EUROPEAN REVOLUTIONS
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Transcript of EUROPEAN REVOLUTIONS
EUROPEAN REVOLUTIONS
1820s – 30s
The Congress of Vienna and the Concert of Europe Conservatives try to maintain the
status quo
Key Diplomats
Prince Metternich
Lord Talley rand
Spain - 1820
Soldiers rebel against King Ferdinand VII
He agrees to follow the constitution The Great Powers (Austria, Prussia,
Russia, Britain, France) meet at the Congress of Troppau and issue the Protocol of Troppau which said stable governments could intervene in states experiencing revolutions
Greece – 1821“The Eastern Question” Fight for independence from the
Ottomans
Philhellenic Societies
Poets and intellectuals like Lord Byron supported the Greeks
Greek Independence
1827 – Britain, Russia, France sign the Treaty of London demanding Greek independence
1829 – Treaty of Adrianople: Russia gains control of what’s now Romania; Britain, Russia, and France can decide the fate of Greece
1830 – Treaty of London: declared Greece independent
1832 - Otto I made king of Greece
Russia – The Decembrist Revolt1825 Political unrest and
secret societies existed within the military
After the death of Czar Alexander I, his brother Nicholas I took the throne
Czar Alexander I
Some soldiers rebelled against the czar and supported his brother Constantine
NICHOLAS I
The Decembrists
He then adopted a policy of “Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationalism”
Nicholas I shut down the uprising and the conspirators were executed or exiled to Siberia
France – 1830 – The July Revolution King Charles X believed in rule by
divine right He gave $ to aristocrats who lost
land in the revolution He restored primogeniture In 1829 he appointed more
ultraroyalists to his government
In July 1830 he issued the Four Ordinances which restricted freedom of the press, dissolved the French legislature, restricted the franchise to the wealthy, and called for new elections
The July Revolution
Fighting broke out in July
Charles X abdicated on August 2
Middle-class liberals combine with working class to create a constitutional monarchy
Louis-Philippe was proclaimed the new king of France
The July Monarchy
• The new governmentwas more liberal
Censorship was abolished
More people could vote• But, socially it was still conservative
The rich still had more power
The workers still had problems
Belgium - 1830
In August Belgian nationalists began rebelling against the Dutch
The Dutch sent ships to try and defeat them
The Belgians manage to win their independence
The Great Powers approve Belgian independence was possible
because Britain and France supported it
Austria, Prussia, and Russia were too busy dealing with other issues to interfere
Leopold of Saxe-Coburg (a German Prince and British subject) becomes King Leopold I
Poland - 1830
Soldiers and students revolted in Warsaw
The Polish Diet voted to depose the Russian Czar as ruler of Poland
Czar Nicholas I sent troops and crushed the rebellion
Serbia - 1830
Rebels fight against the Ottomans In 1830 they’re granted
independence
Britain
No REVOLUTION REFORMS
Catholic Emancipation Act The Great Reform Act of 1832 Chartism Repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846
Sir Robert Peel