EU MARKET SURVEY 2002 SANITARY WARE & … sanitar… · CBI puts you in touch with the markets of...

Mailing address: P.O. Box 30009, 3001 DA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsPhone: +31 10 201 34 34 Fax: +31 10 411 40 81E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.cbi.nl

Office and showroom: WTC-Beursbuilding, 5th floor37 Beursplein, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

CENTRE FOR THE PROMOTION OF IMPORTS FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

SANITARY WARE & CERAMIC TILES

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EU MARKET SURVEY 2002

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II VOLUME II

CBI puts you in touch with the markets of Europe

CBI, the Centre for the Promotion of Imports from developing countries, is an agencyof the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Since its establishment in 1971, CBIoperates within the policy framework set by the Minister for Development Co-operation.Its mission is to contribute to the economic independence of developing countries.To fulfil this mission, CBI aims at strengthening the competitiveness of companies inthose countries on international markets, primarily the West-European market, byimproving conditions in enterprises and business support organisations. CBI considerssocial values and compliance with the most relevant environmental requirements to bean integral part of its policy and activities

CBI offers various programmes and services to its target groups:

Market information – CBI News Bulletin (6 times annually);– CBI guide “Exporting to the European Union”;– Market surveys and strategic marketing guides covering the EU including

The Netherlands;– Quick scans on environmental, social and health issues;– Manuals on subjects such as technical and environmental regulations, trade fair

participation, Fashion Forecast etc.;– CBI’s extensive Web site at www.cbi.nl providing general information about CBI,

details about CBI programmes, CBI publications (downloadable free-of-charge)and the GreenBuss database on European trade-related environmental policy andtechnology;

– CBI’ s Trade Documentation Centre offering supply-related information to importers,such as exporters’ directories, country and sector information, periodicals fromdeveloping countries, and - to visiting exporters - demand-related information such asmarket information, trade magazines, address books of European companies etc.

Matching servicesCBI’s computerized exporters’ and importers’ databases, containing around3,500 regularly updated company profiles, are instrumental in providing buyersand suppliers with relevant company data on potential trade partners.

Export promotion programmes (EPP)Step-by-step approach providing intensive assistance to selected exporters in developingcountries in order to obtain a firm and lasting position on the EU market. Made tomeasure, demand- driven and flexibility are combined with fixed elements such as:– pre-selection of candidates based on written documentation;– technical assistance during company visits and distance guidance by CBI branch

experts;– export marketing training (for instance through the EXPRO seminars);– market entry (for instance via participation in European trade fairs);– market consolidation by way of follow-up support, further technical assistance

and/or repeat market entry activities.

Human resources development– BSO MARKET INTEL: five-day seminar in Rotterdam for relevant

middle management staff of BSO’s, aiming at supporting BSO’s inestablishing or improving a Market Information Service (MIS);

– CAPITA: two-week seminar in Rotterdam for specific industry &trade associations. Aims to provide –through their associations-specific industries or sectors in developing countries with tools toengage in business relations with importers and/or manufacturersin the EU;

– BSO-FAME: two-week seminar in Rotterdam for project managersof BSOs focusing on practical knowledge and applicable tools inexport promotion to international markets in general and theEuropean market in particular;

– IntFair: two-week seminar in Rotterdam for BSO staff members onthe organization of collective participation in European trade fairs;

– Expro: seven-day seminar in Rotterdam on export marketing andmanagement for selected exporters participating in a CBI exportpromotion programme;

– Workshops in developing countries: 2-4 days for BSOs and/orexporters, focussing on general export marketing andmanagement, a specific product sector or on specific subjects.

Multilateral co-operationCBI co-operates with the International Trade Centre (ITC/WTO) toglobalize trade promotion and with other European import promotionorganizations to increase efficiency and effectiveness by combiningefforts.

Please write to us in English, the working language of the CBI.

Centre for the Promotion of Imports from developing countriesCentrum tot Bevordering van de Import uit de ontwikkelingslanden

Mailing address:CBIP.O. Box 300093001 DA RotterdamPhone +31 (0) 10 201 34 34Fax +31 (0) 10 411 40 81E-mail [email protected] www.cbi.nl

Office and showroom:WTC-Beursbuilding, 5th Floor37 Beursplein, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

No part of this publication may be sold, reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior permission of CBI



Compiled for CBI by:

NEI B.V.

in collaboration withIr. J.J.N. Lichtenberg, Buro A+

May 2002

DISCLAIMERThe information provided in this survey is believed to be accurate at the time of writing. It is, however, passed on to the reader without any responsibility on the part of CBI or the authors and it does not release the reader from theobligation to comply with all applicable legislation.

Neither CBI nor the authors of this publication make any warranty, expressed or implied, concerning the accuracy of the information presented, and will not be liable for injury or claims pertaining to the use of this publication or the information contained therein.

No obligation is assumed for updating or amending this publication for any reason, be it new or contrary informationor changes in legislation, regulations or jurisdiction.

Update of CBI EU Market Survey Sanitary Ware and Ceramic Tiles, May 2001.

Photo courtesy:

Trega International (Sphinx) / The NetherlandsKoninklijke Musa BV / The Netherlands

CONTENTS

REPORT SUMMARY 6

1 PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 91.1 Product groups 91.2 Customs/statistical product classification 9

2 INTRODUCTION TO THE EU MARKET 11

3 CONSUMPTION 133.1 Market size 133.2 Market segmentation 203.3 Consumption patterns and trends 21

4 PRODUCTION 24

5 IMPORTS 265.1 Total imports 265.2 Imports by product group 265.3 The role of the developing countries 35

6 EXPORTS 37

7 TRADE STRUCTURE 397.1 EU trade channels 397.2 Distribution channels for developing country exporters 39

8 PRICES AND MARGINS 418.1 Prices and margins 418.2 Sources of price information 42

9 OPPORTUNITIES FOR EXPORTERS 43

APPENDICES 441 Detailed import/export statistics 442 Standards organisations 553 Sources of price information 564 Trade associations 575 Trade fair organisers 596 Trade press 617 Business support organisations 638 Other useful addresses 649 List of developing countries 6510 List of Netherlands importers and most important EU importers 6611 Useful internet sites 69

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REPORT SUMMARY

This survey profiles the EU market for sanitary wareand ceramic tiles. The emphasis of the survey lies onthose products which are of importance to developingcountry suppliers. The major national markets withinthe EU for those products are highlighted. The surveyincludes contact details of importers, trade associations,and other relevant organisations. Furthermore statisticalmarket information on consumption, production andtrade, and information on trade structure and prices andmargins is provided.

As an exporter you need this information to formulateyour own market and product strategies. In order toassist you with this CBI developed a matching EUStrategic Marketing Guide “Sanitary Ware and CeramicTiles”. It aims to offer a practical handbook forexporters engaged, or wishing to engage in exportingsanitary ware and ceramic tiles to the European Union.It aims to facilitate exporters in formulating their ownmarkets and product strategies through the provision ofpractical information and a methodology of analysisand ready-to-fill-in frameworks.

As mentioned above, statistical market informationon consumption, production and trade, and informationon trade structure and prices and margins, which isrequired for the ready-to-fill-in frameworks, can befound in this EU Market Survey.

The sanitary ware and ceramic tiles discussed in thisMarket Survey fall under the following groups:

Sanitary Ware• Sanitary ware made of plastics;• Ceramic sanitary ware;• Sanitary ware made of iron or steel.

Ceramic tiles• Unglazed ceramic flags and paving, hearth or

wall tiles;• Glazed ceramic flags and paving, hearth or wall tiles.

ConsumptionThe market for sanitary ware and ceramic tiles hasreached a stage of market maturity. Demand for newproducts is primarily determined by factors underlyinggrowth in the construction sector. Forecasts for theEuropean construction industry predict that the buildingindustry will grow by an average of 2.5 percentannually during the period 2001 to 2003.

According to Eurostat data, the total value of EUconsumption of sanitary ware and ceramic tilesamounted to US$ 8,494 million (EUR 9,232 million)in 2000. Consumption of sanitary ware amounted

to US$ 3,800 million (€ 4,130 million) andconsumption of ceramic tiles to US$ 4,694 million(€ 5,102 million). The largest markets for sanitary wareand ceramic tiles in the EU are Spain, Germany, Italy,France and the United Kingdom.

Within the above mentioned groups, the product groups“glazed ceramic flags and paving, hearth or wall tiles> 7 cm” and “ceramic sanitary of porcelain or china”enjoy the highest consumption levels among the EUMember States.

Production in the EUAs production standards still differ across Europe,production plants are being maintained in the differentmember states in order to serve the local markets. Since the lions share of sanitary production is still forthe national markets it is not surprising that the mainproducing countries in the EU are Italy, Germany,United Kingdom, Spain and France.

Within the EU sanitary ware industry, a number ofmergers and acquisitions have greatly increased thelevel of concentration in recent years resulting in a fewlarge groups controlling the market. Generally, thesanitary-ware industry in Europe is facing greatercompetition from products coming from outside theEU.

The European ceramics industry continues to be highlycompetitive internationally, with strong productionconcentrations in the Sassuolo (Italy) and Castellón(Spain) areas, and sizeable activities in Germany,Portugal and France. Italy and Spain are nowadays atthe same production level in volume, but since averageSpanish tiles are cheaper than Italian tiles, theirproduction value level is lower. Overall, the Europeanceramic tile industry retains strong control of itsinternal market. Data for 1997 indicate that only4.6 percent of European consumption is satisfied byimports from third countries.

ImportsIn 2000, total EU imports of sanitary ware and ceramictiles reached a volume of 6,494 thousand tonnes,which represented a value of US$ 4,460 million or€ 4,848 million.

Between 1998 and 2000, the value of EU imports ofsanitary ware and ceramic tiles decreased by 14 percentwhile its volume increased by 4 percent suggesting thatimport prices have fallen during the described period.Changes in volume and value of imports were verydifferent for the respective EU Member States.

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The leading importers of sanitary ware and ceramictiles in 1999 were: Germany (24%), France (20%),United Kingdom (14%), Belgium (6%), Austria (6%)and the Netherlands (5%).

Sanitary ware accounts for just over 40 percent of totalEU imports of sanitary ware and ceramic tiles. Since 1998, imports of sanitary ware declined by5 percent in value and rose by 20 percent in volume.More than a quarter of imports originate from outsidethe EU; with developing countries accounting for9 percent of total EU imports of sanitary ware.The segment of plastic sanitary ware constituted thelargest share (40 percent) of EU imports of sanitaryware followed by the group of ceramic sanitary ware(38 percent) and sanitary made of iron or steel(22 percent).

Ceramic tiles account for almost 60 percent of totalEU imports of sanitary ware & ceramic tiles. In 2000,the EU imported 5,977 thousand tonnes of ceramic tileswith a value of US$ 2,569 million (€ 2,792 million).This represented a fall in value, of 20 percent comparedto 1998, and a decrease in volume of 1 percent. In2000, intra-EU imports accounted for 90 percent oftotal EU imports, with 7 percent coming fromdeveloping countries. The vast majority of imports areglazed tiles (83 percent) as opposed to unglazed tiles(17 percent).

In 2000, EU imports of sanitary ware and ceramictiles from developing countries amounted to US$ 412 million (€ 448 million) with a volume of 701thousand tonnes. Sanitary ware represented 57 percentof the total value of imports of sanitary ware andceramic tiles stemming from developing countries, theremaining 43 percent represent imports of ceramic tiles.

The share of EU imports from developing countriesdiffers across the product groups of sanitary ware andceramic tiles. In the period 1998-2000, imports fromdeveloping countries of plastic sanitary decreased by15 percent in value and increased by 7 percent involume, imports of ceramic sanitary increased byrespectively 2 and 27 percent, imports of iron/steelsanitary components increased by 4 and 12 percent,imports of glazed ceramic tiles decreased by 21 and7 percent and imports of unglazed tiles decreasedby 20 percent in value, and increased by 7 percent involume.

