Europe after WWI

Junior Cert History. 3rd Year

The Legacy of World War 1

11 of 11 of 11 of 1918 Death and damage Downfall of Empires New states (Yugoslavia

Czechoslovakia) Rise of USA Rise of Communism in USSR

Treaty of Versailles

Versailles USA GB France and Italy.

Wilson, George, Clemenceau, Orlando.

14 Point Plan = League of Nations.

No choice for Weimar Gov.(Germans)

Unfair? War guilt clause a cause of WW2?

Demilitarisation of Rhineland 100000 limit on army. No subs or aircraft. Small

navy. Anschluss forbidden £6.6 billion in gold to be paid

to allies.

League of Nations

To achieve peace by making each member responsible for each other’s security.

Assembly (all countries represented, one vote, unanimous)

Council of Ministers (unanimous, main decisions)

Secretariat International Court of Justice Failed because: Unanimous votes needed No army USA did not join. Germany and

Russia for a short time. Success in minor dispute

between Finland and Sweden Failures: Japan in China; Italy in

Abyssinia; Hitler and Versailles

Dictatorship and Democracy Dictatorship: One man or

party; control of press; no freedom of speech; secret police; no freedom of the individual.

Democracy: Multi-party system. Regular elections. Freedom of speech. Rights for individuals under the law.

Karl Marx. Abolish private property and

profit. Revolution. State ownership. No religion. 1917 Lenin (October

Revolution) 1924 Stalin takes over. Five

year plans to industrialise Russia (now USSR)

Powerful country. Millions died in Stalin’s “purges”

Communist Dictatorship

Fascist dictatorship

Anti-Communist Extreme nationalism Racism Hostility to democracy Cult of the leader Use of violence to get

power