European LIfe and Physical sciences programme in Space

Life & Physical Sciences in Space:

European LIfe and Physical sciences programme in Space

'to benefit citizens and inspire their future' L. Cacciapuoti, D. Jarvis, N. Lavery, S. Mazzoni, O. Minster,

A. Orr, B. Toth, S. Vincent-Bonnieu, D. Voss, F. Weckenmann Physical Sciences Unit,

O. Angerer, R. Binot, R. Demets, J. Hatton, J. Ngo-An, P. Sundblad, Life Sciences Unit

Science and Applications Division Utilisation Department

Human Spaceflight Directorate


Presentation outline

•  The European Space Agency •  The ELIPS programme and its means for

implementation •  Elements of the Research Plan •  Applications & Exploration


ESA Member States ESA has 18 Member States : • Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France,

Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

• Hungary and Romania are European Cooperating States. • Canada takes part in some projects under a cooperation

agreement.

Introduction to ESA


ESTEC (Noordwijk)

Kiruna

Redu EAC Cologne ESOC (Darmstadt)

ESRIN (Frascati) Fucino

Perth

Moscow

Malindi

Maspalomas

Kourou

CDN Washington

Houston

Brussels ESA Paris Toulouse

Villafranca

Ground stations used by ESA ESA ground stations Offices Establishments

Ariane downrange stations

Natal Libreville

Ascension

Introduction to ESA


All member states participate in activities related to space science and in a common set of programmes: the MANDATORY PROGRAMMES.

Introduction to ESA

Basic Principles: - approval by boards of national delegates - geographical return of funds

In addition, member states chose their level of participation in OPTIONAL PROGRAMMES

• Earth observation

• Telecommunications

• Navigation

• Launcher development

• Manned space flight

• Microgravity research

•  Exploration

ELIPS: European programme for Life and Physical Sciences in Space


M! : Million of Euro

Budgets for 2006, Breakdown by programmes

ECSA* 0,08%, 2,245 M!

Financed by third parties

2,11%, 61,349 M!

Technology 4,53%, 131,423 M!

Launchers 18,29%, 530,835 M!

Exploration 1,80%, 52,249 M!

Human Spaceflight 12,58%, 365,436 M!

Microgravity 3,44%, 99,900 M!

General Budget 6,87%, 199,600 M!

Associated to General Budget 5,35%, 155,336 M!

Space Science 11,58%, 336,313 M!

Earth Observation 14,34%, 416,504 M!

Telecommunications 7,35%, 213,514 M!

Navigation 11,68%, 339,150 M!

APPROVED PROGRAMMES : 2840,260 M! PROGRAMMES FINANCED BY THIRD PARTIES : 61,349 M! EUROPEAN COOPERATING STATES AGREEMENT : 2,245 M! TOTAL BUDGETS FOR 2006 : 2903,854 M!

*ECSA : European cooperating states agreement

Introduction to ESA


Member States' mandatory contributions with total mandatory and optional contributions to ESA programmes.

Member States' contributions to ESA's mandatory programmes calculated on the basis of their GNP.

Total of Member States' contributions to ESA's mandatory and optional programmes.

M! : Million of Euro

Comparison

Introduction to ESA


ELIPS’ RESEARCH PLAN: A SCIENCE DRIVEN BOTTOM-UP APPROACH Peer review (ESF)

Research Plan ELIPS

PROGRAMME Proposal

to Ministerial Council

AO: Research programme proposals

Lab.

Lab. Lab. Lab. Lab.

Industry Industry

Lab.

Lab.

Topical Team

Topical Team

Lab. in Russia

Lab. in Japan

Lab. in USA

Lab. in China

ELIPS


ESA Topical Team

JAXA Working Group

Discussion of common scientific problems Identification of THE “hot” questions in the field: best science Identification of corresponding instrument requirements Definition of joint research scientific programme

“International Topical Team”

International cooperation

Example


•  Adequate visibility for all scientists ! helps for funding !!! •  Optimal sharing of instrumentS utilisation AND development •  Maximum output from the scarce ISS resources •  More brains ! more, better, faster publications, and cheaper !! •  The “noisier” the ISS utilisation programme, the higher the motivation of politicians to fund it

JOINT RESEARCH PROGRAMME OF THE INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL TEAM

