EUROPE IN THE WORLD

From evidences to visions

Results of ESPON Project 3.4.1

Pierre BECKOUCHE (University Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne)Clarisse DIDELON (University of Le Havre)Claude GRASLAND (University of Paris 7 Diderot)

INTRODUCTION

Schuman's declaration and the World

Once upon a time , the 9 may 1950, ...

Evidence 1 : DIFFERENT LIMITS OF EUROPECAN BE PROPOSED.

Eurasia, Euro-Mediterranea,

Euro-Africa ?

Evidence 2 : WHOLE BETTER THAN PARTS

What is the size of EU as compared

to other world regions ?

EU27 = 12% of the world in 1999

Area SUP AGR POP URB GDP CO2 MEAN

NAFTA 16 18 7 11 26 28 17.6

ASEAN 10+3 11 14 33 28 25 24 22.4

MERCOSUR 5+5 13 7 6 10 6 3 7.4

UE 27 3 9 8 13 23 17 12.0

Rest of the World 57 52 47 38 22 28 38.7

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100.0

Evidence 3 : EUROPEAN UNION IS A SHRINKING WORLD REGION

What will be the size of EU in the

future ?

Share of World population by state (1950-2000)

EU share of world-wide population

6 %

Share of World GDP pps by state (1950-2000)

EU share of world-wide GDP pps

20%

Evidence 4 : GROWING AREAS ARE IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD

What are the consequences for

EU, Japan or USA ?

Trends of human development in EU Neighbourhood (1975-2000)

Evidence 5 : EU IS STILL A MAJOR ECONOMIC PLAYER

What is the geography of the

commercial influence of EU ?

Evidence 6 : EU IS WELL CONNECTED TO THE “GLOBAL CITY”

What are the gateway cities of

EU ?

Evidence 7 : EU IS ATTRACTIVE FOR MIGRANT BUT NOT NECESSARY WITH EXPECTED QUALIFICATION

Does migration fit with EU market needs ?

Evidence 8 : EU IS THE FIRST DONOR OF AID TO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Does EU and member states share a common strategy toward developing countries ?

Evidence 9 : EU INFLUENCE IN THE WORLD IS IMPORTANT BUT UNEVEN.

Is it possible to propose a synthetic delimitation of EU influence area ?

The measure of EU gobal influence …

Global influence(34 % of information)

… balanced by two other dimensions

Colonial dimension(24 % of information)

Cultural dimension(12 % of information)

Evidence 10 : EU BORDERS ARE OF HIGH SIGNIFICANCE IN THE MINDS.

What are the mental maps of Europe for EU citizens, researchers and policy makers ?

Question 1 : What is your delimitation of Europe ?

Question 2 : Divide the World in Regions

Turkey

Russia

NorthernAfrica

Greenland

CONCLUSION

Which vision of European Union in the World ?

At less four possible visions

Workshop 1THE “CONTINENT” VISION: towards a protected and closed European territory

Workshop 2THE “CENTRE-PERIPHERY” VISION: towards a dissymmetrical EU / neighbourhood pattern

Workshop 3THE “ARCHIPELAGO” VISION: toward rising territorial polarisation

Workshop 1, 2, 3 THE “REGIONAL ” VISION: an attempt of pro-active scenario

The missing sentence of 9 may 1950 declaration...

• (FRA) « L'Europe pourra, avec des moyens accrus, poursuivre la réalisation de l'une de ses tâches essentielles : le développement du continent africain. »

• (DEU) « Europa wird dann mit vermehrten Mitteln die Verwirklichung einer seiner wesentlichsten Aufgaben verfolgen können: die Entwicklung des afrikanischen Erdteils. »

• (EN) « With increased resources Europe will be able to pursue the achievement of one of its essential tasks, namely, the development of the African continent .»

• (SPA) « Europa podrá, con mayores medios, proseguir la realización de una de sus tareas esenciales : el desarrollo del continente africano. »

• (ROM) Europa va putea, cu mult mai multe mijloace, sa treaca la realizarea unuia dintre obiectivele sale esentiale: dezvoltarea continentului african.

• (BUL) С увеличаване на ресурсите си Европа ще може да постигне успех и в една от основните си задачи - развитието на африканския континент.