EUROPEAN EXPLORATION 1420 -1580
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Transcript of EUROPEAN EXPLORATION 1420 -1580
EUROPEAN EXPLORATION 1420 -1580
Complete Chart on Explorers
Empires and Encounters
Source
Americas
Russian Empire
Europeans
Qing Dynasty ChinaOttoman Empire
MughalsWhat is the largest country in the world
today?
Building the Russian Empire
Kievan Rus1100
Source
986 Vladimir meets with representatives from several religions
Catholics not happy
Source
Kipchack Khanate
Saria
Physical Geography of the Russian Domain
Geography
1400’s
The First CZAR
• Ivan III• Czar?• Tsar? How? /
Why?And what doesIt all mean anyway?
Zoe (Sophia) of Byzantium
Refusing the Khan
Ivan III -- Ivan the Great
• Ivan III (1462 to 1505)
• Defeated Mongols
• Named himself ‘tsar’– Caesar (emperor) in
Russian
• Tripled territory
• Moscow: “The Third Rome”
Ivan IV “The Terrible” • Consolidated power in 16th
century• Ruthless, killed all who opposed• Established law• Built St. Basil’s
The Romanov’s (1613-1917)
Michael Nicholas II
Peter the Great (1672 -1725)
Catherine the Great• German princess
– Married heir to throne– An ‘incompetent moron’– Consented to his murder
• Ruled 1762 to 1796• Expanded empire
– Defeated Ottomans– Swallowed Poland
Ethnicities of Russian Empire(at its height)
Great Russians Ukrainians PolesWhite Russians Jews KirghizTartars Finns GermansLatvians Bashkirs LithuaniansArmenians Roumanians EstoniansMordvinians Georgians TadzhiksTurkmens And many other smaller groups
• Ethnic Russians made up less than HALF of the total population!
How was Russia Ruled?
• Unlimited or absolute monarchy
• Nobility served the crown
• Nobility also ran central government
Orthodox Church
Most deeply religious‘Red corner’ at home
Priests paid by state
Blind obedience to God =
Blind obedience to Tsar
Life under the Tsar
Ivan IV (the terrible)1530 to 1584
Catherine the Great1729to 1796
Yasak - tributeSable
29:00-36:40
Epidemics strike remote populations
Benefits of Conversion
Mass migration
Russification
7. “The All-Russian Empire is unique in the world!” –official Russian document from 1785
Do you agree with this assessment? Why or why not? Support your response using specific examples and details from the chapter (i.e. compare the Russian empire to the Spanish and British empires in the Americas).
Qing Dynasty
China
Dynastic Cycle
New Dynasty
Old Dynasty
Problems
New Dynasty claims Mandate of Heaven
Old Dynasty•Taxes too much•Stops protecting people•Lets infrastructure decay•Treats people unfairly
Generations go by, New Dynasty becomes…
Old Dynasty loses Mandate of Heaven
Problems•Floods earthquakes•Peasant revolt•Invaders Attack•Bandits raid countryside
New Dynasty•Brings peace•(Re)builds infrastructure•Gives land to peasants•Protects people
• 8. What were the major features of Chinese empire building in the modern era?
Qing Dynasty China
Manchuria
XinjiangMongolia
Tibet
Military conquests1680-1760
Treaty of Nerchinsk
1689
Assimilation --- NO
Puning Temple, built to commemorate the defeat of the Dzungars SOURCE
Tax exemptions
Nobles
Buddhist Monks
Monasteries
Life Under Qing
Mass immigration --- NO
SOURCEManchu bannerman
How did central Europe, controlled by the Russians and Chinese, go into
decline and become backwards and impoverished?
• 9. How did Mughal attitudes and policies toward Hindu’s change from the time of Akbar to that of Aurangzeb?
Mughals Who are
the
Mughals?
1. Turks2. Muslim3. Descendants of Chinggis
Khan
1526 - 1707
Source
What was India like before the Mughals?
1. Fragmented2. Tribes, castes, sects,
languages
3rd emperor Akbar Emperor Aurangzeb
Ottoman Empire
10. The author of your text claims that: “The Ottoman encounter with Christian Europe spawned admiration and cooperation as well as fear and trembling.” Explain, using specific examples from the chapter for each pair of adjectives in italics, what the author meant.
Is now Istanbul
Founded 330 Constantine
Falls to Turks in 1453
Andrew Marr 3 39:20 – 47:20
Constantinople
Ottoman EmpireShia Islam
Sunni + Shia = conflict 1534 - 1639
Sunni IslamMany Christians convert
Balkans
Devshirme
Balkan life under the Ottoman
Janissaries
Threat to Christendom
Siege of Vienna1. 15292. 1683
Suleiman the Magnificent
Great Turkish War - a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and contemporary European powers, then joined into a Holy League, during the last decades of the 17th century
11. In what ways did the empires of this era (the early modern era) continue patterns of earlier empires? In what ways did they depart from those patterns?