ExportsIn 2000 the EU Member States exported 13,663 thousandtonnes of sanitary ware and ceramic tiles representing atotal value of US$ 7,692 million or € 8,360 million.While the value of these exports declined by 7 percentsince 1998, volume rose by 9 percent. Over the last tenyears the volume of the EU exports almost doubled

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while its value increased by only 50 percent.

About a third of total value of EU exports of sanitaryware and ceramic tiles in 2000, consisted of sanitaryware, the other two thirds consisted of ceramic tiles.The leading exporters of sanitary ware and ceramic tileswere Italy (47%), Spain (25%), Germany (10%),France (5%) and Portugal (3%).

The most important EU export product group wasglazed ceramic flags and paving, hearth or wall tileslarger than 7 centimetres. In 2000 exports of theseproducts amounted to 55 percent of total EU exportsof sanitary ware and ceramic tiles, mainly from Italyand Spain.

Trade structureFor the manufacturer, there are some very importantdifferences between the various distribution channels.First, the wholesaler channel involves more levels,each of which increases the cost. Products in the DIYmarket are as a rule sold at a lower price, becausepurchasers are relatively more price conscious.

More importantly, there are fewer obstacles to trade inthe DIY market than in the wholesale market, becausenational quality certificates are not essential. Individualbuyers do not necessarily demand quality marks,although these might be a marketing advantage.Wholesalers, however, prefer to buy products whichhave the national quality mark, because professionalinstallers demand them, they are necessary for publicworks projects or are specified by architects.

In the EU the most important distribution channel isthe wholesale channel. Relatively new trade channelsthat are becoming important are the DIY channel and“bathroom boutiques”.

The wholesale channel is mainly aimed at theprofessional market and requires products that adhereto certain national and/or international quality standardsExpressed as a percentage of total sales volume,the wholesale channel account for 70 - 90 percent ofthe trade in sanitary ware and ceramic tiles.

Next to the wholesale channel, manufacturers areincreasingly selling their products in the DIY market.This market has become particular popular in westernEurope but its popularity is growing elsewhere as well.Sales through this channel vary across Europe and arelargest in Germany, France, United Kingdom, theNetherlands and Belgium.

A third distribution channel is the “bathroom boutiques”which is most developed in the UK. This channelaccounts for a maximum of 5 percent of sales.Bathroom boutiques sell and install bathroom suites as

‘fashion goods’, and specialise mostly in up-marketbrands.

Opportunities for exportersDue to the increasing importance of the DIY marketand modest growth expectations in the EU buildingindustry (especially the residential new, and residentialrepair and maintenance market) the demand for sanitaryware and ceramic tiles from outside the EU is expectedto exhibit modest growth. There are opportunities forsome segments for which it is too costly for producersto produce low profile bulk goods within the EU.In 1998, products from developing countries belongingto the following product groups were most successfulin the EU Member States:• Glazed ceramic flags, paving, hearth or wall

tiles > 7 cm;• Ceramic sanitary;• Ceramic sanitary of porcelain or china;• Plastic baths, showers and washbasins;• Plastic bidets, lavatory pans, flushing cisterns.

Market researchThis EU Market Survey and the EU StrategicMarketing Guide serve as a basis for further marketresearch: after you have read this survey and filled inthe frameworks in the Strategic Marketing Guide it isimportant to further research your target markets,sales channels and potential customers.

Market research depends on secondary data (data thathave been compiled and published earlier) and primarydata (information that you collect yourself). An example of secondary data is this EU Market Survey.Primary data are needed when secondary data fall shortof your needs, for example when researching yourspecific type of consumer about the acceptance of yourspecific product. Sources of information are amongothers (statistical) databanks, newspapers andmagazines, market reports, (annual) reports frombranch associations, but also shops in target countries,products or catalogues from your competitors, andconversations with suppliers, specialists, colleagues andeven competitors. After you received/collected yourinformation you should analyse the information.In order to judge the attractiveness of the market,sales channel or customer you should use/develop aclassification or score system.

For more detailed information on market researchreference is made to CBI’s Export Planner (2000).

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1 PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS

1.1 Product groups The sanitary ware articles discussed in this surveyconsist of the following three groups:• Sanitary ware made of plastics such as baths,

showers, washbasins, bidets, lavatory pans,seats and covers, flushing cisterns of plastics;

• Ceramic sanitary ware such as sinks, wash basins,wash basin pedestals, baths, bidets, lavatory pans,flushing cisterns, urinals and similar sanitaryfixtures;

• Sanitary ware made of iron or steel such as bathsshower basins and wash basins.

The tiles discussed in this survey consist of thefollowing two groups:• Unglazed ceramic flags and paving, hearth or

wall tiles;• Glazed ceramic flags and paving, hearth or wall tiles.

1.2 Customs/statistical productclassification

On January 1, 1988 a unified coding system wasintroduced to harmonise the trading classificationsystems used worldwide and to allow for improvedinternational comparability of foreign trade statistics.This system, the Harmonised System (HS), is based ona ten digit product classification.

A six-digit list of the product groups is presentedbelow. These product groups can be further divided into sub-groups to the extent of ten digits.

Sanitary ware made of plasticsIn this Market Survey the product group sanitary waremade of plastics consists of:• Plastic baths, showers and washbasins (HS 392210)• Plastic lavatory seats and covers (HS 392220)• Plastic bidets, lavatory pans, flushing cisterns

and others (HS 392290)

Examples of sanitary ware products made ofplastics are:

1. Acrylic bath 2. Acrylic shower receptor

3. Acrylic shower receptor 4. Acrylic lavatory seat and cover

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Product description sanitary ware and ceramic tiles HS code

Baths, showers and washbasins, of plastics 392210Lavatory seats and covers, of plastics 392220 Bidets, lavatory pans, flushing cisterns and similar sanitary or hygiene products, of plastics 392290 Ceramic sinks, wash basins, wash basin pedestals, baths, bidets, lavatory pans, flushing cisterns, 691010urinals and similar sanitary fixtures of porcelain or china (excl. soap dishes, sponge holders,tooth-brush holders, towel hooks and toilet paper holders) Ceramic sinks, wash basins, wash basin pedestals, baths, bidets, lavatory pans, flushing cisterns, 691090urinals and similar sanitary fixtures (excl. of porcelain or china, soap dishes, sponge holders,tooth-brush holders, towel hooks and toilet paper holders) Sinks and wash basins of stainless steel 732410 Baths of cast iron 732421 Baths of steel sheet 732429 Sanitary ware, including parts thereof (excl. cans, boxes and similar containers of heading 7310, 732490small wall cabinets for medical supplies or toiletries and other furniture of chapter 94, and fittings,complete sinks and wash basins, of stainless steel, complete baths and fittings Unglazed ceramic tiles, cubes and similar articles, for mosaics. 690710 Unglazed ceramic flags and paving, hearth or wall tiles 690790 Glazed ceramic tiles, cubes and similar articles, for mosaics 690810 Glazed ceramic flags and paving, hearth or wall tiles 690890

Ceramic sanitary wareThe product group ceramic sanitary ware consists of:• Ceramic sanitary of porcelain or china (HS 691010) • Ceramic sanitary (HS 691090)

Examples of ceramic sanitary ware products are:

1. Bathtub incl. legs 2. shower tray 3. Washbasin

4. Wash stand 5. Toilet combination 6. Wall toilet

7. Bidet 8. Urinal 9. One piece toilet

Sanitary ware made of iron or steelThe product group sanitary ware made of iron or steelconsists of:• Stainless steel sinks and wash basins (HS 732410)• Cast iron baths (HS 732421)• Baths of steel sheet (HS 732429)• Large sanitary of stainless steel (HS 732490)

Examples of sanitary ware products made of iron orsteel are:

1. Cast iron bath 2. Sink

3. Wall toilet 4. Urinal

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Unglazed ceramic flags and paving,hearth or wall tilesThe product group unglazed ceramic flags and paving,hearth or wall tiles consists of:• Unglazed ceramic mosaic tiles (incl. cubes etc.)

< 7 cm (HS 690710)• Unglazed ceramic flags and paving, hearth or wall

tiles > 7 cm (HS 690790)

An example of an unglazed ceramic tile is:

1. Floor tile ultragres

(15 cm x 15 cm)

Glazed ceramic flags and paving, hearth or wall tilesThe product group glazed ceramic flags and paving,hearth or wall tiles consists of:• Glazed ceramic mosaics tiles (incl. cubes etc.)

< 7 cm (HS 690810)• Glazed ceramic flags and paving, hearth or wall tiles

> 7 cm (HS 690890)

Examples of glazed ceramic tiles are:

1. Wall tiles 2. Floor tiles 3. Wall tiles

20 cm x 25 cm 20 cm x 20 cm 25 cm x 33 cm

4. Floor tiles 5. Floor tiles

30 cm x 45 cm 40 cm x 40

2 INTRODUCTION TO THE EU MARKET

The European Union (EU) is the current name for theformer European Community. Since 1 January 1995the EU comprises 15 Member States. Negotiations arein progress with a number of candidate member states,many of who already have extensive trade and co-operation agreements with the EU. It is envisaged that5 of these countries will become members in 2003.

In 2000, the size of the EU population totalled 376.4 million. Total GDP in 2001 equalled US$ 7,894.5(€ 8,580 billion) billion at current prices, while theaverage GDP per capita (at current exchange rates)amounted to US$ 20,742 (€ 22,545)in 2000 (OECD,2002).

The most important aspect of the process of unification(of the former EC countries) which affects trade is theharmonisation of rules in the EU countries.As unification allows free movement of capital, goods,services and people, the internal borders have beenremoved. Goods produced or imported into oneMember State can be moved around between the othermember states without restrictions. A preconditionfor this free movement is uniformity in the rules andregulations concerning locally produced or importedproducts. Although the European Union is already afact, all the regulations have not yet been harmonised.Work is in progress on uniform regulations in thefields of environmental pollution, health, safety,quality and education.

On 1 January 1999, the euro (€) became the legalcurrency within twelve member states: Austria,Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy,Ireland, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Spain,and Portugal. Circulation of euro coins and banknotesbegan on 1 January 2002 and these will graduallyreplace national currency notes and coins, which mustbe withdrawn by 1 July 2002.

The most recent Eurostat trade statistics quoted inthis survey are from the year 2000. On 1 January 1999,statistical and contractual values in ECU wereconverted into Euros on a 1:1 exchange rate. The € / US$ exchange rate currently (March 2002)stands at US$ 0.88 for one Euro.

In this market survey, the US$ is the basic currency unitused to indicate value. Values for dates after 1 January1999 are also expressed in Euros.

Trade figures quoted in this survey must be interpretedand used with extreme caution. The collection of dataregarding trade flows has become more difficult sincethe establishment of the Single Market on 1 January1993. Prior to that date, trade was registered by meansof compulsory customs procedures at border crossingsbut, with the removal of the intra-EU borders, this isno longer the case. Statistical bodies such as Eurostatcan no longer depend on the automatic generation oftrade figures.

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Exchange rates of EU currencies in US$

Country Currency 1998 1999 2000 2001 March 2002

European Union ECU 1.12 - - - -EUR - 1.06 0.92 0.90 0.88

Austria Ash 0.081 0.077 0.067 0.066 -Belgium/Luxembourg Bfr 0.028 0.026 0.023 0.023 -Denmark Dkr 0.15 0.13 0.12 0.117 0.115France Ffr 0.17 0.16 0.14 0.137 -Finland FM 0.19 0.18 0.16 0.157 - Germany DM 0.57 0.54 0.47 0.46 -Greece GRD 0.0034 0.0033 0.0027 0.0026 -Ireland I£ 1.42 1.35 1.17 1.14 -Italy L 0.00058 0.00055 0.00048 0.00047 -Netherlands NLG 0.51 0.48 0.42 0.411 -Portugal Esc 0.0056 0.0053 0.0046 0.0045 -Spain Ptas 0.0067 0.0064 0.0055 0.0054 -Sweden Skr 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.108 0.105United Kingdom GB£ 1.66 1.62 1.51 1.48 1.44

Source: CBS Statline (March 2002)

In the case of intra-EU trade, statistical reporting isonly compulsory for exporting and importing firmswhose trade exceeds a certain annual value.The threshold varies considerably from country tocountry, but it is typically about € 100,000. As a consequence, although figures for trade betweenthe EU and the rest of the world are accuratelyrepresented, trade within the EU is generallyunderestimated.

