Eugenio Morello del Politecnico di Milano materiale/002_2_Morello.pdf · URBAN UTILITY _ milano 22...

URBAN UTILITY _ milano 22 03 2013 LA COSTRUZIONE DEL DATO COME PRESUPPOSTO DELLA DECISIONE

SECONDA SESSIONE

Eugenio Morello

del Politecnico di Milano

VALUTAZIONE E SIMULAZIONE URBANA ATTRAVERSO

L’USO DI MODELLI DIGITALI

URBAN UTILITY _ milano 22 03 2013 SECONDA SEZIONE Eugenio Morello

Laboratorio di simulazione urbana Fausto Curti

• Research facility of the Dept. of Architecture and Urban Studies at Polimi, founded in 2007 by Fausto Curti (Polimi) and Peter Bosselmann (UC Berkeley)

• Research topics: urban design, modeling and simulation.

• Perceptual aspects and environmental issues

• City and complexity: invetsigating complex relationships between urban design and physical context, thus ensuring a better control of the cumulative outcomes.

Research Team Eugenio Morello – Assistant Professor Barbara Piga – PhD Research Fellow Valerio Signorelli – PhD Research Fellow Laura Cibien – Research Fellow Rosa Magri – MSc student Carmine Tancredi – MSc student


SURVEY PHASE description, weighting, location of the state and the dynamics of urban and

regional phenomena

INTERPRETATION PHASE transformation of data into information, estimation of the

arising outcomes, quantification of the extent of pressures

DECISION PHASE Planning through action

EVALUATION PHASE Monitoring the achievement of assumed objectives,

the control of triggered dynamics, the description of occurred transformations, the stressing for appropriate remedial actions

MAINTENANCE PHASE The construction of services for the

permanent updating of the system, its analytical performance and data input to the planning process and management

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The continuous planning process


Tools and the planning process S

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Visual archives of urban spaces

Visibility analysis

Perceptual sound simulation

Environmental and energy simulation

Urban Morphometrics

SURVEY PHASE

INTERPRETATION PHASE

EVALUATION PHASE

MAINTENANCE PHASE

Perceptual visual simulation

DECISION PHASE

2d data cartography topographic db

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Superimposition of geo-referred layers and data

3d data cartography topographic db Lidar data Digital urban models User generated models

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Urban archives Visual archives Sound archives User generated data

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Urban analysis Environmental Energy Visual perception …

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Urban simulation Anticipating the change Visual perception Energy prediction …



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Sustainable urban design tools Perceptual analysis and simulation \ Visualscapes

Perceptual visual simulation - Visual simulation of urban environments, in particular: - walks, sequences - videos with the superimposition of digital simulation of new design projects - panoramic views and simulation of the existing and the simulated transformation USES: Anticipation of the outcomes of urban design projects; reconstruction of past environments. REQUIRED DATA: ev. 3-D Digital Urban Model (with Digital Terrain Model).

Visual archives of urban spaces - Visual simulation of urban environments - panoramas (180, 360) - sequences - videos USES: Anticipation of the outcomes of urban design projects; design and planning tool; archive. REQUIRED DATA: ev. 3-D Digital Urban Model (with Digital Terrain Model).

Visibility Analysis - Quantification of visible objects in the urban landscapes - degree of visibility of a selected object from the surrounding (for ex. an important view to preserve) - panoramas through isovists calculation - isovist properties computation (openess index of vistas, compactness, etc.) USES: Anticipation and evaluatio of urban design projects; design and planning tool. REQUIRED DATA: 3-D Digital Urban Model (with Digital Terrain Model).

Perceptual analysis and simulation \ Soundscapes

Perceptual sound simulation - Reconstruction of soundscapes in the urban environment - Simulation of future soundscapes in the urban environment - USES: Anticipation of the soundscapes of urban design projects; reconstruction of past environments. - REQUIRED DATA: 3-D Digital Urban Model (with Digital Terrain Model).


Sustainable urban design tools Environmental analysis and simulation \ Solar Accessibility

Solar Access - Solar accessibility maps of urban areas through hourly shadow maps (static maps and videos). - Mean Shadow Density maps on open areas (i.e. superimposition of hourly shadow maps). - Number of hours of direct sun (or accumulated shadow) on open areas, or roofs. - Quantification of surfaces interested by direct sun or shadow (areas of interest). USES: evaluation of solar accessibility conditions of urban form or design projects. REQUIRED DATA: 3-D Digital Urban Model (with Digital Terrain Model).

Sky View Factor - Sky View Factor maps. - Quantification of sky view factor on the ground, on roofs, on the entire urban area. USES: evaluation of sky openness conditions of urban form or design projects. REQUIRED DATA: 3-D Digital Urban Model (with Digital Terrain Model).

