Involvement Information Session Center for Leadership & Involvement
European Involvement
description
Transcript of European Involvement
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European Involvement
World War II Notes
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Prelude to War Terms that you should know
MilitarismNationalismImperialism
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AXIS POWERS
Countries involved in World War 2
ALLIED POWERSFranceGreat BritainUnited StatesRussia
GermanyItalyJapan
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Prelude to War New forms of governments formed after World War 1
Totalitarian rule-Idea that a government exerts total control over a nation.
Fascism- Emphasizes the importance of the nation or an ethnic group and the supreme authority of the ruler. (ITALY)
Nazism-The belief in Germany of the superiority of an ethnic group or race
Socialism- where everyone is created equal and the nation is to provide for everything for everybody.
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Prelude to War (Russia) New forms of governments formed after World War 1
Communism- A system of government in which a nation is created where it has no individual states, money is not important and that a class system doesn’t exist. (Russia and today China)
Leader-StalinComes to power in 1924 after Lenin’s
Death and has his own idea’s of Communism
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Prelude to War (Russia)Stalin’s Economic plans for Russia
Agriculture Combined family farms into huge collectives run by the
state. (Cooperatives) This led to terrible shortages of food and Stalin
punished his own people who resisted the changes. (Either killed them or sent them to prison camps in Siberia.) pg 569
IndustryTook his people and assigned them to build industrial
centers to produce coal, iron, oil etc.Guns versus butter-Stalin put all of the Soviet
Unions wealth and money into industry, there was a shortage of housing, clothing and food.
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Prelude to War How did Stalin accomplish all of this in 10
years???Purges-removing enemies and undesirable
people from powerReign of Terror-Stalin removed anyone who
could threaten his power in the Communist party by trials
By 1939- 7 million arrested, 1 million executed and
millions more in forced labor camps.
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Prelude to War (Italy)Fascism- Leader- Benito Mussolini Fought in world war 1, angry over the agreements of the
Versailles Treaty, started to speak up against the government
Formed the Fascist party and started to take control by using gangs to gain power.
Named Prime Minister when Mussolini threated to march on Rome, Italy.
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Prelude to War (Italy)Fascism- Leader- Benito Mussolini
To end Italy's economic problems they outlawedElectionsOther political partiesEstablished a dictatorship with him in
control.
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Prelude to War (Germany) Nazism- Leader-Adolf Hitler
Wounded in World War 1 also.Had a profound hatred of the war-guilt cause,
which blamed Germany for the war.Formed the Nazi party in response to what was
happening in Germany at this time (Unemployment, Inflation, Starvation, etc.)
Great Public Speaker and attracted many followers after the war.
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Prelude to War (Germany)The Nazi Party
November 1923-Hitler tried to overthrow the German government and was sentenced to prison for 5 years (9 months served)
Mein Kampf “My Struggle”proposed anger over the Treaty of VersaillesBuild up of Germany’s military-MilitarismExpanding Germany’s borders-ImperialismPurifying the Aryan (German) race by removing
those who were considered undesirable.
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Prelude to war Prelude to war part 1 Prelude to war part 2 Prelude to war part 3
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Germany’s GoalsWanted to avoid a long warGermany's strategy was to defeat its
opponents in a series of short campaigns
Strategy: "Blitzkrieg" (lightning war)
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Germany’s Strategy: Blitzkrieg
Tactic based on speed surprise, co-ordination and movement.
Designed to hit hard and then move on instantly
Video
Required the application of offensive weaponsTanks, planes, and
artillery (foot soldiers)
Causes shock and disorganization among the enemy defenses
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How did it work? German air power prevented the enemy from
adequately resupplying or redeploying forces and thereby from sending reinforcements to seal breaches in the front. German forces could in turn surround opposing troops and force surrender.
Hitler Unleashes Blitzkrieg German’s invaded Poland September
1st 1939
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Germany invades Western Europe
Denmark and Norway-April 9th 1940 Defeated after 5 days
BelgiumDefeated in 3 weeks
Ultimately France-June 10th France Surrendered
Most of Europe was under German Control with only Great Britain left to defend itself.
