Europeans set Sail - Mater Academy Lakes High School€¦ · THE VIKINGS •Viking Age: 780 –1150...
Transcript of Europeans set Sail - Mater Academy Lakes High School€¦ · THE VIKINGS •Viking Age: 780 –1150...
Europeans Set Sail
• Early humans first reached what is today the “Americas” by walking on the
Bering Land Bridge during the Last Ice Age.
THE VIKINGS • Viking Age: 780 – 1150 AD
• Dominated area of Scandinavia: Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, and
Iceland.
• Sea faring, warrior culture; but also farmers and large communities.
• 1st Europeans to reach what is today the “Americas”
Vikings Reach North America • Vikings were sea faring peoples who had settled in
northern Europe, settlements from Iceland may have
visited North America.
• Leif Eriksson – 1000 AD May be the first Viking to
reach North America, explored parts of Canada and
Northeastern U.S.
Why was Portugal an Ideal Place to Begin European Sea Exploration?
Geographic location
•Western edge of the Iberian Peninsula
•Good access to the Atlantic Ocean &
Mediterranean Sea
PORTUGAL &
SPAIN
Prince Henry The Navigator• 1394 – 1460 AD
• The third Son of the Portuguese king John I and
responsible for the early development of
Portuguese exploration and maritime trade with
other continents through the systematic
exploration of Western Africa, the islands of the
Atlantic Ocean, and the search for new routes.
• Founded an observatory and school of navigation
during 1400’s
• Henry is regarded as t he patron of Portuguese
exploration.
CARAVEL
• New Technology
• Small but sturdy ship that was
first built in the 1400’s
• Triangular sails enabled it to sail
into the wind
• Large Rutter allowed for quick
movements
• Rounded hauls handled high
seas
Compass - a device that can tell you direction of N,S,E,W
A compass uses mastics to show these directions on earth.
Why Did Europeans Want To ‘Explore’? 3 G’s
Kings would finance exploration – “For King and Country”
•God – to spread Christianity around
the world.
•Gold – to collect gold and riches found
in other nations.
•Glory – to expand the power of their
empire and claim new territories.
BARTOLOMEU DIAS1451 – 1500 AD
• Portuguese nobleman and explorer.
• In 1488, sailed around the African West Coast
down to the bottom tip of Africa and reaching
the Indian Ocean from the Atlantic, the first
European known to have done so.
• First to sail to bottom of Africa, named it the
“Cape of Good Hope”
VASCO DA GAMA 1460- 1524 AD
• A Portuguese explorer and the first
European to reach India by sea.
• First voyage in 1497, reached India
and made Portugal the first nation to
connect with Asia by sea.
• Governed a small colony in India.
• Traveled along the West Coast of
Africa and around the bottom
reaching the Indian ocean and the
Eastern Coast.
Portugal @
Sea
Dias
1487 – 1488
Da Gama
1497 – 1498
Consequences Of Exploration
• Created a new route for trade between Africa, Asia,
and Europe
• Expanded the European knowledge of the Earth and
its land.
• Spread the growth of Christianity to new continents.
• Enabled the slave trade in Africa.
Christopher Columbus • Convinces the King & Queen of Spain
to fund his voyage.
- Promised them God, Gold, & Glory -
• Wanted to prove he could find a NEW
route to Asia by sailing West into
uncharted ocean.
• Set sail on August 3, 1492 with 3 ships
La Nina, La Pinta, & La Santa Maria.
• Reached land on October 12, 1492 on
an Island in the Caribbean.
• Thought he landed in Asia, so name
natives there “Indians”
A New World - What Next?
• A New Era begins as the race for
exploration begins, with Spain upfront.
• Line of Demarcation – set up to
divide area that can be claimed by
Spain.
• Other countries, like Portugal, wanted
more area to be able to claim – so to
avoid conflict the Treaty of
Tordesillas moved the Line of
Demarcation further west.
Amerigo Vespucci
• Led a Spanish Fleet touring the coast of South America.
• Was SURE that this ‘New World’ was NOT Asia.
• Continents named America in his honor.
FERDINAND MAGELLAN • A Portuguese navigator, sailed a Spanish fleet around the coast of South America.
• They continued into the Pacific past south and eventually reached the Indian Ocean.
• Magellan was Killed in a Battles in the Philippines during the voyage – but once the
remaining ships reached Spain, they were the FIRST to Circumnavigate the globe.