The survey emphasises the specific situation of fiveEuropean countries. These countries are theNetherlands, Belgium, the United Kingdom, Germanyand France. The main two reasons of the selection ofthese specific countries is that they are the top fiveimporters of sanitary ware and ceramic floor/wall tilesin the EU and that these countries have the largestsales in the Do It Yourself (DIY) segment.

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3 CONSUMPTION

3.1 Market size

Ceramic tilesConsumption data of ceramic tiles are scarce andscattered across resources. Sources are sometimescontradictory hence the picture presented in thisdocument must be treated with caution.

Overall, the European ceramic tile industry has a strongcontrol of its internal market. Data for 2000 indicatethat only 5.3 percent of European consumption issatisfied by imports from third countries. The largestmarkets in Europe are Germany, The United Kingdomand the southern European countries.

Eurostat data on the value of consumption in 2000 arepresented in the table below. These data should betreated with caution since the presented (apparent)consumption levels are derived from production andtrade data. Moreover, as not all trade within the EU isregistered, national consumption is overestimated inthose cases where a country sells substantial parts of itsproduction in relative small quantities within the EU.Given that a large part of the European ceramic tileindustry is situated in Spain and Italy, consumptionfigures for these countries are the most likely to beoverestimated.

According to Eurostat data, total value EU consumptionin 2000 of sanitary ware and ceramic tiles amounted toUS$ 8,494 million (€ 9,232 million). Consumption ofceramic tiles amounts to US$ 4,694 million (€ 5,102million). The largest markets for ceramic tiles in the EUare Germany, France, Spain, United Kingdom and Italy.

Consumption data from other sources draw a differentpicture of national consumption levels. Comparison ofdata from different sources should be done withcaution, as the underlying definitions and calculationmethods may differ. Consumption data (million US$)for Germany, France, United Kingdom, Belgium andthe Netherlands have been estimated for 2000 by Buro A+, using figures on the amount of renovatedand newly built houses and historical sales figures.This source provides useful insight in the relativeconsumption levels across EU member states.Please note that the above information should not beused to draw conclusions regarding the price of ceramictiles in the EU countries (i.e. by dividing consumptionin squared metres by consumption in Euro). The Buro A+ figures should be used as the bestestimate for the actual market size since these havebeen calculated from the consumption perspectiverather than the production perspective.

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Germany

Spain

France

United Kingdom

Italy

Portugal

Belgium

Austria

Greece

Netherlands

Sweden

Finland

Ireland

Danmark

Luxembourg

Million € (2000), Eurostat Million € (2000) A+ Million m2 (2000), Eurostat

164527

1,043

989250

149 324

61 162

100

48253

495

496

773

19 107147

17141

50126

9107

776

6

4

4

45

39

37

3300

0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200

Figure 3.1 European ceramic tile consumption, 2000 (million euro, million m2)

Sources: Eurostat (2001) and Buro A+

Sanitary WareConsumption data of sanitary ware are similarly scarceand scattered across sources. The largest markets inEurope for sanitary ware are Germany, Italy, the UnitedKingdom, France and Spain. Eurostat data onconsumption for the year 2000 are presented in thetable below. Again, the data should be treated withcaution since the presented (apparent) consumptionlevels are derived from production data and trade data.

Moreover, as not all trade within the EU is registered,national consumption is overestimated in those caseswhere a country sells substantial parts of its productionin relative small quantities within the EU. According toEurostat data, consumption of sanitary ware amountedto US$ 3,800 million (€ 4,130 million). The largestmarkets for ceramic tiles in the EU are Germany, Italy,France, the United Kingdom, Spain and theNetherlands.

Consumption data for 2000 estimated by Buro A+ drawa different picture of national consumption levels.Comparison of Eurostat data and A+ data should bedone with caution as the underlying calculationmethods differ. Consumption data for Germany, France,United Kingdom, Belgium and the Netherlands havebeen estimated for 2000 by Buro A+ using figures onthe amount of renovated and newly built houses andhistorical sales figures per country.

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As will be depicted in section 3.2 the main two marketsfor sanitary ware and ceramic tiles are the professionalmarket and the private market. The professional marketis strongly dominated by products that must adhere tocertain national or international quality standards.Obtaining proof that products conform to thesestandards involves testing and certification which istime consuming, complicated and expensive.

Developments in the professional market indicate thatguarantees have to be given on the total system, forexample in the case of tiles these include the adhesive,top layer, joints, etc., as well as aspects such asmaintenance, chemical resistance, moisture-resistance,etc. In this respect, tiling companies do rely on back-upservices from their suppliers. Therefore, a strongfrequent direct contact is required as well as a back-upby a service department which is not only able toprovide information about the tiles but also aboutapplication know-how.

Exporters from developing countries may find moreopportunities in the private market, where individualsseldom demand compliance with national orinternational quality standards and these are not a pre-condition for selling in this market segment. In Europe the private DIY segment is concentrated inWestern-Europe (i.e. Germany, France, United Kingdom,Netherlands and Belgium).

Germany

Italy

France

United Kingdom

Spain

Netherlands

Sweden

Portugal

Greece

Belgium

Danmark

Ireland

Austria

Finland

Luxembourg

Million € (2000), Eurostat Million € (2000) A+

4761,044

525

343485

203449

437

84180

140

121

100

6190

88

67

44

29

0

0

200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200

Figure 3.2 European sanitary ware consumption, 2000 (Million euro)

Sources: Eurostat (2001) and Buro A+

Germany

Unfortunately the overview presented is incomplete.Since Eurostat data on consumption are not veryaccurate, the value of the information contained infigure 3.3 derives primarily the comparison of relativesizes of the product groups rather than their absolutevalue. Please refer to figure 3.1 and 3.2 for an estimateof the total German market size.

Germany is the largest market for sanitary ware andceramic tiles in Europe. It has by far the largest DIYsales market in Europe. After a short period of reducedactivity, the construction sector as a whole is expectedto show signs of positive growth in 2002.

15

Concerning baths and shower trays, steel is preferredover acrylic products. Approximately two third of allbaths sold are made of steel and one third are acrylic(1998 CEN). For shower trays the division is roughly80/20 (80 percent steel, 20 percent acrylic).As for WC types, customers in Germany nowadaysprefer wall-hung WCs with a shallow pan. This typehas been developed in Germany and has spread out toother countries where it is gaining popularity.

Per capita consumption of ceramic floor/wall tilesincreased from 1.6 m2 in 1990 to 2 m2 in 2000.Concerning tile colours, natural colours are popular inthe German market.

344

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Figure 3.3 Consumption sanitary ware and ceramic tiles, 2000(Million euro)

Source: Eurostat (2001)Note: Stainless steel sinks and wash basins & cast iron baths are grouped together.

France

The information in figure 3.4 should be used tocompare the relative, but not absolute, sizes of productgroups. For estimates of the total French market size,refer to figure 3.1 and 3.2.

France is the second largest DIY sales market inEurope. For the professional market it should be notedthat the French construction sector as a whole isexpected to grow annually by about 1 percent in 2002and 2003.

For baths, French customers do not reveal a markedpreference for either acrylic or iron/steel products.Slightly over 50 percent of all baths sold are acrylic,and the remainder consists of iron/steel products (1998 CEN). By contrast, for shower trays theFrench customer prefers ceramics (79 percent of

16

the market) over acrylic (20 percent) and iron/steelproducts (1 percent).

As for WC types, customers in France nowadays preferwall hung WCs. In public applications the ceramic“French” toilet (a ceramic tray with footholds andwaste outlet) is loosing market share but is still in use.France is the only country among the selected nationalmarkets where bidets are frequently sold. It is estimatedthat around 25 percent of French households have abidet.

The use of ceramic tiles increased dramatically.Between 1990 and 2000, the market for ceramicfloor/wall tiles increased by 59 percent. Per capitaconsumption of ceramic tiles in France has risen from1.6 m2 in 1990 to 2.5 m2 in 2000. Concerning tilecolours, pastel colours are popular in the French market.

135

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Figure 3.4 Consumption sanitary ware and ceramic tiles, 2000 (Million euro)


United Kingdom

Of the twelve product groups, three (baths of steelsheet, unglazed ceramic mosaic tiles and glazedceramic mosaic tiles) are not recorded in the figurepresented above. These product groups do not play asignificant role in the total UK market for sanitary wareand ceramic tiles. The information in figure 3.5 shouldbe used to compare the relative, not absolute sizes ofproduct groups. For estimates of the total UK marketsize, refer to figure 3.1 and 3.2.

The UK is the third largest DIY sales market in Europe.For the professional market it should be noted that theUK construction sector as a whole is expected to growannually by about 2.5 percent in 2002 and 2003.

Approximately 75 percent of all baths sold in the UKare acrylic and 25 percent are made of steel. Almost allshower trays sold in the UK are made of acrylic, andof these some 75 percent are made of “policoncrete”and 25 percent are made of “methacrylic”. UK

17

consumers have a general preference for baths althoughshowers are gaining in popularity.

Slightly over 50 percent of the washbasins are soldwith pedestals. The sales of the back to wall washbasins have increased in the last few years. Almost all washbasins are made of ceramic though asmall portion are plastic or steel.

For WCs the UK customer has a preference for thetraditional low level and high level WC. The proportionof WC cisterns made of plastics has declined in favourof better quality ceramic products. The bidet marketremains very small in the UK.

The use of ceramic floor/wall tiles in the UK increasedby 71 percent between 1990 and 2000. Over this period,per capita consumption of ceramic tiles increased from0.6 m2 to 1 m2. As in France, pastel colours are popularin the UK market.

0 2 0

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Belgium

Of the twelve product groups, five (baths, showers andwashbasins of plastics, bidets, lavatory pans, flushingcisterns and similar sanitary or hygiene products ofplastics, ceramic sanitary of porcelain or china, bathsof steel sheet and large sanitary ware made of steel)are not recorded in the table presented.

These product groups play a significant role in theBelgian market for sanitary ware and ceramic tiles.The information in figure 3.6 should be used tocompare the relative, but not absolute, sizes of productgroups. For estimates of the total Belgian market size,refer to figure 3.1 and 3.2.

Belgium is the fifth largest DIY sales market in Europe.For the professional market it should be noted that

18

the Belgian construction sector is expected to grow in2002 and 2003 by 2.4 and 2.5 percent respectively.For baths, Belgian customers do reveal a markedpreference for iron/steel products. Around 60 percentof all baths sold is made of steel and the remainderconsists of acrylic products. By contrast, for showertrays the Belgian customers do not reveal a markedpreference for either acrylic or steel products.

Between 1990 and 2000, the market for ceramicfloor/wall tiles decreased by 14 percent. Per capitaconsumption of ceramic tiles in Belgium declined from2.2 m2 in 1990 to 1.9 m2 in2000. Both pastel andnatural colours are popular in the Belgian market.Natural colours tend to be somewhat more popular inthe Dutch speaking part (Wallonia) and pastel coloursin the French speaking part (Flanders).

34

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The Netherlands

Of the twelve product groups, four (baths, showers andwashbasins of plastics, ceramic sanitary ware made ofporcelain or china, sanitary ware made of stainless steeland glazed ceramic tiles) are not recorded in the figurepresented above. The information in figure 3.7 shouldbe used to compare the relative, but not absolute,sizes of product groups. For estimates of the total Dutchmarket size, refer to figure 3.1 and 3.2.

The Dutch DIY market is the fourth largest DIY salesmarket in Europe. For the professional market it shouldbe noted that the Dutch construction sector as a wholeis expected to decline in 2002 and 2003, yet part of thiswill be offset by an increase in the number ofrenovations. Over this 2 year period, renovations areexpected to take place in approximately 15 percentof the total housing market, encompassing roughly1 million houses. Both for baths and shower traysDutch customers do reveal a marked preference foracrylic products. Approximately 60 percent of all bathsand shower trays sold are acrylic, and the remainderconsists of iron/steel products.

