European-African Partnership in Satellite Applicationsfor Sustainable Development

A Comprehensive Mapping of European-African Actors andActivities

Climate Change and Variability: Experience in use Climate Change and Variability: Experience in use of Space Technology over the Greater Hornof Space Technology over the Greater Horn

of Africaof Africa

in the framework of the conference “Space for the African Citizen”in the framework of the conference “Space for the African Citizen”hosted by the Belgian EU Council Presidency on 16 Septemberhosted by the Belgian EU Council Presidency on 16 September

Omondi P. A. (PhD)Omondi P. A. (PhD)ICPACICPAC

MAJOR AFRICAN CLIMATE CENTRESMAJOR AFRICAN CLIMATE CENTRES

ICPACNairobi

ACMADNiamey

SADCGaborone

IGAD CLIMATE PREDICTION AND IGAD CLIMATE PREDICTION AND APPLICATIONS CENTRE APPLICATIONS CENTRE

(ICPAC)(ICPAC)

a specialized Institution of the Intergovernmental Authority on a specialized Institution of the Intergovernmental Authority on development (IGAD) charged with the Responsibility of development (IGAD) charged with the Responsibility of

Coordinating all Regional Climate Risk Reduction related issues in Coordinating all Regional Climate Risk Reduction related issues in the Greater Horn of Africathe Greater Horn of Africa

ICPAC MISSIONICPAC MISSION: To provide climate information, prediction, timely early warning for applications in support of environmental management, disaster risk reduction and sustainable development in the IGAD Region

VisionVision: To become a viable regional centre of excellence in climate risk reduction including coping with present climate extremes as well as adaptation to future climate changes for environmental management, disaster risk reduction, poverty reduction and sustainable development.

April 10, 2023

OVERALL IMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGEOVERALL IMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

IRI-WMO Worksop Beijing China 19-30 October 2009

GLOBAL WARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGEGLOBAL WARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGE

• Global warming and overall climate change is now a scientific reality to be reckoned with in all countries of the world, and more particulary in Sub-Saharan Africa which has been shown to be the most vulnerable.

• In its Fourth Scientific Assessment brought out in 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the IPCC said global warming is “unequivocal, as is evidenced by numerous observations around the world.

CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND CLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE VARIABILITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE

• Climate variability is what we see more clearly in terms of the higher temperatures we are experiencing ,or changes in rainfall characteristics from season to season, and from year to year.

• We often realise we are dealing with change too late.

WHAT THE IPCC SAYS ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGEWHAT THE IPCC SAYS ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE

• “Global climate change will have a wide range of impacts, and overall negative health impacts will outweigh positive impacts.

• Changes in frequencies of heat and colds will be accompanied by an increase in morbidity and mortality;

• Other impacts will come from changes in the frequency of floods and droughts;

PerspectivesPerspectivesThe Problem

Climate change and variability are real – Extreme climate events are more frequent and devastating

Increasingly, there are evidence showing that climate, human and animal health are integrally linked in Africa through many different associations –(Zoonoses, malaria epidemics, RVF, Yellow fever ,respiratory disorders & other emerging and re-emerging diseases)

Many vector borne diseases are sensitive to changes in meteorological parameters such as- rainfall, temperature, and humidity

There are other climate change impacts that have a negative direct bearing on human health – Droughts, floods, food deficiency ,

Climate change will continue to influence the distribution and occurrence of communicable diseases and other health conditions– complicating their prevention and control and negate current achievements.

April 10, 2023

WHAT IS CAUSING CLIMATE CHANGE?

• Greenhouse gases such as CO2, CH4, N2O and CFCs help the atmosphere to act as a blanket by trapping heat energy and maintaining its temperature close to the earth’s surface.

• Global warming has been caused by excessive emission of these greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the environment through many anthropogenic activities.

• It is this warming that is altering the world’s climate!

• For the next two decades, a warming of about 0.2°C per decade is projected for a range of possible emission scenarios.

• Even if the concentrations of all greenhouse gases and aerosols had been kept constant at year 2000 levels, a further warming of about 0.1°C per decade would be expected.

• Temperature and precipitation extremes will be more frequent;

• Precipitation decreases likely in most marginal areas of the sub-tropical land regions, including Kenya.

Projections of Future Changes in ClimateProjections of Future Changes in Climate

CLIMATE IMPACTS ON DEVELOPMENT

FLOOD RISK

FLOODS AND MALARIA

CROPS

HealthHealth impacts and vulnerabilityimpacts and vulnerability

African Monitoring of the Environment in the IGAD region : overview and status

African Monitoring of the Environment for Sustainable Development

Land Degradation (LD)Land Degradation (LD)

Some productsSome products

Land cover change Vegetation condition/biomass

Water bodies and NDWI

Fire Indicators (habitat etc) Alerts

Data accessData access• Installation of AMESD thematic stations in Kenya, Ethiopia,

Somalia– DRSRS (Department for Resource Surveys and Remote

Sensing, Ministry of Environment and Mineral Resources)– SWALIM: as a focal point for Somalia based in Kenya– ICPAC, KMFRI: Kenyan Marine and Fisheries Research

Institute.– Ethiopian Mapping Agency, focal point, Ethiopia.

Data access cont…Data access cont…

• Upgrading of PUMA stations in Kenya– PUMA station at the Kenya Meteorological Department.– PUMA station at the ICPAC.

• Upgrading of PUMA stations in Ethiopia– PUMA station at Ethiopian Meterological Department

Remote Sensing as a ToolRemote Sensing as a Tool

Remote sensing is increasingly being used in disaster management, Early Warning Systems (EWS)

In disaster / risk managementIn disaster / risk managementRS data is needed for:

• Disaster preparedness • Disaster mitigation

  Disaster monitoring:

•the current situation

•before,

•during and

•after occurrence of Disaster.

MajorMajor Disasters Frequently Occurring in Africa Disasters Frequently Occurring in Africa

•Droughts

•Flooding

•Landslides

•Fire

•Volcanic hazards

•Epidemic Diseases

Satellite based rainfall estimation

Actual Rainfall PerformancePotential rainfall amounts (mm)

Use of NDVI in Biomass change monitoring

1st Dekad August 2001 3rd Dekad August 2001

Identification of Hotspots Identification of Hotspots

High resolution satellite data have been extensively used in

• the assessment of the impacts of floods on the local populace

• monitoring floods

• modeling/forecasting floods

Examples: Mozambique, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nile flooding in Khartoum.

FloodsFloods

Warning, tracking, damage assessment

Extensive flooding

Flooded Dwellings

Tree tops

Flooded Agricultural Fields

THANK YOU ALL FOR LISTENINGE-Mail: pomondi@icpac.netWebsite: www.icpac.net