Chapter 23 & 24 I.D’s1. The weekend – the distinct time of recreation and leisure that were established by new work

patterns2. Coney Island & Blackpool – amusement parks that were very close to New York and London,

respectively3. Day trippers – Lower class people who swarmed to these new recreation and amusement parks4. Thomas Edison & Joseph Swan – inventors who made advancements towards the invention of the

light bulb and lighting of homes and cities5. Graham Bell – the inventor of the telephone in the 20th century6. Guglielmo Marconi – the inventor who sent the first radio transmissions across the Atlantic in

19017. Internal combustion engine – engine first powered by gas and air that was first invented in 1878

and then was powered by oil and was used in automobiles and the airplane8. Gottlieb Daimler – inventor of the light engine which helped the advancement of the automobile9. Henry Ford – American who revolutionized the automobile industry with mass production of car

and the advancement of the production line10. Wilbur and Orville Wright – brothers who made the first flight that was powered by a gasoline

engine11. Cartels – the grouping of individual enterprises that worked with fixed production quotas and

controlled prices12. Assembly line – the system of production with interchangeable parts which rationalized the

production of different products.13. Second Industrial Revolution – the period from 1895 until World War I which Europe had an

economic boom and achieved a great level of prosperity14. Sweatshops & sweating – the area of labor in which women went into to supplement their

husband and family wages and incomes15. White-collar jobs – the development of government services and factory plants allowed women to

have these jobs, such as secretaries, typists, file clerks, and salesclerks. 16. Contagious Disease Act – the act in which the British government gave the authorities the right to

examine prostitutes for venereal diseases.17. Wilhelm Liebknect & August Bebel – the leaders of the German Social Democratic Party which

ran in elections to German parliament18. Social Democratic Party – the party that worked in German Parliament to improve the condition

of the working class.19. Jean Jaures – the leader of French Socialism who looked to the French revolution tradition rather

than Marxism20. May Day – was made international labor day to be marked by strikes and mass labor

demonstrations21. Marxist revisionism – the act of revisions to the original Marxist ideas22. Eduard Bernstein – an evolutionary socialist who had spend many year in exile in Britain who

ended up in the Social Democratic Party23. Michael Bakunin and anarchism – revolution that more prominent in less developed and less

democratic countries24. Public Health Act of 1875 – prohibited the building of buildings without running water and an

internal drainage system25. V.A. Huber and Octavia Hill – German house reformer who said it was important to have a pure

family dwelling.26. Garden City movement – advocated the construction of cities with a country area in between that

would provide fresh air and recreational activities27. Plutocrats – wealthy aristocrats that ran societal and government in the 19th century

28. Consuelo Vanderbilt – the spouse of the duke of Marlborough who brought almost £2 million to her husband

29. Domestic servants – the jobs of the lower classes which had very low wages and there were huge numbers

30. Lord Tennyson’s The Princess – the poem that expressed women’s roles in what society portrayed them, such as being at home

31. Boy Scouts – provided organized recreation for boys in Britain between the ages of twelve and eighteen

32. Yellow Press – tabloids that provided detailed crime stories, gossip, sports news, and other news stories

33. Music halls and dance halls – halls that were to provide the lower class with recreation34. Thomas Cook – British pioneer for mass leisure who had been responsible for organizing a

railroad trip35. The Football Association – Physical associations for the advancement of the sports in the world36. Reform Act of 1884 – act that expanded the right to vote in Britain and gave the right to all men

who paid rent or taxes37. Irish Home Rule – self government by having a separate parliament but not complete

independence 38. France’s Third Republic – Bismarck forced the French to choose a government by male suffrage

but the monarchists won39. The Commune – an independent republican government in Paris40. General Georges Boulanger – popular military officer with all who were in favor for waging war

against Germany41. Spanish American War – War in which Spain loss and with that they also had Cuba and the

Philippines taken from them42. Cuba and the Philippines – Spanish territories that were given to the United States after Spain’s

loss in the Spanish American War 43. The Reichstag – the lower part of German Parliament that were voted in on the basis of male

suffrage44. Kulturkampf - the struggle for civilization in which Bismarck and the Catholic Church fought

over cultural differences45. Bismarck’s welfare legislation – legislation that was towards a new welfare system under

Bismarck’s control46. William II – the Emperor of Germany who was eager to pursue his own policies47. Magyarization – the process of introducing the Magyar language into schools of Hungary48. Alexander III and Nicolas II – Russian monarchs who tried for reform throughout the country of

