment and Society 16 MakingaDifference Predators of Africa 22
ChapterSuMMaryanDreview 24
ChapterLab Field ActivityWhat’s in an Ecosystem? 28
Chapter2 toolSoFEnvironmEntalSciEncE 30 1 Scientific Methods 31 2 Statistics and Models 38 3 Making Informed Decisions 45 CaseStudy Saving the Everglades:
Making Informed Decisions 46 Mapsinaction A Topographic Map of Keene,
New Hampshire 50 Societyandthe environment Bats and Bridges 51
ChapterSuMMaryanDreview 52
ChapterLab Data AnalysisRisk Assessment 56
Chapter3 thEdynamicEarth 58 1 The Geosphere 59 2 The Atmosphere 67 3 The Hydrosphere and Biosphere 73 CaseStudy Storm Surge, Tsunamis, and Coastal Wetlands 74 Mapsinaction Earthquake Hazard Map of the
Contiguous United States 82 Societyandthe environment Ocean Currents 83
ChapterSuMMaryanDreview 84
ChapterLab SimulationBeaches 88
EarthSciEncEconnEction—thiscontentcorrelatestocommonearthSciencestandards.
xii Contents
CONTENTS
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Unit2 Ecology
Chapter4 thEorganizationoFliFE 92 1 Ecosystems: Everything Is Connected 93 2 Evolution 97 CaseStudy Darwin’s Finches 98 3 The Diversity of Living Things 102 MakingaDifference Butterfly Ecologist 108
ChapterSuMMaryanDreview 110
ChapterLab Behavior AnalysisHow Do Brine Shrimp Select a Habitat? 114
Chapter5 howEcoSyStEmSwork 116 1 Energy Flow in Ecosystems 117 CaseStudy DDT in an Aquatic Food Chain 120 2 The Cycling of Matter 124 3 How Ecosystems Change 129 CaseStudy Communities Maintained by Fire 130 Mapsinaction Tracking Bats and Insects in Texas 134 Societyandthe environment Changing Seas 135
ChapterSuMMaryanDreview 136
ChapterLab Data AnalysisFactors That Influence Ecosystems 140
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Chapter6 biomES 142 1 What Is a Biome? 143 2 Forest Biomes 146 CaseStudy Deforestation, Climate, and Floods 150 3 Grassland, Desert, and Tundra Biomes 155 Makinga Difference A Little Piece of Cajun Prairie 164
ChapterSuMMaryanDreview 166
ChapterLab Field ActivityIdentify Your Local Biome 170
Chapter7 aqUaticEcoSyStEmS 172 1 Freshwater Ecosystems 173 2 Marine Ecosystems 179 CaseStudy Restoration of the Chesapeake Bay 180 Mapsinaction Wetlands in the United States, 1780s vs. 1980s 186 Societyandthe environment Hurricane Katrina and New Orleans 187
ChapterSuMMaryanDreview 188
ChapterLab ObservationEutrophication: Too Much of a Good Thing? 192
EarthSciEncEconnEction—thiscontentcorrelatestocommonearthSciencestandards.
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Unit3 PoPUlationS
Chapter8 UndErStandingPoPUlationS 196 1 How Populations Change in Size 197 2 How Species Interact with Each Other 203 CaseStudy Predator-Prey Adaptations 206 Societyandthe environment Conserving Top Predators 210
ChapterSuMMaryanDreview 212
ChapterLab ObservationCalculating Generation Rate 216
Chapter9 thEhUmanPoPUlation 218 1 Studying Human Populations 219 2 Changing Population Trends 225 CaseStudy Thailand’s Population Challenges 228 Mapsinaction Fertility Rates and Female Literacy in Africa 232 Societyandthe environment Lost Populations: What Happened? 233
ChapterSuMMaryanDreview 234
ChapterLab Data AnalysisHow Will Our Population Grow? 238
Chapter10 biodivErSity 240 1 What Is Biodiversity? 241 2 Biodiversity at Risk 245 CaseStudy A Genetic Gold Rush in the Rain Forests 248 3 The Future of Biodiversity 252 MakingaDifference Dr. E. O. Wilson: Champion of Biodiversity 258
ChapterSuMMaryanDreview 260
ChapterLab Field ActivityDifferences in Diversity 264
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Unit4 watEr,air,andland
Chapter11 watEr 268 1 Water Resources 269 CaseStudy The Ogallala Aquifer: An Underground Treasure 272 2 Water Use and Management 276 3 Water Pollution 284 pointsofview The Three Gorges Dam 294
ChapterSuMMaryanDreview 296
ChapterLab SimulationGroundwater Filters 300
Chapter12 air 302 1 What Causes Air Pollution? 303 2 Air, Noise, and Light Pollution 309 CaseStudy The Health Effects of Ground-Level Ozone 310 3 Acid Precipitation 314 Mapsinaction Light Sources 318 Societyandthe environment Killer Smog 319
ChapterSuMMaryanDreview 320
ChapterLab SimulationThe Acid Test 324
Chapter13 atmoSPhErEandclimatEchangE 326 1 Climate 327 CaseStudy Ice Cores: Reconstructing Past Climates 330 2 The Ozone Shield 335 3 Climate Change 339 Makinga Difference Climate Scientist 346
ChapterSuMMaryanDreview 348
ChapterLab Environmental EngineeringBuild a Model of Global Air Movement 352
EarthSciEncEconnEction—thiscontentcorrelatestocommonearthSciencestandards.