19

The majority (90 percent) of the wash basins sold arewall hung wash basins. Almost all wash basins aremade of ceramic though a small portion are plastic orsteel.

For WCs the Dutch customer has developed a preferencefor wall hung shallow pan WC. The proportion of WCcisterns made of plastics has declined in favour of thebetter quality ceramic products. Quality ceramicproducts are used in owner-occupied houses.

A recent trend towards built-in cisterns (steel frameand plastic reservoir) favours the use of plastics. In addition, the demand for higher toilets is increasingin the Netherlands, whereas the bidet market remainsvery small.

The use of ceramic floor/wall tiles in the Netherlandsdecreased by 56 percent between 1990 and 2000, percapita consumption of ceramic tiles decreased in theNetherlands from 1.6 m2 per person in 1990 to 0.7 m2

in 2000. Light natural colours are especially popular inthe Dutch market.

69

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3.2 Market segmentationData on consumption should be treated with caution,as data are not available for all of the product groupscovered by this document. EU consumption data perproduct group are presented in the table below. The five largest product groups are:• Glazed ceramic flags and paving, hearth or wall

tiles > 7 cm;• Ceramic sanitary of porcelain or china;• Plastic baths, showers and washbasins;• Unglazed ceramic flags and paving, hearth or wall

tiles > 7 cm;• Stainless steel sinks and wash basins and

cast-iron baths;

The market for sanitary ware & ceramic tiles can besub-divided into the professional and private markets; afurther useful division can be made by classifyingproducts according to three price ranges: high-, mid-and low-range products. Mid-range and low-rangeproducts have accounted for an increasingly large shareof sales in the bathroom ceramics sector in recent years.

The professional market, which is largely supplied byimporters/wholesalers, can be divided into three mainsegments that reflect the major construction markets:• Residential;• Non-residential;• Renovation.

20

The professional market tends to strive for efficiency,while respecting official quality standards describedin the EU Strategic Marketing Guide “Sanitary Ware& Ceramic Tiles”. Low (purchasing) price is animportant factor determining demand, thus makingthe professional market a potential buyer of low andmid-range products. Exceptions to this general ruleare the bathroom boutiques and prestigious projects.

The key decision makers in the professional non-residential markets are architects and othercontrollers on major building projects. In order tominimise risk, they tend to demand products that adhere to certain national or international qualitystandards. By contrast, though the influence ofarchitects etc. is still large, the influence of the buyeror tenant on the product choice is growing in theresidential market.

An important feature within the professional buildingindustry is the difference in the attitude towardsthe latest trends in fashion. In the renovation,non-residential and rental residential sector there is atendency to use the more basic construction materials,with white as the leading colour. By contrast, private house-owners are more likely todemand luxury goods with specific characteristics(reflecting trends in fashion) as opposed to basicsanitary ware.

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Figure 3.8 EU consumption per product group, 2000 (Million euro)

Source: Eurostat (2001) Note: Stainless steel sinks and wash basins & cast iron baths are grouped together.

The private market is covered to a large extent by salesthrough Do It Yourself (DIY) outlets. The DIY-marketis a potential buyer of products in the low and mid priceranges. Over recent years the volume of sales throughthe DIY channel has increased and continued moderategrowth is expected in the future. This growth will be atthe cost of trade through other channels. Between 1989-1999 DIY shops in the Netherlands haveon average increased their sales by 8 percent per year.

In the private market there is also a tendency to usemore basic construction materials. In the DIY segment,brands do not generally play a major role and priceand aesthetics are generally regarded to be the mostimportant attributes influencing the purchase the goods.As individuals seldom demand national or internationalquality, compliance with these standards is not a pre-condition for selling in this market. This fact has influenced enterprise strategies, as somemanufacturers have concentrated only on the privatemarket. In Europe the DIY segment is concentrated inWestern-Europe (i.e. Germany, France, UnitedKingdom, Netherlands and Belgium). The DIY segmentis expected to grow even more, by a shift from projectdevelopers towards the private market. This growth willbe at the cost of the wholesale sector.

Due to a reduction of leisure time, for example in thecase of working couples (i.e. both adults working),there is a tendency in the private market to buy a totalconcept including installation. This activity is mainlyserved by specialists (bathroom boutiques) rather thanthe DIY segment.

Overall the private market appears to offer the bestopportunities for exporters from developing countries.Trade data on EU imports from developing countriesindicate that product groups of most interest forexporters from developing countries are glazed ceramicflags and paving, hearth or wall tiles > 7 cm, ceramicsanitary of porcelain or china, plastic baths, showersand washbasins, unglazed ceramic flags and paving,hearth or wall tiles > 7 c, and stainless steel sinks andwash basins and cast-iron baths.

3.3 Consumption patterns and trendsThe market for sanitary ware and ceramic tiles hasreached a stage of market maturity with householdpenetration at saturation level. The demand for sanitaryware and ceramic tiles are influenced by the factorsdescribed below.

General economic situationThe economic situation in the EU declined since thelast quarter of 2001. Economic growth is expected toincrease by 1 percent, whereas inflation is expected toincrease by 2 percent in 2002. Economic growth isexpected to rise again to 3 percent in 2003.

21

In spite of the (slightly) higher than expected inflation,private consumption is expected to remain buoyant asa result of declining unemployment, and tax cuts onprivate incomes.

Number of new houses built and the numberof renovation activities Birth-rates within the EU are generally low, and to agreater or lesser extent population growth in Europedepends on the outcome of immigration policies.Nonetheless, the increasing dissolution of marriages,while causing a reduction in the average number ofinhabitants per house, has an influence on the totaldemand for the number of housing units. The number of house owners in the EU is increasing,but remains relatively low in Germany, the UnitedKingdom, France and the Netherlands.

According to the European Construction Industry 2001(ECI 2001) Report, the EU building industry generatedbusiness worth € 852 billion (excluding VAT). The newresidential market (€ 202 billion) continued to dominatefollowed by the residential repair and maintenancemarket (€ 190 billion). The market for new non-residential buildings amountedto € 154 billion and the market for non-residentialrepair and maintenance amounted to € 103 billion.The economic recovery between 1999 and 2000, wasreflected in the house building sub-sector (increase by2.9 percent in value in 2000), but is expected toslowdown to a 1 percent increase in 2001.The favourable economic climate resulted in a growthrate around 3 percent between 1999 and 2000 for bothpublic and private non-residential buildings. Although estimates for 2001 and 2002 were positive inthe Report, the effects of the last quarter of 2001 mayshow some adverse results. The rehabilitation andmaintenance sub-sector grew strongest between 1999-2000, reaching growth up to 3.3 percent,which, according to the ECI 2001 Report, is likelyto slowdown to 1.3 percent in 2001.

Forecasts by Euroconstruct for the Europeanconstruction industry gives varying results per country,but the overall picture shows a slowdown in the annualgrowth between 2000 and 2001. (see table 3.1)

Trends in fashionIn ceramic tiles there is a trend towards bigger tiles(i.e. as opposed to the usual sizes up to 150 x 150 mm).For industrial applications (such as chemical industry,food sector, garages, ware houses) where technicalrequirements dominate, formats of 20 x 20 are popular.Due to mechanical loads these tiles are 15 - 20 mmthick. In reception rooms (living rooms, reception halls,etc.) the aesthetic aspects tend to dominate. In thesemarkets the larger sizes (30 x 30 or larger) dominate.For safety reasons, anti-slip tiles are increasingly used

22

northern Europeans tend to be taller than southernEuropeans and therefore require larger baths.Concerning WC cisterns it should be noted that theUK uses the siphonic (valve-less) flush whereas the valve-flush is used throughout continental Europe.As for bidets, these are virtually non-existent innorthern Europe and are more common in southernEuropean countries. Typically, in Germany, theNetherlands and the Flemish part of Belgium lightnatural colours (so-called colonial style andMediterranean style) tend to be popular. In the French speaking part of Belgium, France andalso the UK there tends to be a preference for romanticpastel decorated bathrooms.

Table 3.1 EU construction growth in percentage change (excl. Luxembourg)

1997 1998 1999 2000 (E) 2001 (F) 2002 (F)* 2003 (F)*

Austria 1.3 3 1 2 0.9 1.5 1.5 Belgium 6.2 3.4 1 4.4 -0.1 2.4 3.5 Denmark 3.5 2.3 -5.1 3.4 -5.3 2.9 2.9 Finland 11.7 11 6 4.7 4.4 1 0.7 France -1.1 0.8 5.6 5.5 2.9 1.9 2.4 Germany -1.5 -1 0.4 -1.5 0 0.9 1.5 Ireland 14.9 8.1 14.2 8.9 NA 6 4.5 Italy -2.3 -0.1 1.8 3.4 2.5 1 -0.1 Netherlands 2.8 2.9 5.5 5.4 2.4 0.6 0 Portugal 13.3 5.9 4.7 4.9 2.4 2.5 2.2 Spain 2.2 5.7 8.5 7.3 5.5 2.4 2 Sweden -6.6 2.9 2.2 4.3 4.2 3.7 2.7United Kingdom 3.1 1.9 1.3 3.1 2.9 2.5 2.3

E Estimate F ForecastSource: The European Construction Industry 2001,

* The European Construction Industry 2000 (the ECI 2001 does no longer provide these forecast figures).

in public buildings. For garden purposes, thick tiles (15-20 mm thick, format 20 x 20, are becomingincreasingly popular. These tiles are usually terra cottacoloured. Due to the increase in house ownership acrossEurope demand for more fashionable sanitary ware andceramic tiles is increasing.

EU market differencesBathrooms are normally “dry” environments in the UKas opposed to “wet” (i.e. tiled floors, walls etc.) onthe Continent, which explains the low per capitaconsumption of ceramic tiles in the UK. Moreover bathing is more popular in the UK than Europewhere showers are more prevalent. At the same time,

The main types of WC pan used in Europe are :

• The floor WC / closed coupled WC suite The cistern sits onto the rear platform of the bowl and provides a wash downflush to the WC pan (picture 9 of ceramic sanitary ware, section 1.2)

• The single floor standing The cistern and bowl are separate (picture 5 of ceramic sanitary ware,section 1.2)

• Wall-hung cisterns The cistern and bowl are attached to the wall (picture 6 of ceramic sanitaryware, section 1.2)

Particularly in the UK market, there is still a considerable market for two sub-types of the single floor standing type:

• The low level WC Traditional pan with a separate wall cistern mounted about 20 cm above thepan, connected together with a flush pipe

• The high level WC Similar to the above but the cistern is wall mounted about 2 m above floorlevel and has a chain pull.

ProductionThe use of changing techniques on building sites arecausing producers to adapt their products accordingly.Skilled craftsmen still dominate in the housingsegment but new technology is penetrating the marketfor industrial and public buildings. Due to health problems of tilers and the unpopularity ofcraftsmanship there is a need for greater automation ofprocesses on building sites.The so-called vibration technique is already establishedfor floor finishing. This technique uses special tilesthat are laid down and fixed by vibrating the floor witha special device, resulting in a solid construction witha flat surface. The first tiling robots and manipulatorsare being introduced also. These require high qualitytiles (e.g. high accuracy of dimension) that are packedin accordance with the specifications provided by thearchitect. The technique of fixing the tiles withadhesives to a finished flat surface is already quitecommon and has become more popular than thetraditional method of fixing tiles in a mortar bed.

Sales of total conceptsBoth in the private and professional market the trendfor manufacturers / wholesalers to sell total conceptsinstead of just their products is of importance. For the private market, this trend is fuelled by anincreasing demand for information and service fromconsumers. It is common for DIY stores to have arange of total concept packages for different jobs thatinclude materials, manuals and hints how to solveproblems. An example of such a total package is thetotal bathroom formula including tiles, baths, adhesives,toilets, taps, services etc.