Proposal to an ESA AO by the international team coordinated by European scientists

Proposal to a JAXA RA

by the international team coordinated by Japanese

scientists

Implementation coordinated between ESA and JAXA

Life & Physical Sciences in Space: IMSPG INTERNATIONAL MICROGRAVITY STRATEGIC WORKING GROUP


MEANS "AVAILABLE" FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION

of ELIPS PROJECTS

Ground-based Facilities 4.7 – 9 s

Parabolic Flights 20-25 s

Sounding Rockets up to 13 min

ELIPS

Life & Physical Sciences in Space: The Columbus Laboratory


EDR PCDF/SCDF FASTER KUBIK EML IPE DIRSOL

EuTEF (5+8) SOLAR (3)

Columbus Research Facilities + Experiments

HRF-1/-2 GeoFLOW FASES CIMEX FOAM-C Rubi / Safir / Emerald

Waico ArtEMISS-A/B YEAST Triplelux-A/B/C Rhocyt, Cerasp

ETC

EPM MEEMM CARDIOLAB DOSTEL PK-4

FSL Biolab

ER-3/EMCS Tropi, Gravi-1/2 Multigen-1/2 CW/RW Genara Nematodes

MSG Taxiflight Expts PromISS DSC/IVIDIL/Colloid Miller-Urey

FLYWHEEL Dextrous

PFS CARD/SOLO ETD

HRF/MARES

and MSL in US-lab FOAM-S self-standing


PRESENTATION OUTLINE




ELIPS provides Europe with the framework for making steady progress in the following research fields:

!  Focused Fundamental Research in Life and Physical Sciences in Space within the following 6 main research disciplines:

!  General Physics !  Physics of fluids and combustion !  Materials sciences !  Exobiology !  Biology !  Human adaptation and performance

!  Applied Research, addressing societal needs on Earth in following domains: !  Medical: Diagnostics and novel treatments for age-related human diseases !  Materials: Lightweight and advanced materials for reducing energy needs and

climate change !  Environment: Monitoring and control systems with biotechnological components !  Energy: Advanced heat exchangers and boilers for energy savings !  Processes: Conversion of knowledge from space experiments

Introduction to ELIPS


ELIPS will further provide Europe with the framework for achieving:

!  Industry-driven R&D and Technology Demonstrations, being the logical next step in the area of Applied Research, evolving towards end-user industries becoming stakeholders and investors in research utilising the space environment.

!  Enabling Research for Exploration: !  Radiation biology and physiology !  Health care and human performance under extreme conditions !  Life-support and thermal control systems !  Food production in space !  Fluids handling and processing in space !  Materials exposure and advanced materials !  Technology testing

!  Educational and outreach activities, exploiting the ISS and using the European astronauts as ambassadors of science towards the younger generations.

Introduction to ELIPS

Life & Physical Sciences in Space: General physics

! Test of fundamental physics theories and measurement of fundamental constants to unprecedented levels of precision. ! Universal time scales, time transfer, and clock comparison at world scale ! Dynamics and properties of degenerate quantum gases in microgravity conditions ! Matter wave interferometry from atoms to large molecules ! Higher performance atomic clocks in space, from the microwave to the optical domain ! Test of entanglement over long distances and quantum communication in space

interdisciplinary research ! What is the relation of space-atmosphere interactions with climate change? ! Measure time and length scales in dust aggregation, phase transitions in colloidal systems and granular materials ! Model the cosmic radiation environment and its interaction with matter.


The Mission

Quantum physics in Space

The more (different) clocks to compare with, the better the science…


SPACE OPTICAL CLOCKS (2nd generation)

Space Optical Clocks: Development of a portable model of optical clock based on the transitions of strontium and ytterbium atoms.

Aims to prepare for the second generation of cold atom clock taking advantage of the ACES heritage to push stability and accuracy of atomic frequency standards at the 10-18.

Team: Düsseldorf Univ. (D), SYRTE (F), ENS (F), PTB (D), Firenze Univ. (I)



Vacuum system design

Strontium clock


Ytterbium clock


SPACE ATOM INTERFEROMETER Space Atom Interferometer: instrument for the measurement of tiny rotational and translational accelerations and for the detection of faint forces.

