Europe Enters the Europe Enters the Modern AgeModern Age

Modern AgeModern Age

1.1. Exploration – 1400 to 1600Exploration – 1400 to 1600

2.2. Scientific Revolution – 1500 to 1600Scientific Revolution – 1500 to 1600

3.3. Enlightenment (Age of Reason) – the Enlightenment (Age of Reason) – the 1600’s1600’s

Age of ExplorationAge of Exploration

►Began in 1418 lasted until 1620.Began in 1418 lasted until 1620.►Before the 1400’s, European explorers Before the 1400’s, European explorers

had limited knowledge of other had limited knowledge of other continents.continents.

►Portugal and Spain led the way.Portugal and Spain led the way.►A major reason for these voyages was A major reason for these voyages was

the desire to find sea routes to east the desire to find sea routes to east Asia.Asia. Europeans called east Asia the Indies.Europeans called east Asia the Indies.

What caused the Age of What caused the Age of Exploration to occur?Exploration to occur?

1.1. Europeans of this time had several Europeans of this time had several motives for exploring the world.motives for exploring the world.

2.2. Advances in knowledge and Advances in knowledge and technology helped make voyages of technology helped make voyages of discovery possible.discovery possible.

Motives for ExplorationMotives for Exploration

1.1. The desire to find new trade routes to The desire to find new trade routes to Asia.Asia.

2.2. Excited at the opportunity to gain more Excited at the opportunity to gain more knowledge.knowledge.

3.3. Explorers saw it as a way to earn fame, Explorers saw it as a way to earn fame, glory and wealth.glory and wealth.

4.4. Explorers also craved adventureExplorers also craved adventure5.5. Nations wanted to enlarge their bordersNations wanted to enlarge their borders6.6. To Spread ChristianityTo Spread Christianity

Advances in Knowledge and Advances in Knowledge and TechnologyTechnology

1.1. Advances in map making or Advances in map making or cartographycartography

1.1. 2. Improved ship design2. Improved ship design• CaravelsCaravels – small, fast and easy to maneuver. – small, fast and easy to maneuver.

1.1. 3. New navigational tools3. New navigational tools• Improved the compassImproved the compass• AstrolabeAstrolabe- an instrument used to - an instrument used to

observe and measure the position of the observe and measure the position of the sun and other heavenly bodiessun and other heavenly bodies

2.2. 4. New improved weapons4. New improved weapons

Portuguese ExplorersPortuguese Explorers

1.1. Prince Henry the Prince Henry the Navigator – was not Navigator – was not actually an explorer. He actually an explorer. He funded exploration and funded exploration and started a school of started a school of navigation.navigation.

2.2. Bartolomeu Diaz – 1Bartolomeu Diaz – 1stst explorer to go around explorer to go around the tip of Africa.the tip of Africa.

3.3. Vasco da Gama – Vasco da Gama – successfully sailed to successfully sailed to India (Spice Islands)India (Spice Islands)

4.4. Pedro Cabral – sailed Pedro Cabral – sailed southwest to avoid calms southwest to avoid calms (windless areas). He (windless areas). He ended up in modern day ended up in modern day Brazil. He sailed on to Brazil. He sailed on to India.India.

1. 2.

3. 4.

Impact of Portuguese Impact of Portuguese ExplorationExploration

► Changed Europeans’ understanding of the world in Changed Europeans’ understanding of the world in several waysseveral ways Explored the coast of AfricaExplored the coast of Africa Found a sea route to IndiaFound a sea route to India

► Took control of Eastern sea routesTook control of Eastern sea routes► Broke the hold of Muslims and Italians on Asian Broke the hold of Muslims and Italians on Asian

routeroute Prices of Asian goods like spices and fabrics dropped. Prices of Asian goods like spices and fabrics dropped.

More people could afford to buy them.More people could afford to buy them.► Colonized BrazilColonized Brazil

Native Brazilians suffered greatly – tried to convert them to Native Brazilians suffered greatly – tried to convert them to Christianity and forced into slavery on sugar plantationsChristianity and forced into slavery on sugar plantations

► Colonization also had impact on AfricaColonization also had impact on Africa The slave trade beganThe slave trade began

Early Spanish ExplorersEarly Spanish Explorers

1.1. Columbus – wanted to Columbus – wanted to find a western route find a western route to the Spice Islands. to the Spice Islands. He found what is now He found what is now the Caribbean Islands.the Caribbean Islands.

