European Black Poplar - DANUBEPARKS · 4/28/2014 2 Distribution area Populus nigra, the black...
Transcript of European Black Poplar - DANUBEPARKS · 4/28/2014 2 Distribution area Populus nigra, the black...
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European Black Poplar
(Populus nigra L.)
Saša Orlović Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment
Novi Sad (former Poplar Research Institute)
University of Novi Sad
Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment
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Distribution area
Populus nigra, the black poplar, is a species of cottonwood poplar, the type
species of section Aigeiros of the genus Populus, native to Europe, southwest and
central Asia, and northwest Africa
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Characteristics
It is a medium-sized to large
decidous tree, reaching 20–30 m
(rarely 40 m) tall, with a trunk up
to 1.5 m diameter.
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Characteristics
•Bark clear and smooth in juvenile
phase,
•Mature rough with longitudinal
fissures with characteristic
intercrossings
•Frequent burl (protrusion of trunk
around epicornic or dormant buds)
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Characteristics
The leaves are diamond-shaped
to triangular, 5–8 cm long and
6–8 cm broad, green on both
surfaces.[
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Characteristics
The species is dieocious (male
and female flowers on different
plants), with flowers in catkins
and pollination by wind
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Populus nigra in Serbia
Populus nigra L., Populus
pubescens (Parl.) Jov. et Tuc.,
Populus panonica it. et Bess.
(in lowlands), Populus
metohiensis Tuc. (on south part
of Serbia) and many
spontaneous simple and
complex hybrid.
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Populus nigra in Serbia
• P. nigra consist pure stands
(Populetum nigrae) and mixed
stands with Salix sp. (S. alba).
• The distribution on highest level of
alluvial sediment on soil type
fluvisol and humofluvisol.
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Conservation of Populus nigra in Serbia
• Activities on conservation started in 1993 (in situ)
• 60 genotypes collected and cloned in the Experimental estate
• Assessment of the susceptibility on diseases was conducted in juvenile
phase
• In 1996, PhD thesis was finished. The research in the thesis was
focused on different anatomical, physiological and morphological
characteristics. The results showed variability and stability of
characters on different soil types
• The biggest area for in situ conservation is in Nature reserve “Gornje
Podunavlje”
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Serbia in EUFORGEN Populus nigra Network
• EUGORGEN – Populus nigra Network started in
1994
• The First meeting where Serbian delegate
participate was held in Geraarsbergen (Belgium) in
1997
• Active participation started form 2002, when Serbia
joined to the Program
• 2 genotypes of P. nigra from Serbia were included
in EUFORGEN collection situated in Casale
Monferratto and Wageningen
• The copy of EUFORGEN P. nigra collection exist
on Experimental Estate of the Institute of Lowland
Forestry and Environment
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Threats to populations • Loss of habitat
• Introgression of alleles from hybrid poplars
• Diseases
• Pests
LOSS OF GENETIC VARIABILITY!!!!
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Dothichiza populea Sacc. et Br. – bark canker of
black poplars
• Black poplar and its clones have increased
sensitivity to this pathogen.
• Weakness parasite (young plants are
sensitive when their viability reduced)
• The most effective control – selection or
creation and introduction of less sensitive
clones in practice and production.
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• It occurs mainly in young plants
(aged 1-7 years)
• The fungus causes premature
defoliation and physiological
weakness of the plants.
• Protection measures: create
favorable conditions for the
development of plants and
fungicide application.
Marssonina brunnea Ell. et Ev. (P. Magn.) – causal
agent of brown leaf spot of black poplars
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• They appear in the second part of
the growing season (in the most
intense on adult trees).
• The consequences of attacking are
similar to the previous disease
(premature defoliation,
physiological weakness of the
plants, loss of increment).
• Protection measures: the choice of
less sensitive clones and application
of appropriate fungicides.
Melampsora spp. – poplar leaf rusts of black poplars
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Stilpnotia salicis – Satin moth
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Chrysomela populi – Poplar leaf beetle
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Phyllodecta vitelinae – Willow leaf beetle
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Pygaera anastomosis – Poplar tip moth
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Lymantria dispar – Gypsy moth
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Cryptorrhynchus lapathi – poplar and willow borer
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Chaitophorus leucomelas - poplar aphid
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Thanks to
Dr Ivan Herpka
(1924-2001)
Prof. dr Aleksandar Tucović
(1928-2004)
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Congratulations to Vojvodinašume for an
excellent project