Development of a ground based portable prototype. Maybe tested on parabolic flights or a sounding rocket; to capitalise on the development for a BEC system led by Hamburg.

Team: Firenze Univ. (I), IOTA (F), IQ (D), Hamburg Univ. (D), HU Berlin (D), SYRTE (F), LENS (I), Ulm Univ. (D), ZARM (D)

Demonstrated on ground

Anticipated on ground

Projected in space

Gyroscope ARW Bias stability Scale factor

2x10-6 deg/hr1/2

6x10-5 deg/hr 5 ppm

<1x10-6 deg/hr1/2

<10-5 deg/hr <1 ppm

<10-8 deg/hr1/2

<10-7 deg/hr <1 ppm

Accelerometer Sensitivity Bias stability Scale factor

10-9 g/Hz1/2

<10-10 g <10-10

<10-10 g/Hz1/2

<10-10 g <10-10

<10-13 g/Hz1/2

<10-16 g ? <10-12

From M. Kasevich



Crystalline phase Disordered phase

Parabolic flight experiment on 3D distribution

of two populations of # sizes

Example of flow studies enabled by complex plasma

Top view on ground

Side view in flight

Physics of plasmas with particles

FUNDAMENTAL PROCESSES IN COMPLEX PLASMAS

PK-3+ on ISS


PLASMA CRYSTAL EXPERIMENT

Study of the liquid phase and flow phenomena of Complex Plasmas

viscosity, heat transfer, thermodynamics " phase transitions, kinetics & statistical physics, instabilities etc.

Complex plasmas


ATMOSPHERE SPACE INTERACTIONS MONITOR Studies thunderstorm effects on upper atmosphere and near-Earth space Test the correlation between Transient Luminescent Events (TLE) and Transient Gamma-ray Flashes (TGF)

Atmospheric physics


INTERACTIONS IN COSMIC PARTICLE SYSTEMS

•  Simulation of dust agglomeration in star-forming regions •  Measurement of light scattered by aggregates (intensity, polarisation)

Dust particles physics

Life & Physical Sciences in Space: Granular materials

MORE SOFT MATTER IN SPACE

Life & Physical Sciences in Space: Physics of fluids and combustion ! What are the dynamics and the properties of interfaces? ! What are the key mechanisms of phase separation when coupled to evaporation and heat transfer in particular? ! What is driving the stability of complex fluids? How does coarsening happen? ! Measure the chemical physics of bulk homogeneous samples of supercritical fluids ! Understand the combustion process of dispersed systems ! Understand fundamentals of convection with model fluids systems. Study convective instabilities under conditions not realisable on Earth.

interdisciplinary research ! What are the interactions of dust with hydrometeors in the atmosphere? ! Measure the rheological properties of homogeneous samples of complex fluids? What drives the self-organisation of nanoparticles at surfaces and in liquid films? ! How do gas exchanges take place in (bio)reactors in space? How to complete waste recycling to 100%? What is the flammability of materials in space? How to best manage heat fluxes and air flows in manned spacecraft?


gas diffusion bubble coalescence

Drainage does not occur in space

Animation Libero

air/oil

water

hydrophilic chain

hydrophobic chain

Adsorption of surfactant and particles

particles

Film rupture

Gravity

Laplace pressure

Stability?

Complex fluids

EMULSION and FOAM STABILITY: A problem with different scales

Life & Physical Sciences in Space: Complex fluids

Instrument FAST on STS-107 -> FASTER on ISS adsorption measurements by the droplet oscillation method

GROUND

Pres

sure

am

plitu

de P

a

Frequency Hz

SPACE

Pres

sure

am

plitu

de P

a

Frequency Hz


FOAM- STABILITY

Complex fluids

Stability of very wet foam with very low or no surfactant concentration

e.g. pure water !


Coarsening of very wet foams Diagnostic: • Laser scattering • Capacitive & resistive measurements

FOAM- COARSENING

New model including with particles Model of coarsening

Mechanisms of Coalescence Study the stability (Protein and Particles) Diagnostic: Optics

Dry and wet foam

Complex fluids


Fundamentals of liquid layers Rayleigh-Benard on the ground Marangoni-Benard in space then with evaporative heat and mass transfer involved….

Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer

CONVECTION WITH TRANSFERS AT INTERFACES


Reference Multi-scale Boiling experiment: RUBI in FSL on ISS in 2013 Discussion on cooperation with NASA: complements BXF in MSG


BOILING


GEOPHYSICAL FLUID FLOW SIMULATION


Liquid trapped between concentric, co-axially rotating spheres at different temperatures and with a central force field

•  Stability, pattern formation, transition to turbulence •  Electro-hydrodynamics

T gradient

Rotation rate

Central force field

ISS experiment in FSL in 2008

Life & Physical Sciences in Space: Structure & dynamics of fluids

Cold Hot Cold Hot

Apply a thermal gradient to a ternary mixture: measurement of thermo-diffusion

Then relax the thermal gradient: measurement of isothermal diffusion

(ISO)THERMAL DIFFUSION IN LIQUID MIXTURES

Relevance to oil exploration and exploitation, and CO2 sequestration


INFLUENCE OF VIBRATIONS ON MASS TRANSPORT BY DIFFUSION

•  Thermovibrational convection observed experimentally on parabolic flights •  ISS experiment being performed right now in the SODI instrument in MSG •  Two-colour interferometry and digital holography

Structure & dynamics of fluids


VF

1-g

Vox

0-g

VF

Vox

Combustion: Flammability

Influence of g gas composition gas velocity material soot formation …

SOLID FUEL COMBUSTION

Drop-tower Sounding Rockets


COMBUSTION: DROPLETS AND SPRAYS

vaporisation cool-flame burning hot ignition t

Auto-ignition during drop-tower experiment

Flame propagation along an array of droplets with NOx measurement as a function of the pre-vaporisation level Courtesy/cooperation with JAXA

Texus 46 in November 2009

Drop-tower Sounding Rockets

Combustion: Spray combustion

Life & Physical Sciences in Space: Materials sciences

! What are the thermophysical properties of high temperature melts? ! What is the influence of convection on the formation of different microstructures in alloys? ! What is the influence of the processing conditions on the features of crystalline and amorphous phases of biological, organic and inorganic materials? ! Understand the fundamental link between materials processing, structure and properties of new light-weight structural metallic or intermetallic materials

interdisciplinary research ! What is the influence of gravity on the time and length scales of nucleation and growth? ! What are the possible strategies to adequately shield crew and systems from space radiation? ! How can one extract and exploit the elements contained in planetary regoliths to support exploration missions?

Life & Physical Sciences in Space: Materials Science

Support understanding the critical link between microstructure, process and properties in order to enhance the quality of the end-products, by

MATERIALS SCIENCE PROGRAMME OBJECTIVES

Terrestrial and microgravity experiments to jointly support the development of advanced simulation capabilities

studying solidification paths, microstructure evolution, growth pattern, undercooling behaviour and nucleation, particle inclusion, generating thermophysical property databases etc. of - Eutectic, Peritectic alloys - Binary and ternary alloys (organic transparent and metallic opaque), - Multicomponent industrial alloys - Composites.


ALLOYS Various projects investigating model and commercial aluminium alloys e.g. AlSi7 , AlCu, AlCuAg, CuSn, CuAg, A357 Focus: hydrodynamic effects on mushy zone formation, solute segregation, columnar-equiaxed transition, in-situ visualisation using X-rays

Courtesy of MICAST team

Courtesy of CETSOL team

Materials Science


MSL: Materials Sciences Lab. Joint ESA-NASA project: MSL and two furnace inserts provided by ESA, accommodated in NASA's MSRR in US-lab. All experiments involve US scientists.

DIRSOL: in MSG in 2012

X-ray diagnostics furnace currently planned for use on parabolic flights and sounding rockets

Materials Science facilities


THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Electro-Magnetic Levitator

•  Minimal positioning energy required in space as compared with ground based •  Applicable to a wider range of materials, no reactivity •  Various contactless stimuli and diagnostics •  Enables measurements down to very high undercooling •  Provides for optimal spherical geometry •  Enables measurements in molten samples at lower residual convection

ESA-DLR project for Columbus, launch scheduled in 2011. US scientists involvement in experiments.