For the professional market the total concept trend isfuelled by the growing demand for personal housing(i.e. building directly for consumers), which requiresdevelopers as well as contractors (often the samecompany) to adapt to specific consumer requirements.The developers / contractors generally have contractswith suppliers of total concepts and will use suppliersshowrooms in order to be able to communicate withthe customer. The phenomenon of virtual showroomson the Internet can provide a means of assistingcustomers to make choices by providing inspiringexamples (e.g. http://www.tyler38.freeserve.co.uk/).

Total concepts are created by so-called intermediatecompanies. Their function is to develop sellingformulas (i.e. concepts from a coherent set of productsincluding tools, instructions, fasteners etc.) in order tosolve the problems of the consumer. Sometimes thisrole is being explored by the main producer, contractoror the distribution company. The DIY shop / bathroomboutique offers space to present and sell the productand receives a percentage of the sales price in return foroffering shelf space.

23

DIYDIY is increasing in popularity in Western Europe. DIY is becoming more accepted as a leisure activityand the participation of women in the “doing” aspectof the DIY tasks influences the way in whichmanufacturers and retailers are presenting theirproducts. Suppliers can distinguish themselves byfactors such as presentation, advertising, distributionand logistics, and services (e.g. helpdesk, after sales,manuals, etc.). In some cases, actual products havebeen moved to the background at the expense ofpresentation, for example where efforts have beenmade to enlarge the emotional value of productsby associating them with a certain atmosphere (e.g. a product line called Mozart has been presentedby an image showing a violin on a tiled surface).

Sustainable buildingAs a result of increasing consciousness of theinheritance that current building methods will leave forfuture generations, sustainable building has becomean important topic in Western Europe, notably in theNetherlands and Germany. Until only a few years ago,environmental discussions were largely of an emotionalnature, whereby natural materials were preferred toartificial and chemical materials. More recently,calculation models have been developed in order to beable to quantify the environmental damage resultingfrom decisions made over product choices. The international most adapted methods are based onthe so-called ‘Life Cycle Analyses (LCA)’. These methods quantify the environmental damagethrough all the life phases of a product/project; fromresources and production, through the functional phaseand, ultimately, the demolition and possible necessity todeposit or recycle waste material. Since these modelsare accepted the discussion is rational rather thanemotional.

Plastic materials have, for example, an emotionaldisadvantage from the discussions in the past. PVChas especially had an impact in reducing the ‘public’image of plastics in general. Thermoplastic materialssuch as acrylic are, however rather easy to recycle andtheir standing has risen in environmental terms. Steel, though rather easy to recycle, requires a lot ofresources such as ore and energy for basic production.Due to the baking process, production of ceramicproducts is also energy intensive but ceramic sanitaryproducts are very durable and can last for many years.Ceramic covered floors and walls are very durable aswell, although in most applications they are replaceddue to fashion effects.

4 PRODUCTION

Sanitary ware A number of mergers and acquisitions in recent yearshave greatly increased the level of concentration inthe sanitary-ware industry. A few major groups controllarge shares of the market. These include:• The Sanitec Group (part of Metra group of Finland),

including the brands Ifö and IDO (Nordic countries),Sphinx (NL) and Keramag (Finland/ Germany),Kolo (Poland), Allia (France) and Domino (Italy)and with ceramics plants in Finland, Sweden,Norway, Germany, France, Portugal, Italy,Netherlands, Poland;

• Ideal Standard (American Standard of USA) withceramic plants in UK (5 plants), Italy (6) France (2)Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Greece and Egypt;

• Roca (Spain) with ceramic plants mainly in Spain,Portugal and Poland.

Other significant manufacturers include Jacob Delafon(Coolair Group / USA), Villeroy & Boch (Germany),Shires (UK) and Duravit (Germany).

The European sanitary-ware industry has also beenmarked by a relocation of some production to CEEC ornon–EU Mediterranean states, where labour costs are

cheaper. For example, Ideal Standard recently acquiredBulgaria’s major ceramic ware manufacturer and isexpanding production there in order to supply EUmarkets while closing four EU facilities; Sanitec hasnew factories in Egypt and Poland but is also investingto make its EU plants more competitive. Generally, the sanitary-ware industry in Europe isfacing greater competition from products coming fromoutside the EU.

As production standards still differ across Europe,production plants are being maintained in the differentmember states in order to serve the local markets. Since the lions share of sanitary production is still forthe national markets it is not surprising that the mainproducing countries in the EU are Italy, Germany,United Kingdom, Spain and France.

The Eurostat production data presented below have tobe treated with caution since not all countries andproducts are fully covered, and, therefore, the absolutevalues provided should be treated with caution.However, the overall picture that Italy, Germany, UK,Spain and France are the main producers within the EUreflects reality.

24

Sanitary ware

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Luxembourg

Austria

Ireland

Finland

Belgium

Danmark

Greece

Netherlands

Sweden

Portugal

United Kingdom

France

Spain

Italy

Germany

Figure 4.1 Production of sanitary ware in the EU, 2000 (million euro)

Source: Eurostat (2001)

Ceramic floor/wall tilesSales of European production of ceramic wall/floor tilesamounted to € 11.4 billion in 2000. The Europeanceramics industry continues to be highly competitiveinternationally, with strong production concentrations inthe Sassuolo (Italy 300 firms) and Castellón (Spain 200firms) areas, and sizeable activities in Germany,Portugal and France.

Strong German brands on the European market areLaufen, Buchtal, Roben (industrial floors) and Gail(swimming pools). Mosa is the largest Dutch brandproducing all kinds of floor and wall tiles (see section1.2 for examples). Important Spanish producers are forinstance Fabresa and Porcelanatto. Furthermore thereare many producers of ceramic tiles in Italy, examplesof strong brands are Ariostea, La Fabbrica and IrisCeramica.

The Italian ceramic tile industry is the world leaderboth in terms of production and exports, accounting forabout 20 percent of total world output and 46 percent oftotal EU production. Italian production is particularlyconcentrated in the so-called “ceramic belt”, consistingof the provinces of Modena and Reggio Emilia, whoseceramic tiles production constitutes the 80 percent ofthe overall Italian total. As far as production andtechnology are concerned the Italian ceramic industryhas expanded significantly, increasing its output tenfold in a little more than 30 years.

25

Ceramic Tiles

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Belgium

Ireland

Luxembourg

Netherlands

Austria

Sweden

Danmark

Finland

Greece

United Kingdom

France

Portugal

Germany

Spain

Italy

Figure 4.2 Production of ceramic tiles in EU, 2000 (million euro)


5 IMPORTS

Trade figures quoted in this section must be interpretedand used with extreme caution. The collection of dataregarding trade flows has become more difficult sincethe establishment of the single market on 1 January1993. Prior to that date, trade was registered by meansof compulsory customs procedures at border crossingsbut, with the removal of the intra-EU borders, this is nolonger the case. Statistical bodies such as Eurostatcan no longer depend on the automatic generation oftrade figures. In the case of intra-EU trade, statisticalreporting is only compulsory for exporting andimporting firms whose trade exceeds a certain annualvalue. The threshold varies considerably from countryto country, but it is typically about € 100,000. As a consequence, although figures for trade betweenthe EU and the rest of the world are accuratelyrepresented, trade within the EU is generallyunderestimated. The value of the trade figures in this section liesprimarily in the comparison of relative sizes rather thantheir absolute value.

The statistics specify total imports, imports originatingfrom the EU Member States and non-EU countries,both in volumes and values.

Developing countries, as defined by the OECD, are listedin Appendix 9. Appendix 1 lists import statistics ofthe EU and the selected markets within the EU andgives detailed breakdowns of the statistics by productgroup and supplying country.

5.1 Total importsIn 2000, total EU imports of sanitary ware & ceramictiles reached a volume of 6,494 thousand tonnes,which represented a value of US$ 4,460 million or€ 4,848 million. An overview of EU imports of sanitaryware and ceramic tiles is presented in figure 5.1.

Between 1998 and 2000, the value of EU importsdecreased by 14 percent while its volume increased by0.4 percent indicating that import prices have fallenduring the described period. Changes in volume andvalue of imports were very different for the respectiveEU Member States, however. Differences acrossproduct groups with respect to changes in volume andvalue between EU Member States will be discussed inthis section for Germany, France, United Kingdom,the Netherlands, and Belgium. An overview of thelargest EU importers of sanitary ware and ceramic tilesis provided in figure 5.2.

26

Total

0

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1998 1999 2000

Extra EU

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1998 1999 2000

Developing countries

0

50

100

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1998 1999 2000

Figure 5.1 Overview of EU imports in million euro, 1998-2000


As shown in figure 5.2, Germany is the largest EUimporter of sanitary ware and ceramic tiles,with imports valued at US$ 1,120 million (€ 1,217 million) in 2000. Since 1998, its share intotal EU imports declined by 8 percent. France,the second largest EU importer (US$ 955 million,€ 1,038 million), enjoyed a fairly stable amount ofimports between 1998 and 2000. The United Kingdomis Europe’s third largest importer followed by Belgiumand Austria, Italy and the Netherlands.

27

In 2000, intra-EU imports accounted for most of totalEU imports (82 percent in value and 84 percent involume originated from within the EU). Italy, Spain,Germany and France are the top 4 of suppliers,supplying 31, 11, 11 and 5 percent respectively.Developing countries accounted for 9 percent of totalvalue and 11 percent of total volume of EU imports.Turkey, which accounted for 4 percent of total EUimports, is the largest non-EU country supplying theEU market.

The most important developing countries as suppliersof EU imports, after Turkey (US$ 176 million,€ 191 million), are Egypt (US$ 47 million,€ 51 million), China (US$ 38 million, € 41 million),Morocco (US$ 19 million, € 21 million), Slovenia(US$ 19 million, € 21 million), Thailand (US$ 18 million, € 20 million) and Indonesia (US$ 17 million, € 18 million).

Germany

In 2000, German imports of sanitary ware and ceramictiles amounted to US$1,120 million (€ 1,218 million)with a total volume of 1,750 thousand tonnes.Compared to 1998, this was 36 percent lower in valueand 22 percent lower in volume. Imports from extraEU countries, including developing countries,declined by 8 percent in value and 7 percent in volumeto respectively US$287 million (€ 311 million) and375 thousand tonnes.

Total

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

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1998 1999 2000

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0

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100

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1998 1999 2000


0

20

40

60

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160

1998 1999 2000

Figure 5.3 Overview of German imports in million euro, 1998-2000


France20%

Germany24%

Other9%

Portugal3%

Greece4%

Spain4%

Netherlands5%

Italy5%

Austria6%

Belgium6% UK

14%

Figure 5.2 Largest EU importers of sanitary ware & ceramic tiles, 2000


In 2000, imports of ceramic tiles represented 60 percentof total German imports of sanitary ware and ceramictiles. Glazed ceramic tiles accounted for 47 percent oftotal German imports of sanitary ware and ceramictiles, amounting to US$ 524 million (€ 569 million)with a volume of 1,179 thousand tonnes. Unglazedceramic tiles accounted for 13 percent of total Germanimports amounting to US$ 150 million (€ 163 million)with a volume of 420 thousand tonnes. For both glazed and unglazed ceramic tiles, close to98 percent of imports consist of flags and paving,hearth or wall tiles larger than 7 centimetres.Compared to 1998, Germany’s imports in 2000 ofglazed ceramic tiles decreased by 41 percent in valueand by 29 percent in volume. German imports ofunglazed ceramic tiles decreased by 38 percent invalue, whereas only a 1 percent decrease in volumeis reported.

In 2000, imports of sanitary ware represented 40 percentof total German imports of sanitary ware and ceramictiles. Sanitary ware made of plastics accounted for20 percent of the value of total German imports ofsanitary ware and ceramic tiles amounting to US$ 221 million (€ 240 million) with a volume of36 thousand tonnes. During the 1998-2000 periodimports of sanitary ware made of plastics decreasedby 30 percent in value and by 8 percent in volume. This decrease was mainly caused by the sharp declinein the value and volume of cast iron steel baths, whichdecreased by 49 percent in value, and by 97 percent involume. Furthermore, a sharp decline was seen in thevalue of imports of plastic baths, showers andwashbasins (a 38 percent decline, whereas the importvolume remained nearly the same), accompanied by adecline of 37 percent in the value of ceramic sanitary ofporcelain or china and a 20 percent decrease in volume.