Solar Envelopes - Computation of the maximum buildable volume on site, on the basis of solar accessibility rules. - Verification if design projects exceed the envelope and thus the solar rights of the existing fabric. USES: verification of solar rights conditions of design projects. REQUIRED DATA: 3-D Digital Urban Model (with Digital Terrain Model).

Solar Irradiation - Solar irradiation maps of urban areas: hourly, monthly and yearly maps. - Quantification of collected irradiation on surfaces (roof-sections, roofs, open spaces, etc.) USES: assessment of solar irradiance on roofs for the estimation of solar energy production. REQUIRED DATA: 3-D Digital Urban Model (with Digital Terrain Model).


Sustainable urban design tools Environmental analysis and simulation \ Thermal Maps

Heat maps Estimation of energy consumption and heating demand of the urban fabric: - Quantification (estimation) of energy demand - Maps USES: as a support for energy action plans REQUIRED DATA: 3-D Digital Urban Model (with Digital Terrain Model); urban DB with year of foundation of buildings

Thermal Discomfort Critical maps - Critical maps showing potential thermal discomfort on open areas. The computation takes into account: solar irradiation on site, vegetation, albedo of urban materials (vertical and horizontal ), urban geometry (for instance urban canyons) USES: for programming punctual interventions on urban spaces REQUIRED DATA: 3-D Digital Urban Model (with Digital Terrain Model), vegetation data, information about urban materials

Environmental analysis and simulation \ Urban Morphometrics

Urban Morphometrics - Computation of urban indicators with a particular focus on urban form and energy aspects. Among the indicators, we consider the following: density and built volumes, permeability and urban coverage, urban blocks descriptors, urban form descriptors: surface to volume ratio, compactness index, urban canyon ratios, prevailing orientation of facades (vertical surfaces facing south) USES: assessment of urban design projects and current built-up areas REQUIRED DATA: 3-D Digital Urban Model (with Digital Terrain Model).

Urban Accessibility and Connectivity Computation of urban accessibility and connectivity indicators of the street network: - connectivity indicators - accessibility indicators - centrality analysis and spatial analysis - ped-shed analysis: accessible areas within a 5 or 10 minutes walk USES: assessment of urban design projects and current built-up areas REQUIRED DATA: the graph of the street network.


Tools \ Solar accessibility

Solar access on urban areas, comparative studies among design alternatives


Tools \ Solar irradiation

Solar irradiation on urban surfaces: a comparative study (with EPFL, HEPIA)

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Daily solar radiations in the average day of the

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Monthly solar radiations [MWh]

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Tools \ Solar irradiation

Solar irradiation on urban surfaces:

Vertical surfaces

(with EPFL, HEPIA)

The mean solar irradiance collected by each facade on the second storey on December 10 at 12 PM, considering both beam and diffuse contributions


Tools \ Urban morphometrics

Computation of urban form indicators relevant to energy assessment

Richard Rogers, 1999, Towards an Urban Renaisance, UK Urban Task Force


Tools \ Visibility analysis

2-D Isovists, an application: NYC waterfalls, summer 2008

From which vantage points can I watch the waterfalls?

Project and installation by Olafur Eliasson

Credits: E. Morello, Senseable City Lab MIT, 2008



2-D Isovists, an application: NYC waterfalls, summer 2008

Credits: E. Morello, Senseable City Lab MIT, 2008



As a support for the design of urban open spaces

From the geometrical properties of isovists we can derive indications for the design of space

Credits: R. Magri, E. Morello, 2012

Main Polimi Campus Area of the isovists at each point of space

> Indicator of openness of vistas

Maximum lines of sight of the isovists at each point of space > Indicator of orientation and

directionality


Tools \ Visual simulation

Anticipation of urban transformation happening in Milan


Tools \ Visual simulation – immersive spaces

Guidelines and monitoring of urban space - Pisogne, Brescia

Credits: P. Bulgheroni, M. Clauser, M. Ghisla, 2011

PERCEZIONE E PROGETTO_tour analisi/virtualtour.html



Anticipating and communicating future urban space - Pisogne, Brescia


PERCEZIONE E PROGETTO_tour progetto/virtualtour.html



Guidelines and monitoring of urban space - Pisogne, Brescia


Guidelines for the design competition

Concorso di idee per studenti PoliMi e UniMi

per la riqualificazione degli spazi aperti del Campus Bonardi



http://www.labsimurb.polimi.it/unity/trifoglio/trifoglio.html



Comparative studies for the renewal of Piazza Leonardo da Vinci

Anticipation,

comparison

and communication

of urban transformation

http://www.labsimurb.polimi.it/unity/piazzaleo.html

http://www.labsimurb.polimi.it/Unity/piazzaleo.html

URBAN UTILITY _ MILANO 22 03 2013 GRAZIE DELL’ ATTENZIONE

Eugenio Morello del Politecnico di Milano materiale/002_2_Morello.pdf · URBAN UTILITY _ milano 22...

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