EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT IN EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT IN NORTH AMERICA, CHS. 1-3NORTH AMERICA, CHS. 1-3

(BY GB, FR, SP, NE, PO)(BY GB, FR, SP, NE, PO)

SSUSH2 The student will trace the ways that the economy and society of British North America developed.

a. Explain the development of mercantilism and the trans-Atlantic trade.

b. Describe the Middle Passage, growth of the African population, and African-American culture.

c. Identify Benjamin Franklin as a symbol of social mobility and individualism.

d. Explain the significance of the Great Awakening.

EUROPEAN SETTLEMENTEUROPEAN SETTLEMENT(COLONIES DEVELOP ECONOMIES THAT ALLOWED (COLONIES DEVELOP ECONOMIES THAT ALLOWED SETTLERS TO SURVIVE, THOUGH EACH COLONY SETTLERS TO SURVIVE, THOUGH EACH COLONY

DIFFERED IN REL., CUL., AND POL. CUSTOMS.)DIFFERED IN REL., CUL., AND POL. CUSTOMS.)

EUROPEAN SETTLEMENTEUROPEAN SETTLEMENT

The The Thirteen ColoniesThirteen Colonies were part of were part of what became known as what became known as British AmericaBritish America, a name that was used by Great , a name that was used by Great Britain until the Britain until the Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris recognized the independence of the recognized the independence of the original original United States of AmericaUnited States of America. . These thirteen These thirteen BritishBritish colonies in colonies in North AmericaNorth America rebelled against British rulerebelled against British rule in 1775. in 1775.

THIRTEEN COLONIESTHIRTEEN COLONIES New EnglandNew England Province of New HampshireProvince of New Hampshire, later , later New HampshireNew Hampshire Province of Massachusetts BayProvince of Massachusetts Bay, later , later MassachusettsMassachusetts and and MaineMaine Colony of Rhode Island and Providence PlantationsColony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, later , later Rhode IslandRhode Island Connecticut ColonyConnecticut Colony, later , later ConnecticutConnecticut. . Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies Province of New YorkProvince of New York, later , later New YorkNew York and and VermontVermont Province of New JerseyProvince of New Jersey, later , later New JerseyNew Jersey Province of PennsylvaniaProvince of Pennsylvania, later , later PennsylvaniaPennsylvania Delaware ColonyDelaware Colony (before 1776, the (before 1776, the Lower Counties on DelawareLower Counties on Delaware), later ), later

DelawareDelaware Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies Province of MarylandProvince of Maryland, later , later MarylandMaryland Colony and Dominion of VirginiaColony and Dominion of Virginia, later , later VirginiaVirginia, , KentuckyKentucky and and

West VirginiaWest Virginia Province of North CarolinaProvince of North Carolina, later , later North CarolinaNorth Carolina and and TennesseeTennessee Province of South CarolinaProvince of South Carolina, later , later South CarolinaSouth Carolina Province of GeorgiaProvince of Georgia, later , later GeorgiaGeorgia

ECONOMICSECONOMICS(EFFICIENT USE OF (EFFICIENT USE OF

RESOURCES)RESOURCES)

1. ECO. OF ENG. AND 13 COLONIES1. ECO. OF ENG. AND 13 COLONIES

2. MERCANTILISM-ECO. POLICY2. MERCANTILISM-ECO. POLICY

DESCRIPTORS OR DESCRIPTORS OR MERCANTILISMMERCANTILISM

1.EARTH-LIMITED WEALTH-NATURAL 1.EARTH-LIMITED WEALTH-NATURAL RESOURCES, ESP. GOLD, SILVERRESOURCES, ESP. GOLD, SILVER

2.THE BEST NATION HAD MOST 2.THE BEST NATION HAD MOST WEALTHWEALTH

3.GOAL: GET WEALTH3.GOAL: GET WEALTH 4.THE MORE 1 NATION HAD, THE 4.THE MORE 1 NATION HAD, THE

LESS THE OTHER NATION HADLESS THE OTHER NATION HAD 5.AS NATION BECAME STRONGER-5.AS NATION BECAME STRONGER-

WEALTHIER, OTHERS LESSWEALTHIER, OTHERS LESS

MERCANTILISM, CONTINUEDMERCANTILISM, CONTINUED

6. ENG SAW THE 13 COLONIES AS SOURCE 6. ENG SAW THE 13 COLONIES AS SOURCE OF WEALTHOF WEALTH

7. THE MORE LAND ENG HAD THE LESS FR 7. THE MORE LAND ENG HAD THE LESS FR AND OTHER NATIONS HAD IN N. AMERICAAND OTHER NATIONS HAD IN N. AMERICA

8. THE MORE AMERICAN GOODS ENG 8. THE MORE AMERICAN GOODS ENG COULD SELL, THE LESS $ THE OTHER COULD SELL, THE LESS $ THE OTHER NATIONS WOULD HAVE.NATIONS WOULD HAVE.