2.2. Ferdinand Magellan – Ferdinand Magellan – He believed that He believed that Columbus found a Columbus found a landmass in between landmass in between Europe and Asia. He Europe and Asia. He was the first to was the first to circumnavigate the circumnavigate the globe.globe.

Positive Impact of Early Spanish Positive Impact of Early Spanish ExplorationExploration

►Revealed the existence of the Revealed the existence of the Americas.Americas.

►Opened up a westward route to the Opened up a westward route to the IndiesIndies

►Proved it was possible to sail around Proved it was possible to sail around the world.the world.

►Columbus had found the New World.Columbus had found the New World.

Negative Impact of Early Negative Impact of Early Spanish ExplorationSpanish Exploration

► For the native people of the West Indies, For the native people of the West Indies, Spanish settlement was devastating.Spanish settlement was devastating.

1.1. Forced by priests to become Christians.Forced by priests to become Christians.

2.2. Forced to work as slaves in mines & on Forced to work as slaves in mines & on plantations.plantations.

► When the Spanish arrived, 1 to 2 million When the Spanish arrived, 1 to 2 million natives lived on the island. Within 50 natives lived on the island. Within 50 years, only 500 were left.years, only 500 were left.

► Spain brought millions of enslaved Africans Spain brought millions of enslaved Africans to work in American colonies.to work in American colonies.

Later Spanish ExplorersLater Spanish Explorers

►Hernan Cortes – conquered the Aztecs of Hernan Cortes – conquered the Aztecs of modern day Mexico.modern day Mexico.

► Francisco Pizarro – conquered the Incas of Francisco Pizarro – conquered the Incas of Peru.Peru.

Impact of Later Spanish Impact of Later Spanish ExplorationExploration

PositivesPositives1.1. Expanded foreign trade and colonization.Expanded foreign trade and colonization.2.2. Wealth from the Americas made Spain rich and Wealth from the Americas made Spain rich and

powerful.powerful.3.3. Brought corn and potatoes from the New World.Brought corn and potatoes from the New World.4.4. Spain introduced new animals to the Americas Spain introduced new animals to the Americas

(horses, cattle, sheep, pigs)(horses, cattle, sheep, pigs)

NegativesNegatives1.1. Destroyed two ancient civilizations (Aztecs & Destroyed two ancient civilizations (Aztecs &

Incas).Incas).► In 1519, there were about 25 million natives. By In 1519, there were about 25 million natives. By

1605, this number dwindled to 1 million natives.1605, this number dwindled to 1 million natives.

European (English, French, & European (English, French, & Dutch) Exploration of North Dutch) Exploration of North

AmericaAmericaKey ExplorersKey Explorers

1.1. John Cabot – Italian John Cabot – Italian sailed for England. sailed for England. Found Canada.Found Canada.

2.2. Verrazano – Italian Verrazano – Italian sailed for France. sailed for France. Explored the Atlantic Explored the Atlantic coast from North coast from North Carolina to Canada.Carolina to Canada.

3.3. Henry Hudson – English Henry Hudson – English explorer. Sailed first for explorer. Sailed first for the Netherlands and the Netherlands and then for England. then for England. Explored & founded Explored & founded what is now the Hudson what is now the Hudson BayBay

Impact of England, Impact of England, France, & Dutch France, & Dutch

ExplorationExploration1.1. Interest grew in Interest grew in

trading with Native trading with Native Americans.Americans.

2.2. Contributed to a war Contributed to a war between England & between England & Spain.Spain.

3.3. Started a shift in Started a shift in power. Spanish power power. Spanish power declined.declined.

Impact of European Impact of European ExplorationExploration

►More goods, raw materials, and More goods, raw materials, and precious metals entered Europe.precious metals entered Europe.

►Exploration and trade contributed to Exploration and trade contributed to the growth of capitalism and a market the growth of capitalism and a market economy.economy.

►A new economic policy called A new economic policy called Mercantilism evolved.Mercantilism evolved.