European Exploration

1492 - 1700

In the 1400s, a large type of state had developed in Western Europe. Strong monarchs rose to power in Spain, Portugal, England, and France. These ambitious monarchs sought ways to increase trade and make their countries even stronger and wealthier. The Europeans who explored and settled in North America during the 1500s also wanted to spread their Christian faith.

Reasons for European Exploration

Increase trade

Make country stronger

Make country

wealthier

Spread Christian

faith

Who distributed the Asian goods to North Europeans?

Italians

Based on this map, what can you infer was the reason that Europeans sailed westward?

To find a water route to acquire Asian goods directly

Mercantilism is an economic system that stresses the goals of the national government rather than the individual. It was the main economic system in Europe during the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries. This system required the national government to strictly control businesses to meet certain objectives, such as exporting (selling) more goods to other countries than importing (buying) goods from other countries. Within a country, trade barriers (such as taxes) were dropped. According to mercantilist philosophy, [using] the natural resources of a nation's colonies was a worthwhile effort.

Under a mercantilist economy, who controls trade and taxes?

The National Government/Mother Country

Using the middle picture, what allows the mother country to have a favorable balance of trade?

More Exports than imports

Using the picture on the right, explain how mercantilism works.

Colonies send raw materials to the Mother Country. The Mother Country makes manufactured goods from the raw materials and then sells them to the colonies

Based on this graph, what are 2 reasons why England, France, and Portugal would want to explore and colonize the New World during the early 1600s

1. They saw Spain getting rich2. They were worried Spain would become the most

powerful country

Using the above map, identify the circled areas.

1. North America2. South America3. Europe4. Africa

Using the previous map, what do the Americas/Colonies ship to Europe? What is shipped to the Americas

1. Raw Materials2. Slaves

Trade

The Atlantic Ocean becomes a bridge that connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas

The movement of trade ships between Europe, Africa, and the Americas (or any 3 locations) is known as Triangular trade

Using the above map, what was the voyage of slaves from Africa to the Americas called?

The Middle Passage

The voyage that brought captured Africans to the West Indies and later to North and South America was known as the middle passage. It was considered the middle leg of the transatlantic trade triangle. Sickening cruelty characterized this journey. In African ports, European traders packed Africans into the dark holds of large ships. On board, Africans endured whippings and beatings from merchants, as well as diseases that swept through the vessel.

Explain why European traders would pack Africans onto their ships to endure such horrible conditions?

The more slaves they brought over, the more money European traders made

The voyage that brought captured Africans to the West Indies and later to North and South America was known as the middle passage. It was considered the middle leg of the transatlantic trade triangle. Sickening cruelty characterized this journey. In African ports, European traders packed Africans into the dark holds of large ships. On board, Africans endured whippings and beatings from merchants, as well as diseases that swept through the vessel.

What would slaves be used for once they were brought to the Americas/Colonies?

To work on plantations

Slave Trade

Plantations, large farms, were established where cash crops could be grown

Consequences of European Exploration

European rivalries intensify, resulting in various wars throughout the next 3 centuries

According to the diagram, what is the negative part resulting from the Columbian Exchange?

The spread of diseases from the Old World to the New World

What would be the effect of the negative aspect of the Columbian Exchange?

The death of millions of Natives in the New World

Consequences of European Exploration

Due to Push-Pull factors, millions of immigrants will settle in the New World

Word Bank

1. Food shortage2. Famine3. Wars4. Natural Disasters

Food shortage Job opportunities Land FamineReligious freedom Political freedom Wars Natural disasters

PUSH PULL

1. Job Opportunities2. Land3. Religious

Freedom4. Political Freedom