9. RESULT: ENG GREATER, RIVALS 9. RESULT: ENG GREATER, RIVALS WEAKERWEAKER

MERCANTILISM, CONTINUEDMERCANTILISM, CONTINUED

1.ENG TIGHTLY CONTROLLED TRANS 1.ENG TIGHTLY CONTROLLED TRANS (ACROSS)-ATLANTIC TRADE.(ACROSS)-ATLANTIC TRADE.

2.ALL GOODS TO AND FROM BRITISH N. 2.ALL GOODS TO AND FROM BRITISH N. AM. HAD TO TRAVEL IN ENG. SHIPS AND AM. HAD TO TRAVEL IN ENG. SHIPS AND LAND 1LAND 1STST IN ENG AND PAY TAXES. IN ENG AND PAY TAXES.

3.RESULT: 3.RESULT: 1)COLONIES WOULD NOT BE ABLE TO 1)COLONIES WOULD NOT BE ABLE TO

COMPETE AGAINST ENG.COMPETE AGAINST ENG. 2)SMUGGLERS2)SMUGGLERS

TRANS-ATLANTIC TRADETRANS-ATLANTIC TRADE

TRANS-ATLANTIC TRADETRANS-ATLANTIC TRADE

The three-way trans-Atlantic trade The three-way trans-Atlantic trade known historically as the known historically as the Triangular Triangular TradeTrade was the trade during the was the trade during the seventeenth and eighteenth seventeenth and eighteenth centuries of slaves, sugar (often in its centuries of slaves, sugar (often in its liquid form, molasses), and rum liquid form, molasses), and rum between between West AfricaWest Africa, the , the West IndiesWest Indies and the northern colonies of and the northern colonies of British North AmericaBritish North America. .

THE MIDDLE PASSAGETHE MIDDLE PASSAGE

The slaves grew the sugar from The slaves grew the sugar from which was brewed rum, which in turn which was brewed rum, which in turn was traded for more slaves. In this was traded for more slaves. In this circuit, the circuit, the sea lanesea lane west from Africa west from Africa to the West Indies (and later, also to to the West Indies (and later, also to BrazilBrazil) was the notorious ) was the notorious Middle PassageMiddle Passage. Its cargo was . Its cargo was abducted or recently purchased abducted or recently purchased AfricanAfrican slavesslaves..

BLACK, AFRICAN CULTUREBLACK, AFRICAN CULTURE

1.GROWTH OF FARMS AND 1.GROWTH OF FARMS AND PRODUCTION OF CASH CROPS PRODUCTION OF CASH CROPS RESULTED IN MORE AFRICAN SLAVESRESULTED IN MORE AFRICAN SLAVES

2.LOCATION: MOSTLY SOUTHERN 2.LOCATION: MOSTLY SOUTHERN COLONIES FOR FARMINGCOLONIES FOR FARMING

3.INTRODUCTION OF AFRICAN 3.INTRODUCTION OF AFRICAN CULTURE TO AMERICACULTURE TO AMERICA

NEW IDEAS INFLUENCE THE NEW IDEAS INFLUENCE THE COLONISTSCOLONISTS

1.ENLIGHTENMENT, LATE 1600S-1.ENLIGHTENMENT, LATE 1600S-1700S1700S

2.GREAT AWAKENING, 1730S-1740S2.GREAT AWAKENING, 1730S-1740S

ENLIGHTENMENTENLIGHTENMENT

1.AGE OF REASON1.AGE OF REASON 2. The 2. The American EnlightenmentAmerican Enlightenment

describes the intellectual culture of describes the intellectual culture of the British North American colonies the British North American colonies and the early and the early United StatesUnited States. .

ENLIGHTENMENTENLIGHTENMENT

3. Influenced by the scientific revolution of 3. Influenced by the scientific revolution of the 17th century, the Enlightenment took the 17th century, the Enlightenment took scientific reasoning and applied it to scientific reasoning and applied it to human nature and society. There was a human nature and society. There was a shift from God-centered thinking to human shift from God-centered thinking to human being centered. Instead of going through being centered. Instead of going through life unhappy and thinking they had to life unhappy and thinking they had to suffer so they could enjoy the afterlife, suffer so they could enjoy the afterlife, people began to think about what they people began to think about what they could accomplish on earth.could accomplish on earth.

ENLIGHTENMENTENLIGHTENMENT

4.MOST FAMOUS AMERICAN 4.MOST FAMOUS AMERICAN PERSONALITY: BENJAMIN FRANKLINPERSONALITY: BENJAMIN FRANKLIN

1)PRINTER, WRITER, BUSINESSMAN, 1)PRINTER, WRITER, BUSINESSMAN, PHILOSOPHER, SCIENTIST, PHILOSOPHER, SCIENTIST, INVENTOR, POLITICIANINVENTOR, POLITICIAN

2)IMPROVE SELF (INDIVIDUALISM)2)IMPROVE SELF (INDIVIDUALISM) 3)RISE IN SOCIAL STATUS (SOCIAL 3)RISE IN SOCIAL STATUS (SOCIAL

MOBILITY)MOBILITY)