28

The only two product groups showing positive results,were ceramic sanitary (a 13 percent increase in value,accompanied by a 34 percent increase in volume), andlarge sanitary of stainless steel (a 5 percent valueincrease, whereas the volume decreased by 6 percent)which represented 18 percent of the imports of sanitaryware in Germany in 2000.

In 2000, Germany imported US$162 million (€ 176 million) worth of large ceramic sanitary articlesamounting to 14 percent of total German imports.Compared to 1998, the value of ceramic sanitaryimports in 2000 had fallen by 29 percent in value,while the imported volume declined by 11 percent.

In 2000, German imports of sanitary ware made of ironor steel amounted to US$64 million (€ 69 million) witha volume of 13 thousand tonnes. Compared to 1998,imports of sanitary ware made of iron or steeldeclined in 2000 by respectively 7 percent in valueand 11 percent in volume.

France

In 2000, French imports of sanitary ware and ceramictiles amounted to US$ 883 million (€ 960 million).With a total volume of 1,467 thousand tonnes.Compared to 1998, the value of French imports ofsanitary ware and ceramic tiles remained constant,whereas import volumes increased by 20 percent.Imports from developing countries increased by 20 invalue and 45 percent in volume, representing 5 percentof the total value of French sanitary ware and ceramictile imports in 2000.

In 2000, imports of ceramic tiles represented 70 percentof total French imports of sanitary ware and ceramic

Total

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1998 1999 2000


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1998 1999 2000

Figure 5.4 Overview of French imports in million euro, 1998-2000


tiles. Glazed ceramic tiles accounted for 60 percent oftotal French imports of sanitary ware and ceramic tiles,amounting to US$ 526 million (€ 571 million) with avolume of 1,349 thousand tonnes. Unglazed ceramictiles accounted for 10 percent of total French imports,amounting to US$ 93 million (€ 101 million) with avolume of 210 thousand tonnes. In both glazed andunglazed ceramic tiles, close to 99 percent of importsconsist of flags and paving, hearth or wall tiles largerthan 7 centimetres. Compared to 1998, French importsin 2000 of glazed ceramic tiles decreased by 3 percentin value and increased by 19 percent in volume. French imports of unglazed ceramic tiles decreasedby 1 percent in value and increased by 17 percent involume.

In 2000, imports of sanitary ware represented30 percent of total French imports of sanitary wareand ceramic tiles. Sanitary ware made of plasticsaccounted for 12 percent of the value of total Frenchimports of sanitary ware and ceramic tiles amountingto US$ 106 million (€ 115 million) with a volume of25 thousand tonnes. During the 1998-2000 periodimports of sanitary ware made of plastics decreasedby 14 percent in value and increased by 9 percent involume.

In 2000, France imported US$ 115 million (€ 125 million) worth of ceramic sanitary articles.Compared to 1998, the value of ceramic sanitaryimports in 2000 had increased by 40 percent whilethe imported volume increased by 70 percent.

In 2000, French imports of sanitary ware made of ironor steel amounted to US$ 44 million (€ 49 million)with a volume of 13 thousand tonnes.

29

Compared to 1998, imports of sanitary ware made ofiron or steel had decreased in 2000 by 3 percent invalue and increased by 7 percent in volume.

United Kingdom

In 2000, UK imports of sanitary ware and ceramic tilesamounted to US$ 611 million (€ 664 million) with atotal volume of 645 tonnes. Compared to 1998,this was an increase of 4 percent in value and decreaseof 13 percent in volume. Imports from countriesoutside the EU amounted to 23 percent of total imports,15 percent of the UK imports originated fromdeveloping countries.

In 2000, imports of ceramic tiles represented 63 percentof total UK imports of sanitary ware and ceramic tiles.Glazed ceramic tiles accounted for 57 percent of UKimports of sanitary ware and ceramic tiles amountingto US$ 350 million (€ 380 million) with a volume of510 thousand tonnes. Unglazed ceramic tiles accountedfor 6 percent of total UK imports amounting to US$ 34 million (€ 37 million) with a volume of29 thousand tonnes. Flags and paving, hearth or walltiles larger than 7 centimetres are the most importantproduct group in both glazed tiles (94 percent) andunglazed tiles (95 percent). Compared to 1998,UK imports in 2000 of glazed ceramic tiles decreasedby 10 percent in value and by 19 percent in volume.UK imports of unglazed ceramic tiles increased by8 percent in value, but decreased by 19 percent involume.

In 2000, imports of sanitary ware represented 37 percentof total UK imports of sanitary ware and ceramic tiles.

Total

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700

1998 1999 2000

Extra EU

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1998 1999 2000


0

1020

30

4050

60

70

8090

100

1998 1999 2000

Figure 5.5 Overview of British imports in million euro, 1998-2000


Sanitary ware made of plastics accounted for 9 percentof the value of total UK imports of sanitary wareand ceramic tiles, amounting to US$ 58 million (€ 63 million) with a volume of 13 thousand tonnes.During the 1998-2000 period imports of sanitary waremade of plastics increased by 16 percent in value andby 90 percent in volume.

In 2000, the United Kingdom imported US$ 91 (€ 98 million) million worth of ceramic sanitaryarticles. Compared to 1998, the value of ceramicsanitary imports in 1999 increased by 61 percent invalue, while the imported volume increased by110 percent.In 2000, UK imports of sanitary ware made of iron orsteel amounted to US$ 78 million (€ 84 million) witha volume of 20 thousand tonnes. Compared to 1998,imports of sanitary ware made of iron or steel hadincreased in 2000 by 34 percent in value and 10 percent in volume.

The Netherlands

In 2000, Dutch imports of sanitary ware and ceramictiles amounted to US$ 217 million (€ 235 million) witha total volume of 204 tonnes. Compared to 1998, thiswas a decrease of 25 percent in value and 14 percent involume. Imports from developing countries decreasedby 6 percent in value but increased by 4 percent involume. The share of developing countries in totalDutch imports amounted to 9 percent equalling US$ 19 million (€ 21 million) with a volume of27 thousand tonnes.

In 2000, imports of ceramic tiles represented 43 percentof total Dutch imports of sanitary ware and ceramic

30

tiles. Glazed ceramic tiles accounted for 37 percent ofDutch imports of sanitary ware and ceramic tiles,amounting to US$ 93 million (€ 101 million) with avolume of 179 thousand tonnes. Unglazed ceramictiles accounted for 6 percent of total Dutch importsamounting to US$ 5 million (€ 5.4 million) with avolume of 24 thousand tonnes. Flags and paving,hearth or wall tiles larger than 7 centimetres are themost important product group in both glazed tiles(93 percent) and unglazed tiles (94 percent). Compared to 1998, Dutch imports in 2000 of glazedceramic tiles decreased by 33 percent in value andby 12 percent in volume. Dutch imports of unglazedceramic tiles decreased by 43 percent in value andby 18 percent in volume.

In 2000, imports of sanitary ware represented57 percent of total Dutch imports of sanitary wareand ceramic tiles. Sanitary ware made of plasticsaccounted for 28 percent of the value of total Dutchimports of sanitary ware and ceramic tiles amountingto US$ 61 million (€ 66 million) with a volume of10 thousand tonnes. During the 1998-2000 periodimports of sanitary ware made of plastics decreasedby 18 percent in value and by 16 percent in volume. In 2000, the Netherlands imported US$ 31 million(€ 34 million) worth of ceramic sanitary articles.Compared to1998, the value of ceramic sanitaryimports decreased by 21 percent in value and by24 percent in volume. In 2000, Dutch imports of sanitary ware made of ironor steel amounted to US$ 31 million (€ 33 million)with a volume of 5 thousand tonnes. Compared to1998,imports of sanitary ware made of iron or steel haddecreased in 2000 by 1 percent in value and by13 percent in volume.

Total

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1998 1999 2000

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1998 1999 2000

Figure 5.6 Overview of Dutch imports in million euro, 1998-2000


Belgium

In 2000, Belgian imports of sanitary ware and ceramictiles amounted to US$ 266 million (€ 289 million)with a total volume of 382 tonnes. Compared to 1998,this represents a decrease of 22 percent in value anda decrease of 2.5 percent in volume. Imports fromdeveloping countries remained the same in value andincreased by 27.5 percent in volume. The share ofdeveloping countries in total Belgian imports amountedUS$ 19 million (€ 21 million) with a volume of51 thousand tonnes. It should be noted, though, thatthese figures are slightly distorted by the fact that1998 figures were combined for both Belgium andLuxembourg.

In 2000, imports of ceramic tiles represented 57 percentof total Belgian imports of sanitary ware and ceramictiles. Glazed ceramic tiles accounted for 41 percent ofBelgian imports of sanitary ware and ceramic tilesamounting to US$ 108 million (€ 117 million) with avolume of 253 thousand tonnes. Unglazed ceramic tilesaccounted for 16 percent of total Belgian importsamounting to US$ 43 million (€ 47 million) with avolume of 102 thousand tonnes. Flags and paving,hearth or wall tiles larger than 7 centimetres are themost important product group in both glazed tiles(99 percent) and unglazed tiles (93 percent). Compared to 1998, Belgian imports in 2000 of glazedceramic tiles decreased by 25 percent in value and by4 percent in volume. Belgian imports of unglazedceramic tiles decreased by 10 percent in value and by4 percent in volume As previously mentioned, figuresare slightly distorted due to the inclusion ofLuxembourg. In 2000, imports of sanitary warerepresented 43 percent of total Belgian imports ofsanitary ware and ceramic tiles.

31

Sanitary ware made of plastics accounted for 20 percentof the value of total Belgian imports of sanitary wareand ceramic tiles amounting to US$ 52 million(€ 52 million) with a volume of 9 thousand tonnes.During the 1998-2000 period imports of sanitary waremade of plastics decreased by 24 percent in value and6 percent in volume. In 2000, Belgium imported US$ 34 million(€ 37 million) worth of ceramic sanitary articles.Compared to 1998, the value of ceramic sanitaryimports in 2000 decreased by 15 percent in valueand by 2 percent in volume.

In 2000, Belgian imports of sanitary ware made of ironor steel amounted to US$ 27 million (€ 29 million)with a volume of 5 thousand tonnes. Compared to 1998,imports of sanitary ware made of iron or steel haddecreased in 2000 by 33 percent in value and by27 percent in volume.

5.2 Imports by product group

5.2.1 EU imports of sanitary wareIn 2000 the EU imported US$ 1,891 million(€ 2,055 million) of sanitary ware, which was aboutforty percent of EU imports of sanitary ware &ceramic tiles. Since 1998, imports of sanitary waredeclined by 5 percent in value and rose by 20 percentin volume. More than a quarter of imports come fromoutside the EU, with developing countries accountingfor 9 percent of total EU imports of sanitary ware.The segment of large plastic sanitary componentsconstituted the largest share (40 percent) of EU importsof sanitary articles followed by the group of ceramicsanitary products (38 percent) and sanitary made ofiron/steel (22 percent).

Total

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TilesSanitary

Figure 5.7 Overview of Belgian imports in million euro, 1998-2000

Source: Eurostat (2001) Note: Data for Belgium 1998 include Luxembourg

Large plastic sanitary componentsImports of plastic sanitary articles amounted to136 thousand tonnes in 2000, or US$ 753 million(€ 181 million), thereby being the largest productgroup.

Imports from the EU (74 percent of total imports oflarge plastic sanitary components) rose by 18 percent involume, and decreased by 3 percent in value. Importedvolumes from other (non-EU) countries increased by 18percent in volume, and decreased by 4 percent in value.

32

The value of imports from developing countries in the1998-2000 period rose by an above average figure of19 percent, the import volume rose by 39 percent.