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Chapter14 land 354 1 How We Use Land 355 2 Urban Land Use 358 3 Land Management and Conservation 363 CaseStudy Conservation Planning 366 Makinga Difference Restoring the Range 370
ChapterSuMMaryanDreview 372
ChapterLab ModelingCreating a Land-Use Model 376
Chapter15 FoodandagricUltUrE 378 1 Feeding the World 379 2 Crops and Soil 384 3 Animals and Agriculture 395 CaseStudy Menhaden: The Fish Behind the Farm 396 pointsofview Genetically Modified Foods 400
ChapterSuMMaryanDreview 402
ChapterLab SimulationManaging the Moisture in Garden Soil 406
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Chapter16 miningandminEralrESoUrcES 410 1 Minerals and Mineral Resources 411 2 Mineral Exploration and Mining 415 CaseStudy Hydraulic Mining in the California Goldfields 418 3 Mining Regulations and Mine Reclamation 421 Mapsinaction Mineral Production in the United States 426 Societyandthe environment Gold from Ghana 427
ChapterSuMMaryanDreview 428
ChapterLab ObservationExtraction of Copper from Its Ore 432
Chapter17 nonrEnEwablEEnErgy 434 1 Energy Resources and Fossil Fuels 435 CaseStudy The "Gas" Rush—Deep Hydraulic Fracturing 440 2 Nuclear Energy 444 pointsofview Pipelines and Oil Sands 448
ChapterSuMMaryanDreview 454
ChapterLab Data AnalysisYour Household Energy Consumption 454
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Chapter18 rEnEwablEEnErgy 456 1 Renewable Energy Today 457 CaseStudy A Super-Efficient Home 458 2 Developing Energy Technologies 466 Mapsinaction Wind Power in the United States 472 Societyandthe environment Solar Living 473
ChapterSuMMaryanDreview 474
ChapterLab ModelingBlowing in the Wind 478
Chapter19 waStE 480 1 Solid Waste 481 2 Reducing Solid Waste 488 CaseStudy Paper or Plastic? 490 3 Hazardous Waste 493 CaseStudy Green Chemistry 496 pointsofview How Should Nuclear Waste Be Stored? 500
ChapterSuMMaryanDreview 502
ChapterLab Data AnalysisOut of Sight—Out of Mind 506
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Unit6 oUrhEalthandoUrFUtUrE
Chapter20 thEEnvironmEntandhUmanhEalth 510 1 Pollution and Human Health 511 CaseStudy Chemicals That Disrupt Hormones 516 2 Biological Hazards 519 Mapsinaction Lyme Disease Risk 524 Societyandthe environment Water Challenges 525
ChapterSuMMaryanDreview 526
ChapterLab Data AnalysisLead Poisoning and Mental Ability 530
Chapter21 EconomicS,Policy,andthEFUtUrE 532 1 Economics and International Cooperation 533 CaseStudy Saving Species in the Open Ocean 536 2 Environmental Policies in the United States 539 3 The Importance of the Individual 544 MakingaDifference Get Involved with the Environment 548
ChapterSuMMaryanDreview 550
ChapterLab ResearchBe an Environmental Scientist 554
StUdEntrESoUrcES AppendixA Lab Safety R2 AppendixB Field Studies R6 AppendixC Note-Taking and Study Skills R12 AppendixD Math Skills Refresher R18 AppendixE Chemistry Refresher R24 AppendixF Mineral Uses R28 AppendixG Economics Concepts R30 AppendixH SI Conversions R32 AppendixI Environmental Careers R33 AppendixJ Ecoskills R45 AppendixK Maps R56
English and Spanish Glossary R72 Index R92
EarthSciEncEconnEction—thiscontentcorrelatestocommonearthSciencestandards.
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