EUROPEAN EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT SETTLEMENT

OF NORTH AMERICAOF NORTH AMERICAA2

7.8.317.8.31

WHAT IS HISTORY??WHAT IS HISTORY??• Prologue, After the Fact• Point of View (ATF 1)

Guiding Question 1Guiding Question 1

Why did people settle in the British North American colonies?

Did people come for primarily economic concerns or for religious/idealistic motivations?

Guiding Question 2Guiding Question 2

Why and How did the British North American colonies develop into distinctively different societies and economies?

Regions: (1) the Chesapeake and Lower South, (2) New England, (3) Mid-Atlantic.

American American Colonies at Colonies at the End of the End of

the the SeventeentSeventeent

h Centuryh Century

VIRGINIAVIRGINIACHESAPEAKECHESAPEAKE

Virginia Virginia CompanyCompany, Charter, , Charter,

1606 1606

Chesapeake Chesapeake BayBay

& &

JamestownJamestown

Chesapeake Chesapeake BayBay

& &

JamestownJamestown

Jamestown Settlement Jamestown Settlement (Computer Generated)(Computer Generated)Jamestown Settlement Jamestown Settlement (Computer Generated)(Computer Generated)

Settlement of VirginiaSettlement of Virginia• Virginia Company• Jamestown• John Smith• John Rolfe• Tobacco• “starving time”

• House of Burgesses• indentured servants• headright system

Early Colonial TobaccoEarly Colonial TobaccoEarly Colonial TobaccoEarly Colonial Tobacco

16181618 — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of tobacco.

16221622 — Despite losing nearly one-third of its colonists in an Indian attack, Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of tobacco.

16271627 — Virginia produces 500,000 pounds of tobacco.

16291629 — Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds of tobacco.

TobaccTobacco Priceso Prices1618-1618-17101710

Life in Early Virginia, Life in Early Virginia, 1620-1620-1670s1670s

• “plantations”

• society• economy• quality of

life• religion?

River Plantations in Virginia, c. 1640

1717thth Century Population Century Populationin the Chesapeakein the Chesapeake

1717thth Century Population Century Populationin the Chesapeakein the Chesapeake

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

1607 1630 1650 1670 1690

White

Black

Social Unrest in the ChesapeakeSocial Unrest in the Chesapeake

• Bacon’s rebellion – causes

• Backcountry settlement and Protection

• Power of “eastern” elites and Taxation

– significance

Bacon’s rebellion in Virginia, Bacon’s rebellion in Virginia, 16761676

Significance of Bacon’s Significance of Bacon’s RebellionRebellion

•First large rebellion in colonies (political & social)

•Social/political conflict: “eastern” elites vs. backcountry

•Catalyst in transition from indentured servitude to slavery

Reasons for SlaveryReasons for Slavery

• Decrease in indentured servants– English economy

• Increase in availability of slaves – end of Royal African company monopoly– Decrease in price

• Fears of growing number of landless freemen

• Available supply from Caribbean

Population of Chesapeake Population of Chesapeake Colonies: 1610-1750Colonies: 1610-1750

Population of Chesapeake Population of Chesapeake Colonies: 1610-1750Colonies: 1610-1750

The Atlantic Slave TradeThe Atlantic Slave Trade

“middle passage”

Slave Colonies of the Slave Colonies of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Seventeenth and Eighteenth

CenturiesCenturies

SlaverySlavery

• Where was slavery legal? In which colonies did it exist?

Africans as a Percentage of Total Population of the British Colonies, 1650–1770

The The ChesapeakChesapeake Colonies e Colonies

in the in the SeventeenSeventeenth Centuryth Century

Deep Deep SouthSouth

• Carolina (1682)

• Georgia (1738)

• rice• indigo

The West Indies and Carolina in the Seventeenth Century

IndigoIndigo

RiceRice

Spread of Spread of SettlementSettlement

: British : British Colonies, Colonies,

16501650––17001700

NEW NEW ENGLANDENGLAND

American American Colonies at Colonies at the End of the End of

the the SeventeentSeventeent

h Centuryh Century

English Migration, 1610-1660English Migration, 1610-1660

PlymouthPlymouth

• Separatists• “Pilgrims”• Plymouth• Mayflower Compact

Mayflower II

Massachusetts BayMassachusetts Bay

• Puritans• Great

Migration• “City upon

a hill”

New EnglandNew England

• towns• town meetings• church• Education• “Old Satan

Deluder” Act (1647)

• Harvard College (1636)

• merchants

Land Division in Sudbury, MA: 1639-1656

Population of the New England

Colonies

Population of the New England

Colonies

Puritan “Rebels”Puritan “Rebels”

Roger WilliamsRoger

WilliamsAnne HutchinsonAnne Hutchinson

New New England England Colonies, Colonies,

16501650

King Philip’s War, King Philip’s War, 1675 – 1675 – 1676)1676)

King Philip’s War, King Philip’s War, 1675 – 1675 – 1676)1676)

MIDDLE MIDDLE COLONIESCOLONIES

Colonies Colonies in in

Eastern Eastern North North

AmericaAmerica

16501650

New YorkNew York• New Netherland

(1613) – Who? Why?• Patroonships >>>

• New York (1664)

• society • economy

PennsylvaniaPennsylvania• William Penn• Quakers• society• economy• Indian

relations

Royal Land Grant to PennRoyal Land Grant to Penn

Middle Middle Colonies, Colonies,

16851685

Area of Area of English English

settlemesettlement by nt by

17001700

American American Colonies at Colonies at the End of the End of

the the SeventeenSeventeen

th Centuryth Century

Britain's American Empire, Britain's American Empire, 17131713