Plastic bidets, lavatory pans, flushing cisternsand othersEU Imports of plastic bidets, lavatory pans, flushingcisterns and others make up the largest segment of largeplastic sanitary ware and components, amounting toUS$ 335 million (€ 364 million) in 2000, 14 percentless in value than in 1998. In 2000, only 3 percent of

17%

5%

18%

26%

12%

9%

1%

3%

9%Plastic baths, showers andwashbasins

Plastic lavatory seats and covers

Plastic bidets, lavatory pans, flushingcisterns and others

Ceramic sanitary of porcelain or china

Ceramic sanitary

Stainless steel sinks and wash basins

Cast iron baths

Baths of steel sheet

Large sanitary of stainless steel

Figure 5.8 Shares of product groups in EU import of sanitary ware, 2000


0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Large sanitary of stainless steel

Baths of steel sheet

Cast iron baths

Stainless steel sinks and wash basins

Ceramic sanitary

Ceramic sanitary of porcelain or china

Plastic bidets, lavatory pans, flushing cisterns and others

Plastic lavatory seats and covers

Plastic baths, showers and washbasins

Total

GermanyFranceUKBelgiumThe NetherlandsOther

Figure 5.9 Share of selected EU markets in total value of EU sanitary ware imports by product group, 2000


total imports of plastic bidets, lavatory pans, flushingcisterns and others came from developing countries anda further 73 percent from other non-EU countries.

Plastic baths, showers and washbasinsBaths, showers and washbasins make up for the secondlargest segment of large plastic sanitary ware andcomponents, amounting to US$ 323 million(€ 351 million) in 2000. Imports from outside theEU account for 29 percent of the value of EU importsand 37 percent of total volume. The share of developingcountries amounts to 17 percent in value (23 percentof volume).

Plastic lavatory seats and coversEU Imports of plastic lavatory seats and coversamounted to US$ 95 million (€ 103 million) in 2000,7 percent less in value than in 1998. In 2000, 4 percentof total imports of lavatory seats and covers came fromdeveloping countries and a further 12 percent fromother non-EU countries.

In 2000, Germany imported 29 percent of total EUimports of large plastic sanitary ware and components,equalling US$ 221 million (€ 240 million) ,followed by France (14 percent), Italy (8 percent),the Netherlands (8 percent), the United Kingdom(8 percent) and Belgium (7 percent). The largest suppliers of EU imports were Germany(22 percent), Italy (14 percent) and United Kingdom(8 percent). Among developing countries, the mostimportant supplier of large plastic sanitary ware andcomponents to the EU was Egypt (US$ 23 million(€ 25 million), or 3 percent of total EU imports)which enjoyed a 69 percent growth of exports of theseproducts to the EU between 1998 and 2000. Other important developing countries supplying the EUare South Africa (US$ 15 million, € 9 million),Slovenia (US$ 10 million, € 11 million) and Turkey(US$8 million, € 9 million). In 2000 these were theonly developing countries exporting over US$ 8 million(€ 9 million) worth of large plastic sanitary ware andplastic sanitary components to the EU.

Large ceramic sanitary componentsIn 2000, EU imports of ceramic sanitary componentsamounted to US$ 741 million (€ 805 million)(weighing 431 thousand tonnes). The largest share(74 percent) consisted of sanitary components ofporcelain or china. Since 1998 EU imports of ceramicsanitary increased by 2 percent in value and 27 percentin volume. Developing countries, with around17 percent, contributed substantially to total EU importsof this product group and another 15 percent came fromother non-EU countries.

EU imports originating from outside the EU enjoyedabove average growth during the 1998-2000 period.

33

Extra-EU countries saw their exports to the EU riseby 32 percent in value and 60 percent in volume,developing countries more specifically registeredincreases of 18 and 39 percent respectively.

Germany was the largest EU importer of ceramicsanitary components importing US$ 162 million(€ 176 million) or 22 percent of total EU imports,followed by France (16 percent), the United Kingdom(12 percent), Belgium 5 percent) and the Netherlands(4 percent).

The top 3 suppliers of EU imports are Germany,which supplied 16 percent of total imports, France(10 percent) and Italy (9 percent). Turkey was the mostimportant source of EU imports from developingcountries, accounting for 7 percent of total EU imports.Egypt, Morocco, China and Thailand, suppliedrespectively US$ 20 (€ 22), US$ 18 (€ 20),US$ 12 (€ 13), and US$ 10 million (€ 11 million).

Large iron/steel sanitary componentsImports of large iron/steel sanitary components is thesmallest product group amounting to US$ 397 million(€ 431 million) (101 thousand tonnes). More than aquarter of these imports originated from outside the EU,with only 9 percent from developing countries. In the1998-2000 period, EU imports of large iron/steelsanitary components rose by 4 percent in value, and13 percent in volume. The share of imports originatingfrom extra-EU countries increased by 16 percent.

The United Kingdom is the largest EU importer ofiron/steel sanitary components (20 percent of total EUimports). British imports amounted to US$ 78 million(€ 85 million) in 2000, followed by Germany(16 percent), France (11 percent), the Netherlands(8 percent), and Belgium (7 percent). The remaining10 EU countries accounted for 38 percent of EUimports.

5.2.2 EU imports of ceramic tilesTiles, of various types, account for almost 60 percent oftotal EU imports of sanitary ware & ceramic tiles. In2000, the EU imported 5,977 thousand tonnes of tileswith a value of US$ 2,569 million (€ 2,792 million).This represented a fall in value of 20 percent comparedto 1998 and a decrease in volume of 1 percent. In 2000,intra-EU imports accounted for 90 percent of total EUimports. Extra EU imports amounted to the remaining10 percent, with 7 percent coming from developingcountries. The vast majority of imports are glazed tiles(83 percent) as opposed to unglazed tiles (17 percent).

Unglazed ceramic flags and paving,hearth or wall tilesAlthough unglazed ceramic tiles accounted for only17 percent of all tiles imported by EU countries in2000, total imports still amounted to 1 million tonnes involume and US$ 424 million (€ 461 million) in value.

Between 1998 and 2000 imports of these tilesdecreased significantly in value (by 20 percent) in valueand increased by 7 percent in volume. Only 6 percentof these imports originated from countries outside theEU, and only 3 percent from developing countries.

Few EU countries imported unglazed tiles on a largescale. Of these, Germany is the largest importer(US$ 150 million, € 163 million) and accounts for35 percent of EU imports of unglazed tiles. Franceaccounts for 22 percent of EU imports, followed byBelgium (10 percent), the United Kingdom (8 percent),and the Netherlands (3 percent).

34

Italy, which supplied US$ 261 million (€ 284 million)worth of tiles (64 percent of EU imports), is the largestsupplier of unglazed ceramic tiles to the EU. Germanyis the second largest supplier (8 percent of total EUimports). Developing countries accounted for 3 percentof total EU imports of unglazed ceramic tiles in 2000.

Glazed ceramic flags and paving,hearth or wall tilesGlazed ceramic tiles etc. account for almost half thetotal value of EU imports covered by this document.In 2000, EU countries imported US$ 2,145 million(€ 2,331 million) (4,791 thousand tonnes) of productsin this category. Out of this total, US$ 2,062 million,was for tiles larger than 7 cm., with the remainingUS$ 83 million (€ 90 million) accounted for byglazed tiles for mosaics. During the period 1998-2000,the volume of total imports declined by 3 percent,while the value fell by 21 percent.

1%16%

3%

80%

Unglazed mosaic tiles (<7cm.)

Unglazed ceramic flags and paving,hearth or wall tiles (>7cm.)

Glazed mosaic tiles (<7cm.)

Glazed ceramic flags and paving,hearth or wall tiles (>7cm.)

Figure 5.10 Shares of product groups in EU import of ceramic tiles, 2000


0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Glazed ceramic flags and paving, hearth or wall tiles (>7cm.)

Glazed mosaic tiles (<7cm.)

Unglazed ceramic flags and paving, hearth or wall tiles (>7cm.)

Unglazed mosaic tiles (<7cm.)

Total

GermanyFranceUKBelgiumThe NetherlandsOther

Figure 5.11 Share of selected EU markets in total value of EU ceramic tiles imports by product-group, 2000


This decrease in value of imported goods was mainlyaccounted for by imports from Intra EU countries,which represent 89 percent of total imports. Importsfrom extra-EU countries increased of 3 percent in valueand 27 in volume over the same period. For developingcountries, which supplied 8 percent of total EU imports,imports rose by 7 percent in value and 27 percent involume.In 2000, France was the largest EU importer. France’simports of glazed tiles amounted to US$ 526 million(€ 571 million) (25 percent of total EU imports ofglazed ceramic tiles), immediately followed byGermany (24 percent), The United Kingdom accountedfor 16 percent, Belgium for 5 percent, the Netherlandsfor 4 percent, and other European countries for theremaining 26 percent.

Italy was by far the largest exporter of glazedceramic tiles to the EU, its exports amounted toUS$ 992 million (€ 1,078 million), or 48 percent oftotal EU imports. Spain, also a major producer ofglazed ceramic tiles, supplied 27 percent of EU

35

imports. Germany supplied 5 percent of EU imports,equalling the share of Turkey the most importantdeveloping country supplier to the EU market. Other developing countries supplied one percent or less.Noteworthy though, is Indonesia: although onlyUS$ 9 million (€ 10 million) worth of glazed ceramictiles were exported in 2000, this was many times morethan their exports to the EU in 1998, when they werevalued at US$ 7 million (€ 8 million).

5.3 The role of developing countriesIn 2000, EU imports of sanitary ware and ceramic tilesfrom developing countries amounted to US$ 412million (€ 448 million) with a volume of 701 thousandtonnes. Sanitary ware represented 57 percent of thetotal value of imports stemming from developingcountries, the remaining 43 percent represent imports ofceramic tiles. Figure 5.12 presents an overview of theshare of EU imports from developing countries for theEU Member States. Figure 5.13 presents an overview ofthe countries of origin of EU imports from developingcountries.

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

Tiles

Sanitary

German

yUK

France

Italty

Spain

The N

etherl

ands

Belgium

Austri

a

Greece

Irelan

d

Sweden

Finlan

d

Denmark

Portug

al

Luxem

bour

g

Figure 5.12 EU imports from developing countries as percentage of total EU imports (in %) by Member State, 2000


0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

Turke

yEgy

pt

China

Mor

occo

Sloven

ia

Thaila

nd

Indo

nesia

Brazil

South

Africa

Tunes

ia

Tiles

Sanitary

Figure 5.13 Countries of origin of EU imports from developing countries as percentage of total EU imports (in euro)from developing countries, 2000


Developing countries contributed approximately9 percent to the total EU imports of sanitary ware andceramic tiles. Exceptions are imports of unglazed tiles,of which the EU imported only 3 percent fromdeveloping countries, and imports of large ceramicsanitary components, of which the EU imported29 percent from developing countries. In terms ofvolume developing countries generally contributedmore than 11 percent of EU imports, thereby indicatingthat developing countries have generally specialised inthe cheaper products.

The share of EU imports from developing countrieshas increased in value for all product groups of sanitaryware & ceramic tiles. In the period 1998-2000, importsfrom developing countries of plastic sanitary increasedby 36 percent in value and 27 percent in volume,imports of ceramic sanitary increased by respectively10 percent in value and by 5 percent in volume,imports iron/steel sanitary components increased by88 percent in value, whereas their volume decreasedby 10 percent, imports of glazed ceramic tiles increasedby 48 percent in value and by 12 percent in volumeand imports of unglazed tiles increased by 29 percentin value, and by 22 percent in volume.

Almost half (43 percent) of EU imports of sanitaryware & ceramic tiles from developing countriesoriginated from Turkey. In 2000, Turkey exported418 thousand tonnes of sanitary ware & ceramic tileswith a total value of US$ 176 million (€ 191 million).

36

Since 1998, Turkey registered no growth in the valueof its exports of sanitary ware and ceramic tiles,whereas its volume grew by 18 percent. Turkey wasthe leading developing country exporter to the EU ofceramic sanitary ware, and both glazed and unglazedceramic tiles.

