Report Summary

September 2010

Report Summary

September 2010

The European Offshore WindEnergy Standards, Permittingand Markets ReportA country-by-country comparison and practical guide

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European Offshore Wind Energy Standards, Permitting & Markets

About the Report

This report provides real data, fresh statistics and 100% independent analysis on helping you navigateoffshore wind energy standards, permitting and markets. The report focuses on standards in Europe’s majoroffshore wind markets, includingUK,Denmark,Netherlands,Norway, Sweden,Germany and France.

Report benefits:

� Market forecasts, key drivers, offshore wind regulations, targets AND practical guidanceon applying for permits for:

� An expert analysis of existing standards and regulations, including corporate perspectives on the futureof standards in offshore wind energy

� Read exclusive corporate insight from:

By 2020, this report predicts that 110 GW of renewable energy in Europe will come from offshore wind. Reachingthis capacity will, however, depend on a number of key factors including delivery of a European Supergrid, skillscapacity, the strength of the supply chain and the availability of investment funds. But that is not all. Governmentpolicies will also pay an important role in securing investor interest and getting parks on line quickly.

The report provides a detailed breakdown of the consenting procedure for offshore wind parks in Europe’s leadingmarkets and charts the emerging regulation for this growing sector. It also addresses the challenges relating toharbour and connection infrastructure, the factors getting in the way of consents and the government incentivesfor offshore wind development.

The report provides you with real data & detailed analysis on how to:

� Navigate through the legislative jargon and emerging standards� Compare ease of entry to European markets, country-by-country� Find out which European markets present the greatest opportunity for your company� Understand which companies are the key offshore wind providers in each country, and what their

strategic plans are

� Obtain permits in each country, how the processes are changing, and what challenges your companywill face

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� UK

� Germany

� Denmark

� Netherlands

� Norway

� Sweden

� France

E.ON The Crown Estate German Wind Energy Association REpower

European Offshore Wind Energy Standards, Permitting & Markets

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Table of Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

SECTION 1This section provides you with a quick guide reference on the need-to-know issues such as feed in tariffs, ROCs,prices, time to register/apply, grid connection/infrastructure responsibilities and state of regulations. An easy-reference country comparison chart is included.

SECTION 2This section contains an overview of general permitting process, current state of play, leading countries, andother critical information. On a country-by-country basis, the following areas are covered:

• National wind energy targets• Permitting process guide• Regulations and standards• Industry challenges• Other need-to-know issues that impact your bottom line• Overview of existing and planned harbour and connection infrastructure• Local threats to business• Local incentives for companies

SECTION 3This section explores issues such as how standards help, what standards are available, what operators think ofthese standards and what they would like to see, and where current challenges lie. It includes an in-depth:

• Review of the leading emerging standards• Current status and recent changes in the dynamic national standards• How wind standards emerged from oil & gas, and the lessons we can learn• Financial risks involved

SECTION 4This section contains market forecast for offshore wind and status update on existing projects. The information andanalysis is provided on a country-by-country basis. You will gain Quantitative and qualitative market insight on:

• Market forecast and key figures• Trends analysis & market drivers• Under-addressed markets, growth areas, opportunities and threats• Market strategy and share by key players• How the supply chain is developing. What are the future roles and opportunities?

REFERENCES

ANNEXES

European Offshore Wind Energy Standards, Permitting & Markets

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��This brand new report was prepared by independent experts and incorporates strategies and data from over 30offshore wind specialists.