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Battle of Dunkirk Defense and evacuation of British
and allied forces in Europe from 26 May–4 June 1940s
Part of the Battle of France
Operation Dynamo
850 “Little Ships”
2,000 troops per hour
Nine days later, 338,226 trapped people were rescued
DURKIRK SPIRIT
MIRACLE OF DELIVERANCE
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Robert Tierney, Dorset Regiment returning back from Dunkirk
We saw these small specks popping about all over the place, only when they got real close did we then realize that they were small boats, small boats in their hundreds going the other way. Then we saw that all these craft were manned by civilians, some even wearing trilby hats and smart jackets. They waved to us as they passed and anyone would think that they were on a Sunday cruise down to Windsor, these fellows had no idea as to what was at the end of their journey. A couple of fellows by the handrail gave them a cheer, and suddenly just about every soldier on our ship then gave three hearty cheers lifting their hats at the same time.
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Lebensraum “Living Space”
Wanted space for the “superior race” – Nazi Nationalists
The “inferior race” living on Nazi territory – Gypsies and the Jews
Sent to concentration camps or ghettos for slave labor or to be sent to death – RESETTLEMENT
The Nazis stripped away the Jews lives and their identities in an effort to expand their own race at the expense and mistreatment of the Jewish race.
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Battle of Britain Immediately after the defeat of France,
Adolf Hitler ordered his generals to organize the invasion of Britain.
Objective was to land 160,000 German soldiers along a forty-mile coastal stretch of south-east England.
video
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Battle in the AirLuftwaffe: Germany’s large
number of fighter planes Royal Air Force (RAF):
Britain's fighter planes German fighters could only
stay over England for about half an hour before flying back to their home bases.
Britain had a radar system
On the 12th August, 1940, the German air force began its mass bomber attacks on British radar stations, aircraft factories and fighter airfields
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Battle of Britain: EndThe climax of the Battle of Britain came on the
30th-31st AugustBritish lost 50 aircraft compared to the
Germany's 41. The RAF were close to defeat but Adolf Hitler
then changed his tactics and ordered the Luftwaffe to switch its attack from British airfields, factories and docks to civilian targets.
This decision was the result of a bombing attack on Berlin
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Damage in London London was bombed by the Germans = The Blitz During the conflict the Royal Air Force lost 792
planes and the Luftwaffe 1,389. There were 2,353 men from Great Britain and 574 from overseas who were members of the air crews that took part in the Battle of Britain.
An estimated 544 were killed and a further 791 lost their lives in the course of their duties before the war came to an end.
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Response JournalPut your feet in the life of a European teen your
age during this time period. You can choose to write about being in the shoes of a soldier during a battle, a civilian caught in a battle, or a prisoner in a concentration camp. I expect you to sincerely reflect with the knowledge you learned about the Nazi’s tactics and the morale the underdogs held. Highlight tactics, concepts, and battles we discussed in class.
1-2 paragraphs No grammar/spelling errors. Due in the beginning of class tomorrow. – 10 points… 2 minutes of writing time.
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Section 3
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Prelude to war (Japan) Japan as a modern power Fought wars versus china (1894) and Russia (1904) (Defeated
them both) Early 1920s, A series of Recessions in the Japanese Economy
Went into a depression as a result of the Great Depression in the United States
Nationalism Manchurian Incident – Start of Japanese involvement in the pacific Japan Needed resources to feed its people and to power its
industry.
Feb 1932Pg 583 Japan’s imperialism
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Prelude to war (Japan) Military slowly took control by a series of
assassinations after the Manchurian incident China
Sino-Japanese war Japan invades China in 1937Video
Burma RoadBritain's attempt to help the Chinese
by sending supplies down a highway that linked Myanmar to China
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Prelude to war (Japan) By annexing the neighboring countries and a
build up of its’ military forces, Japan became a world power at this time
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United States (Pre WW2)
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Prelude to War (U.S.)Neutrality acts-
1935-Banned U.S. for selling weapons to nations at war
1936-Banned loans to nations at war1937-Permitted trade in non-military goods
as long as they paid cash and transported the goods themselves (CASH AND CARRY)
ALL EXAMPLES OF ISOLATIONISMFireside chats
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Prelude to War (U.S.)America’s Role in World Politics
FDR wanted to be more involved but the Great Depression keep Roosevelt focused on Domestic matters.