ENLIGHTENMENTENLIGHTENMENTBENJAMIN FRANKLINBENJAMIN FRANKLIN

Benjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin (January 17, 1706  – April 17, (January 17, 1706  – April 17, 1790) was one of the 1790) was one of the Founding FathersFounding Fathers of the of the United States of AmericaUnited States of America. A noted . A noted polymathpolymath, Franklin , Franklin was a leading was a leading authorauthor and and printerprinter, , satiristsatirist, , political theoristpolitical theorist, , politicianpolitician, , scientistscientist, , inventorinventor, , civic activistcivic activist, , statesmanstatesman, and , and diplomatdiplomat. As a scientist, . As a scientist, he was a major figure in the he was a major figure in the EnlightenmentEnlightenment and the and the history of physicshistory of physics for his discoveries and theories for his discoveries and theories regarding regarding electricityelectricity. He invented the . He invented the lightning rodlightning rod, , bifocalsbifocals, the , the Franklin stoveFranklin stove, a carriage , a carriage odometerodometer, and , and the the glass 'glass 'armonicaarmonica''. He formed both the first . He formed both the first public lending librarypublic lending library in America and first in America and first fire departmentfire department in Pennsylvania. He was an early in Pennsylvania. He was an early proponent of proponent of colonial unitycolonial unity and as a political writer and as a political writer and activist he, more than anyone, invented the idea and activist he, more than anyone, invented the idea of an American nation and as a diplomat during the of an American nation and as a diplomat during the American RevolutionAmerican Revolution, he secured the , he secured the French allianceFrench alliance that helped to make independence possible. that helped to make independence possible.

GREAT AWAKENINGGREAT AWAKENING The The First Great Awakening,First Great Awakening, (referred to (referred to

by some historians as by some historians as the Great the Great AwakeningAwakening) was a period of heightened ) was a period of heightened religious activity, primarily in religious activity, primarily in Great BritainGreat Britain and its and its North American coloniesNorth American colonies in the in the 1730s and 1740s. 1730s and 1740s.

Everywhere, it attracted large and Everywhere, it attracted large and emotional crowds, eliciting countless emotional crowds, eliciting countless conversions as well as considerable conversions as well as considerable controversy. controversy.

JONATHAN EDWARDS AND GEORGE JONATHAN EDWARDS AND GEORGE WHITEFIELDWHITEFIELD

GREAT AWAKENING, GEORGE GREAT AWAKENING, GEORGE WHITEFIELD AND JONATHAN WHITEFIELD AND JONATHAN

EWARDS, PREACHERSEWARDS, PREACHERS 1.RELIGION WAS 1.RELIGION WAS

MORE PERSONAL.MORE PERSONAL. 2.MOVE AWAY 2.MOVE AWAY

FROM STRICT FROM STRICT PURITAN VIEWSPURITAN VIEWS

GREAT AWAKENINGGREAT AWAKENING George WhitefieldGeorge Whitefield (December 16, 1714 (December 16, 1714

- September 30, 1770), an Anglican, - September 30, 1770), an Anglican, Church of England, itinerant minister who Church of England, itinerant minister who helped spread the Great Awakening in helped spread the Great Awakening in Great Britain and, especially, in the British Great Britain and, especially, in the British North American colonies.North American colonies.

. He was a very influential figure in the . He was a very influential figure in the establishment of Methodism. He was establishment of Methodism. He was famous for his preaching in America which famous for his preaching in America which was a significant part of an 18th century was a significant part of an 18th century movement of Christian revivals, movement of Christian revivals, sometimes called "The Great Awakening."sometimes called "The Great Awakening."

Jonathan EdwardsJonathan Edwards ( (October 5October 5, , 17031703 – – March 22March 22, , 17581758) was a ) was a colonial Americancolonial American CongregationalCongregational preacher, theologian, and preacher, theologian, and missionarymissionary to to Native AmericansNative Americans. He is known as one of the . He is known as one of the greatest and most profound of American greatest and most profound of American theologians and revivalists. His famous sermon "theologians and revivalists. His famous sermon "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry GodSinners in the Hands of an Angry God," ," emphasized the just wrath of God against sin and emphasized the just wrath of God against sin and contrasted it with the provision of God for contrasted it with the provision of God for salvation; the intensity of his preaching sometimes salvation; the intensity of his preaching sometimes resulted in members of the audience fainting, resulted in members of the audience fainting, swooning, and other more obtrusive reactions. The swooning, and other more obtrusive reactions. The swooning and other behaviors in his audience swooning and other behaviors in his audience caught him up in a controversy over "bodily caught him up in a controversy over "bodily effects" of the Holy Spirit's presence. effects" of the Holy Spirit's presence.

SUMMARYSUMMARY

1.NEW ENGLAND COLONIES1.NEW ENGLAND COLONIES 2.MIDDLE COLONIES2.MIDDLE COLONIES 3.SOUTHERN COLONIES3.SOUTHERN COLONIES 4.MERCANTILISM4.MERCANTILISM 5.SLAVERY5.SLAVERY 6.ENLIGHTENMENT6.ENLIGHTENMENT 7.GREAT AWAKENING7.GREAT AWAKENING