Here are a few of the primary data findings published in this report…

1) PERMITTING REFERENCE GUIDE

A Few of the Report’s Key Findings

UK

� Incentive: UK RenewableObligation

� Prices:

� Offshore wind: Two RenewableObligation Certificates(ROCs)

� Time to register/apply: 9-12 monthsto gain consent from the IPC, plustime to conduct consultations andcarry out environmental impactassessment

� Grid connection and responsibilities:Transmission System Operator(TSO)

GERMANY

� Incentive: Feed-in tariff

� Prices: Initial tariff: 0.13 ¤/kWh plusbonus of 0.02 ¤/kWh for commissioningby end of 2015. No digression until 2015

� Time to register/apply: Two to threeyears, in some cases five

� Grid connection and responsibilities:TSO

DENMARK

� Incentive: Feed-in tariff added to marketprices, negotiated in a tender process

� Prices:� Horns Rev II: 0.07 ¤/kWh (0.518

per kWh)� Rødsand 2: 0.08 ¤/kWh / DKK 0.629

per kWh� Anholt: 0.14 ¤/kWh (1.05 DKK/kWh)

� Time to register/apply: One year (as anaverage). But it can take three or fouryears for a political decision to launchthe tender process

� Grid connections/responsibilities:The TSO (for projects run by agovernment tender)

SWEDEN

� Incentive: Tradable green certificates

� Prices: N/A

� Time to register/apply: Lillgrund: Sevenyears in territorial waters; Kriegers Flakand Stora Middelgrund two years in theEEZ

� Grid connection responsibilities:Developer

��

One of the key pressure points in the offshore consenting process is related to party politicisationof renewables. In all the countries analysed, policies for offshore wind are in the process ofrefinement or radical change. The result in many cases will be to speed up planning, but in othersit creates uncertainty for project development.

2) INCENTIVESFinancial incentives for offshore wind are another crucial factor in getting offshore wind projects off the ground.Once again, a variety of incentive structures operate across Europe, including feed-in tariffs and quota systems, allto varying success.

FIGURE 4: COUNTRIES WITH THE MOST EFFECTIVE FINANCIAL INCENTIVES FOR OFFSHOREWIND DEVELOPMENT

� UK: ..................................................................44%� Denmark: ......................................................19%� Germany: ........................................................17%� Don’t know: ....................................................17%� Belgium:............................................................6%� Spain: ..............................................................3%� USA: ..................................................................3%

3) STANDARDSA review of the most prominent standards that apply to offshore wind, including official standards, industrystandards, and industry guidelines.

FIGURE 10: KEY BODIES

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More Key Findings

European Offshore Wind Energy Standards, Permitting & Markets

The International ElectrotechnicalCommission (IEC)

A global organisation, with international standards forelectrical, electronic and related technologies. These

form the basis for national and European standards, andare the reference for international tenders and contracts.

International Organisation ofStandardisation (ISO)

International body that brings together representativesfrom national standards organisations, raises

awareness ofworldwide proprietary industrial andcommercial standards.

The American Petroleum Institute (API)

Main trade association for the oil and natural gasindustry and maintains some 500 standardscovering all segments of the industry.

Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN)

National standardisation committee

Danish Standards Association (DS)

National standardisation committee

European Committee for ElectrotechnicalStandardisation (Comité Européen de

Normalisation Electrotechnique, CENELEC)

Prepares electrotechnical standards for electronicgoods and services in the European Economic Area.

International body that brings together representativesfrom national standards organisations, raises

awareness of worldwide proprietary industrial andcommercial standards.

British Standards Institution (BSI)

National standardisation committee

European Offshore Wind Energy Standards, Permitting & Markets

It is the features of an IEC standard that our survey respondents pick out as the most important elements of anoffshore wind standard: namely international recognition (60%), harmonisation (55%) and wide industryparticipation (40%).

FIGURE 11: THE MOST IMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF AN OFFSHORE WIND STANDARD

4) MARKET FORECASTGlobally, the top five countries for all wind generated power are China, US, Spain, Germany and India, these fiveaccounting for 75% of new capacity, but the majority of this is onshore.

FIGURE 12: RANKING OF COUNTRIES BY INSTALLED OFFSHORE WIND TURBINES

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More Key Findings

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Internationally recognised

Harmonised between standardisation bodies

Wide industry participation

European

Experience from oil and gas

National

60%

55%

40%

30%

30%

20%

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Publishing date:September 2010Secure PDF: 110 pages