America’s economy was recovering slowly
America’s opinions were to support Britain and go against Germany and Italy (Axis Powers)
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Prelude to War (U.S.)America’s Role in World Politics
Exchange of old Navy Destroyers for military bases in the Western Hemisphere
Thought that the exchange would lead the United States into war
America First Committee-Group that wanted to prevent further aid to Britain, saying that any more involvement would plunge the nation into war.
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Prelude to War (U.S.)Lend Lease-Lending Britain money and
supplies instead of charging them cash.Pearl HarborDec 7th 1941
Japan attacks the United StatesVIDEOVIDEO 2President’s speech
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Chapter 18 The World at war
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Chapter 18 Section 1America prepares for warFireside ChatAmerica out of the great depression creates
industries geared to production of war products (Guns, ammo, ships, etc) GUNS VS. BUTTER
The American public goes through a series of steps for rationing productsRationing-limiting the supply of goods sent to
the people of a country during a time of crisis.
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Chapter 18 Section 1Steps to rationing
Office of War Mobilization-VIDEO
Victory garden-Black Market-Ration Card-Ration Stamps-
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Victory garden-
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Ration Card-
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Ration Stamps-
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Black Market-
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War in Europe Chapter 18 Section 2
With the United States now into the war, the Allies and the Axis Powers are now defined as enemies.
The United States focuses all its might and energy into helping Great Britain defeat Nazi Germany and help in Europe.
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War in Europe Chapter 18 Section 2
Atlantic Charter- Video The first action for the allies was in North Africa to gain
a toehold into Europe Wolf Packs- German Submarines who wreaked havoc on
shipping in the North Atlantic,. They tried to cut off all supplies to the British Island which almost single-handedly won the war for Germany
Video
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War in Europe Chapter 18 Section 2
The Eastern Front-Germany invades Russia during June 1941
Germany is halted by the brutal Russian winter at Stalingrad 1942
Eventually they are beaten back after heavy losses of both men and machine.
Video
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War in Europe Chapter 18 Section 2
Carpet bombing- The use of heavy bombers to reduce a city to rubble to force a country into submission
Video
The bombing campaign while effective was not a solution to make Germany surrender so an invasion of the European continent was planned
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War in Europe Chapter 18 Section 2
D-Day-Operation Overlord The 5 beaches at Normandy France
Sword, Omaha, Juno, Utah and gold Saving Private Ryan Lead by Dwight D. Eisenhower, would later become
president Largest Amphibious operation of its kind to retake
Europe
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War in Europe Chapter 18 Section 2
Battle of the Bulge Last German offensive of the war, tried to create a gap in
the Allied lines to force a retreat to drag out the war.VideoAfter the German defeat at the battle of the bulge, The
allies quickly pull into Germany and defeat is final on May 8th 1945 V-E Day; Victory in EuropeYalta conference: The allies met to divide Germany into
four zones and what to do in Europe afterwards
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War in the Pacific Chapter 18 Section 4
Japanese forces advance in the pacific warFall of the Philippines
Bataan Death march U.S. Forces were captured and forced to march to a prisoner
camp over the span of 12 days 10,000 died on the march and 15,000 more die at the prison.
Geneva Convention Written in 1929 which defined treatment of prisoners of war
which the Japanese ignored
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War in the Pacific Chapter 18 Section 4
The war at sea Important battles
Battle of the Coral Sea-no one won the battle but prevented the Japanese from invading Australia
Battle of Midway-Turning point of the war in the pacific, the U.S. Navy destroyed most of the Japanese carrier fleet
VIDEO The victory enabled the U.S. to go on the offensive
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War in the Pacific Chapter 18 Section 4
The war at sea Important battles
Battle of Guadalcanal-FEB 19431st victory of the U.S. on land which took territory
away from Japan Island Hopping-selectively attacking certain
islands held by Japan while bypassing others to cut off supplies and reinforcements, enabled the U.S. to get to the ultimate goal, Japan, faster.