Russia49. Russification – the tsar banned all other languages except Russian in the school system and

government activities50. Max Planck - a Berlin physicist that maintained that energy is radiated discontinuously in

irregular patterns called quanta51. Albert Einstein’s E=mc² - the epochal formula that Einstein he formed of energy and states that

each particle of matter52. Friedrich Nietzsche’s slave morality – one of the intellectuals who glorified the irrational and

stated that society was not capable of cultural activity 53. Henry Bergson’s life force – one of the influential speakers of French blah blah54. Sigmund Freud and psychoanalysis – Viennese doctor who added uncertainties to the age and

published his book Interpretation of Dreams, which is psychoanalysis55. The ego, id, and superego – the principal of humanity56. Social Darwinism and Herbert Spencer – the application of Darwin’s principle of organic

evolution to the social order

57. Houston Stewart Chamberlain - Englishman who became a German citizen and was a propagandist for volkish thought

58. Ernst Renan’s Life of Jesus – French Catholic scholar who talked of the historical accuracy of the Bible

59. Pius IX’s Syllabus of Errors – a papal encyclical in which he condemned nationalism, socialism, religious toleration, and freedom of speech

60. Leo XIII’s De Rerum Novarum - work in which the Pop upheld the individual right to own property

61. Emile Zola and Leo Tolstoy - was an influential French writer who wrote about how alcohol affects people

62. Symbolists – Interested in writing poetry and believe that real knowledge of the world is impossible

63. Impressionism - style of painting is characterized chiefly by concentration on the general impression

64. Camille Pissarro and Claude Monet – Impressionist artists who painted in the impressionist way65. Post Impressionism – retained the emphasis on light and color but added more attention to form

and structure66. Paul Cezanne and Vincent van Gogh – artists that felt that art was a spiritual experience and that

artists should paint what they feel67. George Eastman – photographer who produced the first Kodak camera for the mass market in

188868. Pablo Picasso and Cubism – one of the most important modern artists who created a new style of

painting called cubism which focused on geometric shapes.69. Wassily Kandinsky and Abstract Expressionism – Russian who lived in Germany that was one of

the founders of abstract painting70. Igor Stravinsky – revolutionary piece of developmental music called the rite of spring71. The Pankhursts and the suffragettes – Something about European history and all that jazz but I

cannot find in the book. Thanks bruh.72. Maria Montessori – attended medical school at the University of Rome and became the first

Italian women to receive a medical degree73. Alfred Dreyfus - artists that felt that art was a spiritual experience and that artists should paint

what they feel74. Theodore Herzl and Zionism – Jewish nationalist movement against the persecutions of their

people75. Fabian Socialists – group of intellectuals and workers who stressed for workers to be in the

House of Commons 76. David Lloyd George – a brilliant orator from Wales who was a great reformer towards coal

miners and workers77. Transformismo – system in which old political groups were transformed into new government

coalitions78. Pan-German League – group that expressed strong German nationalism and promoted

imperialism 79. Russo-Japanese War – the war fought between Japan and Russia; food shortages80. Bloody Sunday – day when Russian activists and peaceful protesters were shot down in St

Petersburg Russia81. Peter Stolypin - The Tsars chief advisor who helped to pass reforms that dissolved the owning of

land and let the peasants own82. New Imperialism – the intense scramble for overseas territories that European states embarked on

in the 1880s83. White man’s burden – the belief that Europeans are better than the rest of the world and were

obligated to impose their practices onto the world

84. Cecil Rhodes – founded both diamond and gold companies that monopolized these commodities85. Boer War – war from 1899 to 1902 that the British fought against the Boer rulers of South Africa86. Suez Canal – canal opened by the French in Egypt in 186987. Hong Kong – obtained by the British through war and also had trading rights in other Chinese

cities88. Open door policy – policy in which one country would not restrict the commerce of the other

countries in its sphere of influence89. Commodore Matthew Perry – Naval officer who forced the Japanese to grant the United States

trading rights in Japan90. Boxer Rebellion – secret organization called the Society of Harmonious Fists whose aim was to

push foreigners out of China91. Meiji Restoration – the transformation of Japan to modernize the country to be more like Western

society92. Indian National Congress – formed when educated Indians wanted a self government apart from

British rule93. Bismarckian System – exercised a restraining influence on the Europeans in terms of war94. Congress of Berlin – met in the summer of 1878 that was dominated by Bismarck and

demolished the Treaty of San Stefano95. Triple Alliance – Germany, Italy, and Austria that was made to protect themselves from France96. Emperor William II – embarked on an activist foreign policy to enhance Germany’s standing in

Europe 97. Triple Entente – Great Britain, France, and Russia came together as a loose alliance to oppose

the triple alliance98. Balkan’s Crisis – Serbians fought with one another that caused a chain of events that would lead

to the outcome of World War I