Euro NCAP 28 june 2005 Whiplash injury epidemiology and effectiveness of whiplash prevention...
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Transcript of Euro NCAP 28 june 2005 Whiplash injury epidemiology and effectiveness of whiplash prevention...
Euro NCAP 28 june 2005
Whiplash injury epidemiology and effectiveness of whiplash prevention
systems.
Maria Krafft
Folksam Sweden
• Correlation crash severity and duration whiplash symptoms
• Crash test with car seats
• The effectiveness of whiplash prevention systems based on real life collisions
Rear impacts
Real-life crashes with ”black boxes”
• Car models– Corolla 93-97 + 98-01 + 02->– Yaris– Avensis
• No previous whiplash injury
• No multiple collisions
Example
Delta-V 26 km/h Mean acc 5.6 gPeak acc 12.6 gWhiplash symptoms > 6 mWAD grade 3
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 50 100 150
Acc (g)
DV (km/h)
Time (ms)
Numbers of drivers and front seat passengers with different duration
of symptoms
Driver FSP Total
All 150 57 207
Uninjured 98 34 132
Symptoms < 1m 34 17 51
1m<symptoms<6m 7** 0 7
Symptoms > 6m 11* 6* 17* One lumbar spine injury** Two thoracic spine injuries
Change of velocity
0
20
40
60
80
100
0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35
No neck injurySymptoms < 1 m1m<symptoms<6mSymptoms > 6 m
Change of velocity (km/h)
Mean acceleration
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10
No neck injurySymptoms < 1 m1m<symptoms<6mSymptoms > 6 m
Mean acceleration (g)
Injury risk in intervals of change of velocity for occupants with initial and long-term
symptoms
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Initial symptomsSymptoms > 1 mSymptoms > 6 m
Ris
k
Change of velocity (km/h)
Injury risk in intervals of mean acceleration for occupants with initial and long-term
symptoms
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Initial symptomsSymptoms > 1 mSymptoms > 6 m
Ris
k
Mean acceleration (g)
Assessment of whiplash injury risk
• Sled test of car seats
• 3 crash severities/seat
• 3 dummy readings
(NIC, Nkm and rebound)
Results 20035,1 - 10,0 points
Audi A4Yellow ( 5,5 points )
Peugeot 307Yellow ( 8,4 points )
Renault MeganeYellow ( 9,9 points )
Skoda FabiaYellow ( 7,5 points )
Toyota Corolla Model year 1993Yellow (6,8 points)With after market whiplash system
10,1 - 15,0 points
BMW 3-serie Red ( 11,3 points )
Mercedes C-classRed ( 10,6 points )
Opel Astra (Standard)Red ( 12,1 points )
VW PoloRed ( 11,1 points )
Toyota Corolla Model year 1993Red (10,7 points)No whiplash protection system
0 - 5,0 points
Ford MondeoGreen ( 2,6 points )
Opel Astra (Optional)Green ( 4,7 points )
Saab 9-3Green+ ( 0,9 points )
Toyota CorollaGreen ( 3,0 points )
Volvo V70Green+ ( 0,0 points )
Best Pick
Best Pick
Results 20040 - 5,0 Points
Ford C-maxGreen+ ( 2,2 )
Volvo S40Green+ ( 1,1 )
Nissan PrimeraGreen ( 3,1 )
SAAB 9-5Green ( 4,2 )
5,1 - 10,0 PointsAudi A3 - Model year 2005Yellow ( 8,5 )
Citroen C3Yellow ( 9,0 )
Ford FocusYellow ( 7,9 )
Mitsubishi Space StarYellow ( 9,4 )
Opel Meriva (Extra equipment)Yellow ( 7,2 )
Seat IbizaYellow ( 9,4 )
Toyota AvensisYellow ( 7,3 )
VW TouranYellow ( 9,1 )
10,1 - 15,0 PointsAudi A3 - Model year 2004Red ( 13,5 )
Opel Meriva (Standard equipment)Red ( 13,4 )
Best Pick
Best Pick
Results 20055,1 - 10,0 Poäng
Audi A6Gul ( 5,4 )
BMW 1-serieGul ( 9,3 )
Citroen C4Gul ( 8,7 )
Renault ModusGul ( 5,7)
Seat AlteaGul ( 6,7 )
Skoda OctaviaGul ( 5,6 )
Toyota Corolla VersoGul ( 7,4 )
Toyota PriusGul ( 6,8 )
0 - 5,0 PoängIngen grön bil i denna testserie
10,1 - 15,0 PoängMercedes A-klassRöd (12,8)
WhiplashMedical permanent disability 1999-04
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
No whiplash prot. Cars with effective whiplash protection
Pro
port
ion
of d
isab
ilit
ies
(%)
168/ 3005
7/ 289
Effect of Volvo and Saab whiplash protection systems (WHIPS and SAHR)
Cars without whiplash protection systems (15 892 crashes)
Cars with whiplash protection systems(1813 crashes)
Saab 9000 Saab 9-5
Saab 900 93-97 Saab 9-3
Volvo S40/V40 96-99 Volvo S40/V40 00-
Volvo 850 Volvo S80
Volvo V70/S70 98-00
Average injury reducing effect of whiplash systems in Volvo and
Saab cars (Whips and SAHR)
40% (+/- 21%) lower risk for whiplash injury with symptoms for more than 6 months