COLOMBIAN EXCHANGE The trade and ‘exchange’ of goods from the Americas to Europe, Asia, & Africa
and BACK.
Hernan Cortes
• The Spanish sent Conquistadors to the
New World to lead military expeditions,
collecting on the riches of the New world.
• Cortes came to the Americas around
1504, establishing a settlement in Cuba
for a time.
• Cortes landed in Central America and
encountered the Aztec Empire.
• Cortes was impressed by the city of the
Aztec, but wanted a way to take over –
1520 AD
• He partnered with other rival tribes and
was able to overwhelm the capitol and
take over.
Francisco Pizarro
• a Spanish conquistador who
led an expedition to South
America that conquered the
Inca Empire.
• At first, he was unsuccessful a
few times in his attempts due
to weather and war.
• He captured and killed Incan
emperor Atahualpa, and
claimed the lands for Spain.
Conquering the New World
• Conquistadors saw themselves at a
disadvantage when it came to
confronting the native empires with
force, since they had less men.
• They used tactics like partnering with
rivals tribes and capturing the Emperor
to overcome the empires.
• Advanced weapons, Armor, and the
spread disease helped in the conquest
of the Empires of the Americas.
• The Spanish economy was based
mainly on mining gold and silver.
Death of Native AmericansThe various Native populations
experienced high death rates
due to:
• War & Conflict with Europeans
• Forced Labor & Slavery
• Disease
Spanish Settlements • Pueblos – a town, serving as center of
government and trade.
• Missions – places of worship started
by priests to convert Natives to
Christianity.
• Presidos – A military base to protect
pueblos and missions.
Treatment Of Natives • Encomienda System – Gave Spanish settlers the right to
tax local Native Americans or make them work. In return,
the settlers were supposed to convert the Natives to
Christianity and offer protection.
• Natives still forced into Labor, most times into Slavery.
• Spanish would put natives to work in plantations and
anything else they needed.
EUROPE IS CHANGING • 1450 – Gutenberg Printing Press
• 1517 – Martin Luther
• 1588 – English Defeat the Spanish Armada
PROTESTANT REFORMATION
• In Germany, Martin Luther began a trend
that turned in a rebellion against the
Catholic church all over Europe.
• Protestants were reformers who protested
some of the practices of the Catholic
church at the time.
• The reformation quickly spread through
out Europe and soon captivated the entire
continent.
NORTH-WEST PASSAGE • Europeans wanted to find a water that connected the Atlantic and Pacific through
North America.
• Sent out Various explorers to search for the route, none successful.
Jacques Cartier
• A French sailor, led Frances exploration of
North America around present day Canada
– came in through the St. Lawrence River.
• Claimed territory around present day
Montreal for France.
• Established communication with Tribes in
area, Hurons & Iroquois.
The French • Samuel de Champlain settled a colony for France along the St.
Lawrence River – Quebec.
• Explorers reached the Mississippi River and sailed down it,
reaching the Gulf Coast.
• France Claimed the entire Mississippi Valley and named the
territory Louisiana in honor of the King.
• The French colonies were small and mainly focused on the Fur
trade. French Fur trappers littered the entire region from Canada
down to the Gulf of Mexico.
• The French traded with native Americans constantly, maintaining
a relationship with many tribes.
• The French treated Natives far better then the English or Spanish
and often were involved in native communities.
THE DUTCH
• The Dutch also settled along the
Eastern coast, in areas like present
day New York, New Jersey, &
Connecticut.
• Had a settlement ‘New Amsterdam’
in what is today New York.
• Would promise Religious Freedom
in their colonies to attract
inhabitants.
MIDDLE PASSAGE
• This is the voyage African slaves would be forced to
take from West Africa across the Atlantic into the ‘New
World’
• Many died on the voyage because of horrible conditions
aboard.
AFRICAN DIASPORA
• Referring to the huge number of African peoples that were sent all over the
world due to enslavement.
• About 12 million people were displaced between 1500’s and 1860, the span of
slavery as a regular practice.
• Generally treated under terrible conditions – millions died as a product of work,
punishment, & mistreatment.
• Although treatment varied, all slaves were viewed as property not people.
LIFE IN CHAINS
• Slaves were able to develop their own
cultures despite their conditions.
• Families were vital as a refuge from
slaveholders control. These families faced
many challenges, like separation.
• Religion was important in keeping meaning
and hope for these communities. Song, dance,
and worship were a chance to spread hope
and express their sorrows.
• Mainly Christian with influences from native
traditions .