European land cover mapping Stefan Kleeschulte European Topic Centre on Terrestrial Environment.

European land cover mapping

Stefan Kleeschulte

European Topic Centre on Terrestrial Environment

Corine Land Cover (CLC)

• Scale 1:100.000, seamless vector database

• 44 classes in 3 hierarchical levels

• 25 ha Minimum Mapping Unit (MMU)

• 5 ha MMU for land cover changes

• +/- 30 countries– Extension to Norway, Switzerland, Turkey &

Iceland

Comparison Europe – U.S.

• Europe – 3.6 Mio km2

• United States (Lower 48) – 7.8 Mio km2

Source: CLC2000 Source: NLCD Land Cover Statistics

Artificial surfaces

Agricultural areas

Forest and seminatural

Wetlands

Water bodies

Ortho-rectified satellite image database (JRC)

Visual image interpretation (national teams)

Verification – qualitative (ETC/TE)

Final vector database (national team)

Validation – quantitative (ETC/TE)

European Data integration – vector & raster (ETC/TE)

Methodology

History

• CLC1990 • Process from 1985 to

1995 • 10-year process • Growing process • No common data policy

• CLC2000 • Coordinated approach • Snapshot (2000 +/- 1

year)• 29 countries • Agreed data policy for

image and mapping data

• Output: – CLC2000– CLC changes – CLC90 corrected

Validation of European CLC data

• Need for an independent database – LUCAS – Land Use land Cover Area Sampling

• Statistical sampling grid • Similar timeframe • 10.000 points over Europe (18 countries) • Field survey of land use and land cover • Field photographs

• Re-interpretation of field photographs

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Validation results

Display of LUCAS points on IMAGE2000

Interpretation of point from satellite image and field photographs

Creation of error matrix

Overall accuracy: 87.0% ± 0.8%

CLC - a success story

• Number of downloads from EEA web site

• Applications

• Value of downstream applications

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Corine land cover downloads from http://dataservice.eea.eu.int

CLC2000

Use of Corine Land Cover Breakdown per economic sector

Agriculture14%

Dem ography2%

Education8%

Forestry9%

Health1%

OthersSector6%

Environm ent34%

Energy3%

Transport3%

Tourism1%

Research14%

Physical Planning

5%

Investment cost CLC2000: 13 Meuro

Estimated revenues generated by underpinning downstream activities using CLC: 250 Meuro*

*Based on analysis of 500 activities out of 5658 registered users

IMAGE2000 User statistics*

User category Number of registered users

Environment 918

Education 664

Agriculture 578

Demonstration 246

Forestry 460

Tourism 321

Telecommunications 117

Health 133

Total # registered users 2477

Total # of downloads 15027

*Source: JRC, 2006 (Summer 2005 – April 2006)

Extract from User Application Database

• Land Cover impact on flood modelling. • Habitat suitability for some parasite species of economical interest• Agro-Environmental Research and Rural Development by EC DG-

Agriculture• Satellite-based estimates of drought impact• Testing a ICZM Indicator set• Wind Energy Assessment • Effects of forest characteristics on the abundance of pendulous lichens in

Northern Finland• Post-socialist suburbanization in Tallinn Region• Hydrological assessment and modelling of the river Fani, Albania• Fire risk management• Predicting Impacts on Natural Ecotones• Enhance Flight Simulator environment• 3D - Modelling• Biodiversity of the rivers Rhine and Meuse• Agriculture, Land use in mountain areas

…

State & outlook of Europe’s Environment

Example: Green urban areas (based on IMAGE2000)

Budapest

Copenhagen

AthensBarcelona

Source: EEA (2006)

Example: Population density (based on CLC and Eurostat)

+

=

Source: EEA, JRC (2005)

100

105

110

115

120

125

1980 1985 1990 1995

built-up area

1980 = 100

population density

IssuesIssues

Between 1980–2000 urban land augmented 20 % while

population increased only 6 %

Between 1980–2000 urban land augmented 20 % while

population increased only 6 %

The 2002 Millennium floodaffected 4.2 million peopleThe 2002 Millennium floodaffected 4.2 million people

Impacts of land use planning on flooding

Nature protection and halting loss of biodiversity (2010 target)