Materials Science

Life & Physical Sciences in Space: Exobiology

! Organic compounds and mineral interactions under space conditions ! Polymerisation, stability and replication studies under space conditions ! Response of pre-biotic building blocks to extraterrestrial conditions ! Mechanisms of survival and adaptation of extremophiles to extraterrestrial conditions

interdisciplinary research ! How do organic compounds (biomolecules and micro-organisms) form in planetary atmospheres, and how are they transported? ! What are the effects of UV and cosmic rays on pre-biotic molecules and micro-organisms?


–  Fundamental research: Pre-biotic chemistry; origin, evolution, and survival of terrestrial organisms in extreme environments.

–  Applied research: Environment monitoring.

–  Exploration oriented research: Biomarker identification, Pasteur payload composition, planetary protection, crew hazards, decontamination, global environment characterisation.


On ISS –  Long duration exposure facility

•  Exo/Astrobiology: Solar UV & Vacuum •  Contribution to planetary protection: •  Chemical evolution: Titan, Martian

environments: •  Radiation dosimetry

–  EXPOSE-E deployed with Columbus –  EXPOSE-R deployed (3/2009)

On FOTON: –  Biopan 6 on FOTON-M3

•  10 Experiments •  Short duration, complementary to

EXPOSE –  Stone

•  Re-entry survivability •  4 Experiments in heat shield

Exobiology

Life & Physical Sciences in Space: Biology

! How does gravity alter development and performance of organ systems? ! What are the molecular mechanisms for sensing and adaptation to variable g-levels by cells (microbial, fungi, plants and animals)? ! How do different gravitational levels interfere with the formation of multi-cellular structures (cell-cell, cell-extracellular matrix/cell-wall interactions)? ! How does gravity modify the lifecycle from embryonic development to senescence? ! What are the biological responses to multiple stressors? ! How do evolution and cross-interactions between organisms occur under space conditions?

interdisciplinary research ! How does fluid dynamics influence biological systems? ! What are the molecular mechanisms of heavy-ion impact on cells? ! Can one develop a sustainable closed loop biological life support systems?


European Modular

Cultivation System

BIOLAB

EXPOSE-E

& EXPOSE-R

ISS

Columbus KUBIK

Non - ISS

Parabolic

Flight

Sounding

Rockets

Bion-M

(Mouse Expts)

Biology


Biology accomplishments 2006-2009 (1/3)

ISS: Bio Programme –  5 missions: KUBIK &

Standalone experiments –  Excellent success rate &

science return –  17 Experiments performed

•  7 Cell biology •  4 Plant physiology •  2 Developmental biology •  4 Microbiology

–  3 Experiments in Preparation

Biology


ISS: EMCS / Biolab •  Complex experiments •  Telemetry / commanding •  Illumination

–  EMCS •  Operating since 2006 •  4 Experiments performed •  3 in preparation (2009-2011)

–  Biolab •  Operating since 2008 •  1 Experiment performed •  5 Experiments in preparation

(2009-2012)


Biology


Non-ISS:

–  FOTON-M3 •  11 Biology Experiments inside

capsule in 3 facilities

–  Sounding Rockets •  6 Experiments in 3 flights •  6 Experiments in planning

2009-2011


Biology


Challenges for biology

Resource limitations for ISS experiments •  Crew time •  Condition temperature transport, particularly download •  Available flight opportunities

Possible future directions •  Automated experiments •  On orbit analysis •  Combining experiments / sample sharing

Biology

Life & Physical Sciences in Space: Human adaptation and performance

! What are the mechanisms orchestrating organ systems interaction and recovery under variable gravitational levels (system homeostasis)? ! What factors impair physical and cognitive performance? ! How can we assess and monitor health, psychological well-being and interpersonal relationships in conditions of isolation? ! What are the factors governing the inter-individual variability in the response to spaceflight conditions? ! What are the human responses to multiple stressors? ! Can one identify and validate optimal countermeasure strategies based on physical, pharmacological, nutritional and psychological interventions

interdisciplinary research Quantify the risks to humans of exposure to space radiation (acute and chronic) ! What are the consequences of artificial life support systems (microbial environment, air composition, dust, etc.) on human health and well-being?

