Europe and america, 1700 1800
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Transcript of Europe and america, 1700 1800
The 18th Centuryin Europe and America
From Denis Diderot’s Encyclopedie, ca. 1750
Art of the Rococo
RococoDates and Places: • 1715 to 1780• France and England
People:• Aristocrats• Urban townhouses• Social intercourse,
cultivation of good taste(tete-a-tete)
• Royal art academies
Francois Boucher, Blonde Odalisque1752, oil on canvas
RococoThemes:• Fete galante • Leisure of the upper
classes• Ornament
Forms:• Small and delicate• Pastels• Feathery brushwork
CLODION, Satyr Crowning a Bacchante, 1770. Fig. 11-5.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4GBhKrwdqjo
Dangerous Liaisons
1989
Directed by Stephen Frears
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4GBhKrwdqjo
Rococo
FRANCOIS DE CUVILLIÉS, Hall of Mirrors, early 18th century. Fig. 11-2.
Rococo• Interiors totally
designed• Rocailles • Organic, playful,
moving decoration• Romantic themes
(cupids, etc)• Proper setting for
entertaining guests• Salons – Women held
considerable influence
FRANCOIS DE CUVILLIÉS, Hall of Mirrors, early 18th century.
Fig. 11-2.
Rococo
ANTOINE WATTEAU, Pilgrimage to Cythera, 1717. Fig. 11-3.
Rococo• Fete galante• New category of
painting• Color for decorative
effect, Rubeniste• Light and airy• Elegant sophistication• Sensuality and
sexuality• Allegory of romantic
love (Aphrodite) & stages of courtship
ANTOINE WATTEAU, Pilgrimage to Cythera, 1717. Fig. 11-3.
The Rococo in Contemporary Art
Fragonard, The Swing, 1766, oil on canvas, fig.11-4
Yinka Shonibare, The Swing (After Fragonard), 2001, installation
http://video.pbs.org/video/1281770054/
The Late 18th Century:
The Enlightenment
and Neoclassicism
From the Religulous movie poster, 2008
The EnlightenmentDates and Places: • 1700-1800 • Western Europe
People:• Replace faith with reason• Scientific, empirical
approach• Rousseau (“noble
savage”)• Positivism
ÉLISABETH LOUISE VIGÉE-LEBRUN, Self-Portrait, 1790.
Fig. 11-8.
The EnlightenmentThemes:• Nature and naturalness • Rejection of Rococo frivolity• Grand tour (pilgrimage to Italy)• Genre (humble daily life)• Satire of modern life &
sentimental subjects
Forms:• Empirical observation• Classicizing approach• Narrative clarity• “Grand Manner” in portraiture
JEAN-BAPTISTE-SIMÉON CHARDIN, Saying Grace, 1740.
Fig. 11-7.
The Enlightenment
JOSEPH WRIGHT, A Philosopher Giving a Lecture at the Orrery, ca. 1763–1765. Fig. 11-6.
The Enlightenment• Illustrates interest in
science and rationality
• Industrial Revolution transforms Europe
• Demonstration of mechanical solar system
• Observers embody Enlightenment age
JOSEPH WRIGHT, A Philosopher Giving a Lecture at the Orrery, ca.
1763–1765. Fig. 11-6.
The Enlightenment
WILLIAM HOGARTH, Breakfast Scene, from Marriage à la Mode, ca. 1745. Fig. 11-9.
The Enlightenment• English painter and
printmaker
• Satire of modern life
• Moralizing story of misbehaving upper class
• Narrative sequence like theater
• Comment on poor taste
WILLIAM HOGARTH, Breakfast Scene, from Marriage à la Mode, ca. 1745. Fig. 11-9.
NeoclassicismDates and Places: • Late 18th century• France, England, US
People:• Admiration for antiquity • Harmony and
rationality• Model of civilized
society: civic virtue and self-sacrifice
THOMAS JEFFERSON, Monticello, 1770–1806. Fig. 11-17.
ANDREA PALLADIO, Villa Rotonda, ca. 1550–1570.
NeoclassicismThemes:• Ancient history• Modern history• Portraits• AllegoriesForms:• Classical forms• Balanced
compositions• Idealized
figures• Gender roles
JACQUES-LOUIS DAVID, Death of Marat, 1793. Fig. 11-16.
About Schmidt2002
ANGELICA KAUFFMANN, Cornelia Presenting Her Children as Her Treasures, or Mother of the Gracchi, ca. 1785
Neoclassicism
JACQUES-LOUIS DAVID, Oath of the Horatii, 1784. Fig. 11-15.
Neoclassicism• Ancient Roman story• Allegory of French
Revolution• Self-sacrifice • Pose and gesture
communicate state of mind
• Triangular composition• David celebrates perfect
forms of Greeks
JACQUES-LOUIS DAVID, Oath of the Horatii, 1784. Fig. 11-15.
David’s drawing ofMarie Antoinette on her way to the Guillotine, 1793