Planning green corridors 2010 (Estonia)

Points of possible traffic conflict 2000 (Estonia)

IssuesIssues

Main annual conversions between agriculture and forests/ dry semi-natural land in ha/year

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Withdrawal of farming withoutsignificant woodland creation

Withdrawal of farming with woodlandcreation

Conversion from wetlands toagriculture

Conversion from dry semi-natural &natural land to agriculture

Conversion from forest to agriculture

CORRESPONDANCE BETWEEN LAND COVER CHANGES (CLC LEVEL 3) AND THE LAND COVER FLOWS

132 133 141 142 211 212 213 221 222 223

Dump sites Construction

sites Green urban

areas

Sport and leisure

facilities

Non-irrigated arable land

Permanently irrigated land

Rice fields Vineyards Fruit trees and berry

plantations Olive groves

243 Land principally occupied by agriculture w ith significant areas of natural vegetation

Extension of dumpsites

ConstructionDevelopment of green urban areas

Extension of sport and leisure facilities

Intensive conversion of marginal land to agriculture






244 Agro-forestry areasExtension of dumpsites



Intensif ication of agriculture



Planting of vineyards, fruit and olive trees over arable & pasture



311 Broad-leaved forestExtension of dumpsites



Intensive conversion of forest to agriculture






312 Coniferous forestExtension of dumpsites









313 Mixed forestExtension of dumpsites









321 Natural grasslandExtension of dumpsites









322 Moors and heathlandExtension of dumpsites









Land cover change accounts:

from maps to statistics

LCF1 Urban land management

LCF2 Urban residential sprawl

LCF3 Sprawl of economic sites and infrastructures

LCF4 Agriculture internal conversions

LCF5 Conversion from other land cover to agriculture

LCF6 Withdrawal of farming

LCF7 Forests creation and management

LCF8 Water bodies creation and management

LCF9 Changes due to natural & multiple causes

Land cover 1990 & 2000 and land cover change are first converted to a grid

(below, 3x3 km)

Individual changes are grouped by land cover flows that describe

processes

CLC2006 update

• Highly requested by European Commission and EEA Member States – High interest in land cover changes – More frequent updates (< 10 years) – Improved data content (e.g. urban)

• Integration into GMES • Reliable, up-to-date and accessible information on the

environment for Europe

– GMES Fast Track Service on Land (delivery 2008) • CLC2006 update• 2 high-resolution layers

EEA / EionetEuropean Commission

European Space Agency

Proposed funding blocks

Total estimate: 14 Meuro

High resolution layers

In-situ data CLC2006 interpretation

Validation

Satellite images

Concept of GMES services on land monitoring based on EU and National

user requirements

Earth ObservationEarth ObservationEarth ObservationEarth Observation In situ monitoringIn situ monitoringIn situ monitoringIn situ monitoring

Downstream servicesDownstream servicesDownstream servicesDownstream services

Core land cover dataCore land cover dataserviceservice

Core land cover dataCore land cover dataserviceservice

Public funding

Industry services

GMES FTS Land first set of core land cover data

products

CLC 2006CLC 2006

Built-up area / sealingBuilt-up area / sealing

CLC ChangesCLC Changes

Products to deliver in 2008

1. Ortho-rectified satellite images for the reference year 2006 (+/- 1 year);

2. European mosaic based on ortho-rectified satellite imagery (IMAGE2006);

3. Corine land cover changes 2000-2006;4. Corine land cover map 2006 (CLC2006);5. High resolution built-up areas including

degree of soil sealing 2006;6. High resolution forest mask 2006.

Agreed boundary conditions during preparatory work 2005-

2006Snap shot covering EU MS and neighbouring countries

Continuity of Corine land cover guaranteed

Core land cover data available within 1.5 year after the satellite data acquisition

Updates at least every 5 years

Coordination of European with national, regional, local monitoring activities

Building on existing land cover and land use experience and monitoring activities.

Co-ownership of the products guaranteed

Open access and free dissemination data policy maintained

Thank you for your interest

In case of questions: [email protected]

European land cover mapping Stefan Kleeschulte European Topic Centre on Terrestrial Environment.

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