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War in the Pacific Chapter 18 Section 4
Map of island hopping
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War in the Pacific Chapter 18 Section 4
Battle of the Leyte GulfTaking back the PhilippinesDouglas MacArthur makes good on his promise
to returnKamikaze
Japan, short on planes and warships, loaded their airplanes with gas and explosives and they crashed into American ships
Similar to suicide bombers of today
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War in the Pacific Chapter 18 Section 4
Douglas MacArthur
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War in the Pacific Chapter 18 Section 4
Iwo Jima and OkinawaMost brutal fighting of the Pacific
war, these two islands were to provide an air base to attack Japan directly
Iwo Jima 25,000 American casualties
Okinawa 50,000 diedVIDEOVIDEO flag rising
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War in the Pacific Chapter 18 Section 4
Iwo Jima famous photograph
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War in the Pacific Chapter 18 Section 4
Okinawa and Iwo Jima
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War in the Pacific Chapter 18 Section 4
Okinawa and Iwo Jima
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War in the Pacific Chapter 18 Section 4 Japan is ready to be beaten but surrender is not
an option in their culturePresident Roosevelt dies in
office April 12th 1945 a month before V-E day
Harry S. Truman inherits the office of the presidency and faces a difficult decision in the Pacific war.
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War in the PacificGet into groups of 2You are the president of the
united states and these are the four scenario’s that you must choose from to end the war in the pacific
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War in the Pacific Chapter 18 Section 4What would you do as the new
president? 1) Invade the main island of Japan and lose 1,000,000
American troops? 2) use a new secret weapon being developed in the
United States unleashing a horrible new destructive technology but it is unknown how powerful it is or the long term effects.
3) blockade the island and starve Japan along with bombing them into submission
4) soften demands for an unconditional surrender
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War in the Pacific You must choose from one of the
four scenarios and give reasons why your group chose the one you went with, and also give at least 1 reason of why the other reasons were rejected. You have 10 minutes to complete this project and be ready to defend your decision in front of the class
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War in the Pacific Chapter 18 Section 4Manhattan project
To build the world’s first nuclear deviceTested at Los Alamos, New MexicoAlbert Einstein, a former German scientist
worked on the projectCreated under the direction of Robert
Oppenheimer, who after witnessing the successful test (called the Trinity Test) was quoted “Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.”
VIDEO
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War in the Pacific Chapter 18 Section 4V-J Day August 15th 1945
Unconditional surrender aboard the USS Missouri
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Genocide on the European continent Section 3
Timeline Anti-Semitism-discrimination or hostility directed at the Jewish
population Mid 1800s in Germany Holocaust-term used to describe the persecution and
extermination of the Jewish people in Europe by Germany 1933-1945
Concentration Camp-prison which contained anyone deemed “undesirable” by the German state
Kristallnacht-Night of Broken Glass, Nazis destroyed Jewish stores and places of worship and shipped thousands of Jews to the concentration camps after one night November 9th, 1938
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Genocide on the European continent Section 3Timeline
Warsaw Ghetto-1940Germany houses the Jewish population in the city to starve
Wannsee Conference-Nazi officials met and decided on a “Final Solution” of the Jewish question Jan 1942
Which meant the systematic extermination of all Jews in Europe
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Genocide on the European continent Section 3Timeline
Genocide-deliberate destruction of an ethnic or cultural group
Death Camps-camps designed with one purpose in mind, to kill as many people as possible in the shortest amount of time.
Nuremberg Trials-Nuremberg Germany where high ranking German officials were put on trial for crimes against humanity.
VIDEO
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Genocide on the European continent Section 3In the end over 6 million Jews
were exterminated during World War 2
Holocaust Museum-Auschwitz Concentration Ca
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Japanese Internment Internment-Forced relocation of Japanese citizens
in the Western United States to different locations throughout the U.S.
Nisei-Term used for Japanese Americans VIDEO The Japanese Americans were forced to leave their
homes, businesses, which were then taken by the United States government
In 1988, Congress authorized repayment of $20,000 dollars and an apology for the crimes committed by the U.S. government against its’ own citizens