Eutrophication

Manish Kr. SemwalManish Kr. Semwal

GMIS, JakartaGMIS, Jakarta

DefinitionDefinition

• Eutrophication is a process whereby water bodies, such as lakes, estuaries, or slow-moving streams receive excess nutrients that stimulate excessive plant growth (algae, periphyton attached algae, and nuisance plants weeds). This enhanced plant growth, often called an algal bloom, reduces dissolved oxygen in the water when dead plant material decomposes and can cause other organisms to die. Nutrients can come from many sources, such as fertilizers applied to agricultural fields, golf courses, and suburban lawns; deposition of nitrogen from the atmosphere; erosion of soil containing nutrients; and sewage treatment plant discharges. Water with a low concentration of dissolved oxygen is called hypoxic.

EutrophicationEutrophication

EtrophicationEtrophication

Process of EutrophicationProcess of Eutrophication

What Can happen?What Can happen?

AlgaeAlgae

AlgaeAlgae

Examples of Water PollutionExamples of Water Pollution

• Industrial PollutionWater is discharged from after having been used in production processes. This waste water may contain acids, alkalis, salts, poisons, oils and in some cases harmful bacteria.

• Mining and Agricultural WastesMines, especially gold and coal mines, are responsible for large quantities of acid water. Agricultural pesticides, fertilizers and herbicides may wash into rivers and stagnant water bodies.

• Sewage Disposal and Domestic WastesSewage as well as domestic and farm wastes were often allowed to pollute rivers and dams.

AlgaeAlgae

Pollution in waterPollution in water

Impact of EutrophicationImpact of Eutrophication

• Include death of aerobic organisms,

• increased turbidity,

• loss of macrophytes,

• reduction in length of food chains and loss of species diversity.

Pollution Management StrategiesPollution Management Strategies

• Altering the human activity producing pollution can be exemplified by alternative methods of enhancing crop growth, alternative detergents, and so on.

• Regulating and reducing pollutants at the point of emission can be illustrated by sewage treatment processes that remove nitrates and phosphates from the waste.

• Clean-up and restoration can be exemplified by pumping mud from eutrophic lakes and reintroducing plant and fish species

Algae ModelAlgae Model

Thank You

Manish Kr. Semwal

GMIS, Jakarta