Life & Physical Sciences in Space: Animal Physiology Research

Animal physiology •  Mouse Experiments provide an important

link between human physiology & in vitro (cell / tissue) experiments

•  15 rodent experiment proposals in pool (11 from ESA AO2004)

•  Facilities / Flight opportunities –  Mouse In Space (MIS) facility for BION

(2014) –  Sample sharing

•  STS-118 (3 ESA Experiments) •  ASI Mouse Drawer System (2 ESA Exp.) •  Bion-M1 IBMP (2012)


Long-term measurements

ETD Immuno SPIN EDOS NOA1 NOA2 SAMPLE CARD SOLO NeuroSpat ENERGY 3D SPACE

Human adaptation and performance


Short-term measurements

ZAG OTOLITH Low Back Pain CardioCog Neocytolysis MOP

Planned projects

DEXTROUS HEM EKE THERMO TREADMILL MARES BIOPSY



On board Columbus

EPM (Cardiolab, EEG/EMG, Sample collection) Pulmonary Function System Portable PFS Flywheel Exercise Device Eye Tracking Device PLATON HRF PEMS Pinch and hand-grip Echograph Exercise equipment



Future additions

VR goggles Treadmill sensors MARES Thermosensors Tracking system Manipulandum (Tele-) Echography On-orbit analysis



BED RESTS ANALOGUES

Four Bed Rests with Artificial Gravity and Nutrition interventions planned for 2008 and 2009

International cooperation with regards to standards



MARS 500

Cooperation with IBMP, Moscow • 105 day pilot study • 520 day Mars mission simulation

15 experiments passed peer review, integrated into the science programme. European crewmembers

Capsules

Concept study of an isolation facility Focus: psychology/habitability



Concordia

Permanently manned station on the Antarctic High Plateau

Experiments on group formation, adaptation, blood clotting, telemedicine ongoing

8 new proposals passed peer review Introduced Long-Term Medical Survey (LTMS),

connected development of an integrated medical monitoring tool

Other activities include e.g. microbial monitoring, operational validation of grey water recycling, psychological crew training



INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH: BIOMIMETIC LIQUIDS

Tank treading!

Tumbling!

Sedimentation, aggregation, formation of jams, shear stress driven alteration of the stiffness of the endothelium

Biology: cell function, may ultimately result into mechanical effect, stiffness…

Complex motion near walls!

Dynamics of fluids & life science


NH + 4

Minerals

NO - 3

Food

Wastes

O 2 NH +

4

Volatile Fatty Acids

Food

CO 2

CO 2 O 2

IV B Higher Plant

Compartment

IV A Photoautotrophic

Bacteria Arthrospira platensis

COMPARTMENT III Nitrifying bacteria

COMPARTMENT II Photoheterotrophic

Bacteria

Water

Non Edible Parts of Higher Plants

CO 2 COMPARTMENT I

Thermophilic anaerobic bacteria

CREW Fibre degradation

COMPARTMENT IV

Life Support Systems

The MELISSA organic waste

recycling concept

EXPLORATION RELEVANT: GAS EXCHANGE IN LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS


PHOTOSYNTHETIC COMPARTMENTS

NITRIFICATION

Life Support Systems

The MELISSA organic waste recycling breadboard


APPLICATIONS ORIENTATED RESEARCH In 1996, ESA took up the challenge to develop an application-orientated programme: the Microgravity Applications Programme (MAP) to develop awareness of industry and involve them in space projects.

In 2003, the Integrated Project IMPRESS based on MAP projects and coordinated by ESA was selected by the EC and funded under FP-6 NMP.

ESA aims at positioning more projects in the FPs of the EC so as to pro-actively accelerate the transfer of knowledge acquired in space into new industrial products and processes.

understand, control, scale-up new processes

MAP programme and EC projects


IMPRESS Gas Turbine Blades

New alloys with far better performance were developed and various industrial melting and investment-casting processes were studied over the past 4 years

MAP programme and EC projects


gravity effects

THERMOLAB

CETSOL

fluid state


IMPRESS Catalytic Powders

Significant development of Raney-Ni catalytic properties based on a thorough understanding of the droplet solidification process

MAP programme and FP of EC

3D X-ray tomography of a 50"m particle


gravity effects

THERMOLAB

NEQUISOL

VAPOUR

fluid state


TO BENEFIT CITIZENS AND INSPIRE THEIR FUTURE

European LIfe and Physical sciences programme in Space

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