Egypt was the second largest supplier of EU imports,accounting for 11 percent of EU imports of sanitaryware and ceramic tiles from developing countries. In total Egypt exported US$ 47 million (€ 51 million)or 34 thousand tonnes in 2000, which was 49 percentmore in value and 103 percent more in volume than in1998. Egypt gained its second place mainly through itsexports of plastic baths, showers and washbasins andother large ceramic sanitary ware.

Other important exporters from emerging anddeveloping countries are China (supplying 9 percent oftotal EU imports from developing countries in 2000),Morocco (5 percent), Slovenia, Indonesia, Brazil andThailand (supplying 4 percent each). Although exportsof all these countries showed double digit growth(except South Africa), most remarkable were thegrowth of EU imports from China, which increased150 0percent in value since 1998, and that forIndonesia, which was increased by 46 percent in valueterms. These growth rates were attained by aggressivegrowth in the exports of ceramic sanitary (both Chinaand Indonesia) and in the exports of all sorts of tiles(primarily Indonesia).

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

Share Value Share Volume

Bathes

, sho

wers an

d was

hbas

ins

Lavato

ry se

ats an

d cov

ers

flush

ing ci

stern

s and

othe

rs

Large s

anita

ry of

porce

lain o

r chin

a

Other l

arge c

eramic

sanit

ary

Sinks a

nd w

ashb

asins

Baths o

f cas

t iro

n

Baths o

f stee

l she

et

Other l

arge s

anita

ry

For m

osaic

(<7c

m.)

Flags a

nd pa

ving,

heart

h or w

all ti

les (>

7cm.)

For m

osaic

(<7c

m.)

Flags a

nd pa

ving,

heart

h or w

all ti

les (>

7cm.)

Figure 5.14 Share of EU imports from developing countries


6 EXPORTS

With respect to interpreting the data the sameprecautions are needed in this chapter as mentionedin chapter 5. Please refer to Appendix 1 for moreextensive export figures.

In 2000 the EU member states exported 13,663 thousandtonnes of sanitary ware and ceramic tiles representinga total value of US$ 7,692 million or € 8,360 million .While the value of these exports declined by 7 percent,volume rose by 9 percent. Over the last ten yearsvolume almost doubled while value of EU exportsincreased by only 50 percent.

In 2000 about a third of total value of EU exports ofsanitary ware & ceramic tiles consisted of sanitaryware, the other two thirds consisted of ceramic tiles.The most important EU export product group wasglazed ceramic flags and paving, hearth or wall tileslarger than 7 centimetres. In 2000 exports of theseproducts amounted to 55 percent of total EU exports ofsanitary ware and ceramic tiles, mainly from Italy andSpain.

Most EU 2000 exports –14 percent of total value of EUexports – went to Germany. Other large importerswithin the EU were France (11 percent), UnitedKingdom (5 percent), the Netherlands and Belgiumand Austria (3 percent each).In 2000, 12 percent (US$ 886 million, € 963 million)of EU export of sanitary ware & ceramic tiles went tothe United States of America being the main destination

of EU exports outside the EU. Other destinations of EUexports outside the Union are Poland (3 percent),Switzerland and Russia, each with a share of 2 percentof total EU exports.

Germany

In 2000 Germany sold 445 thousand tonnes of sanitaryware & ceramic tiles to other countries with a value ofUS$ 741 million (€ 805 million) thereby being the thirdlargest exporter from the EU. Since 1998 its exportsdecreased by 4 percent in value (and 6 percent involume). Germany’s exports to developing countriesdropped by 2 percent in value but increased by3 percent in volume. Germany’s share of exports todeveloping countries declined somewhat over the lastthree years. In 2000, Germany’s most important exportsof sanitary ware & ceramic tiles were large plasticsanitary equipment (33 percent share of value), glazedceramic tiles (22 percent of total value), large iron/steelsanitary components (21 percent of total value) andlarge ceramic components (18 percent of total value).

France

In 2000, French exports of sanitary ware & ceramictiles amounted to US$ 377 million (€ 410 million) witha volume of 386 million tonnes. Compared to 1998French exports have fallen both in value (23 percent)and volume (7 percent). About one third of Frenchexports was exported outside the EU, of which

37

1,949

741

377216 208 134 101 93 75 48 43 42 36 19

3,610

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

1998

1999

2000Mill

ion

US$

German

yUK

France

Italty

Spain

The N

etherl

ands

Belgium

Austri

a

Greece

Irelan

d

Sweden

Finlan

d

Denmark

Portug

al

Figure 6.1 Exports Sanitary Ware & Ceramic Tiles in million euro, 1998-2000


approximately 10 percent went to developing countries.Most important French export products of sanitary ware& ceramic tiles were large ceramic sanitary components(35 percent of total French exports) and glazed ceramictiles (27 percent).

United Kingdom

In 2000, British exports declined by 16 percent invalue and 52 percent in volume to US$ 208 million(€ 68 million) and 63 thousand tonnes respectively.Close to 43 percent of UK exports belong to the groupof sanitary ware made of plastics. Large ceramicsanitary ware represents 30 percent of the value of UKexports of sanitary ware and ceramic tiles. The share of UK exports to developing countries,around 15 percent in value, is relatively large.

Belgium

In 2000, Belgian exports declined by 44 percent invalue but increased by 33 percent in volume toUS$ 75 million (€ 82 million) and 64 thousand tonnesrespectively. As mentioned in Chapter 5, though,these figures are slightly distorted by the fact that 1998figures were combined for Belgium and Luxembourg.Around 40 percent of the value of Belgian/Luxembourg’sexports consists of sanitary ware made of plastic.The value of the exports of large ceramic sanitaryamounted to 26 percent of total exports. The value of the exports of glazed ceramic tilesamounted to 16 percent of total exports.

The Netherlands

Dutch exports of sanitary ware & ceramic tiles havedeclined severely during the 1998-2000 period. In 2000, Dutch exports of US$ 93 million(€ 101 million) (89 thousand tonnes) were 26 percentless in value and 4 percent less in volume comparedto 1998. Thereby the Netherlands could only claim tobe the ninth largest EU exporter of sanitary ware &ceramic tiles in 2000. About one quarter of Dutchexports was exported outside the EU. The share ofDutch exports to developing countries remained stableat around 6 percent in value. The most importantproduct groups for Dutch exports were large plasticsanitary equipment (36 percent) and glazed ceramictiles (29 percent).

38

7 TRADE STRUCTURE

7.1 EU trade channelsThe trade channels in Western European countries arecharacterised by a strong division into functions.Graphically the distribution network is presented below,in table 7.1. In the EU the most important distributionchannel is the wholesale channel. Relatively new tradechannels that are becoming important are the DIYchannel and the “bathroom boutiques”.

Sanitary ware and ceramic tiles are mainly sold throughthe wholesale channel through which products aresubsequently sold to installers. The percentage of salesthrough this channel accounts for up to 90 percent ofsales in some European countries including Portugaland Switzerland. In France, 70 percent of sales aremade through the wholesale channel.

The close relationship between manufacturers andnational and local distributors makes it difficult forforeign manufacturers to enter the market.The professional building sector is susceptible to tacitor explicit exclusive agreements with suppliers, throughdiscounts and credit arrangements. It is also commonfor installers (plumbers) to deal principally with onesupplier. This seems to be true for most Europeancountries.

Next to the wholesale channel, manufacturers areincreasingly selling their products on the DIY market.This market has become particular popular in westernEurope and its popularity is growing elsewhere as well.Sales through this channel vary across Europe, beinglargest in Germany, France and United kingdom.

A third distribution channel are the “bathroomboutiques” which is particularly popular in the UK.This channel accounts for a maximum of 5 percent ofsales. Bathroom boutiques sell and install bathroomsuites as ‘fashion goods’, and specialise mostly in up-market brands. Service and after-sales care encompassa very important aspect of the bathroom boutiques.This requires a close relationship betweenmanufacturers and national and local distributors,which makes it more difficult for foreign manufacturersto enter the market.

7.2 Distribution channels for developingcountry exporters

For the manufacturer, there are some very importantdifferences between the various distribution channels.First, the wholesaler channel involves more levels,each of which increases the cost. Products in the DIYmarket generally are sold at a lower price, becausepurchasers are relatively more price conscious.

More importantly, there are fewer obstacles to trade inthe DIY market than in the wholesale market, becausenational quality certificates are not essential. Individual buyers do not necessarily demand qualitymarks, although these might have a marketingadvantage. Wholesalers, however, prefer to buyproducts which have the national quality mark, becauseprofessional installers demand them, and they arenecessary for many public works projects or arespecified by architects.

39

Trade Associations

Manufacturers Importers

WholesaleBuying co-operativeBathroom Boutiques

Professional Market Private market

DIY shops

Table 7.1 Trade channels

Another possible channel that may be pursued byforeign manufacturers are the European producers.The rationale is that European producers are notcapable of producing the full product range themselvesbut do want to have a full product range to offer theirclients.

In conclusion it can be said that the most importantdistribution channel for exporters from developingcountries is the DIY channel. Ways to explore the DIYchannel are either through an importer, a manufacturer,or through trade associations. An importer will buy awide variety of products, whereas a manufacturer oftenuses cheaper products to complete its assortment. If the manufacturer from a developing countryapproaches a manufacturer, it should be born in mindthat the product needs to fit the exact demands of themanufacturer, and that the product will be usedadditional to the manufacturer’s product range. This will be especially attractive for products in whichthe manufacturer is unable to produce at a low price.Although trade associations offer a third possibility toapproach the DIY market, these are often dependingon their relationship with importers and manufacturers.It is therefore better to approach the first two initially. It is not expected that exporters from developingcountries can compete with the more expensiveproducts sold via the wholesale channel or bathroomboutiques as traders require high quality goods and ahigh service level from the producers.

Please refer to Appendix 10 this survey for a list of keyEU importers of sanitary ware and ceramic tiles.

A trade fair is a good way to get into contact withcompanies from all over the world, and that could beinterested in new suppliers. Please refer to the EUStrategic Market Guide for more information on tradefairs and to Appendix 5 of this survey for contactdetails of trade fair organisers.

40

8 PRICES AND MARGINS

8.1 Prices and margins The market prices for sanitary ware & ceramic tiles arenot set by any (inter)national organisation or institution.This means prices are free and competitive. The price the end-user or the consumer pays generallyconsists of the following components:

Please refer to the EU Strategic Marketing Guide“Sanitary Ware & Ceramic Tiles” section 2.1.2“payment and delivery methods” for a description of“FOB” and “CIF”.

MarginsThe margins for the different intermediaries in the tradestructure (importers, wholesalers, retail) are difficult todetermine, because they are influenced by many factors,such as:• Size of the order;• Length of the trade channel;• Quality of the product;• Availability of the product;• Added value

The value that is added within the trade channels arisesfrom the logistics and services provided in the channel.These functions range from distribution andrepackaging to the preparation of a total sales formulaeand extensive after sales services.

The box below gives an assessment of the ranges ofmark-ups per intermediary.

PricesAn indication of the price-level that prevails in theEuropean market for sanitary ware is presented below.The prices are advised retail prices for January 2002offered by Sphinx Gustavsberg NV, a high classmanufacturer. The selection is made from their standardproduct line.

An indication of the price-level that prevails in theEuropean market for ceramic tiles is presented below.The prices are advised retail prices for January 2002offered by Koninklijke Mosa B.V., a high classmanufacturer. The selection is made from their standardproduct line.

An indication of the price level that prevails in theEuropean market for the DIY market, is given by aprice range. Often, DIY shops are characterised bycheaper prices, due to a smaller profit margin. Goods are often bought in bulk, and prices dependstrongly upon the type and quality of tiles.The selection below is based on standard tiles.

41

Intermediary Low High

Wholesaler 10 % 40 % Buying co-operative 10 % 20 % Bathroom boutiques 30 % 50 % DIY 30 % 50 %

Factory cost price, including transport to port (i.e. FOB) + Transportation and insurance costs (i.e. CIF) + Other costs (storage, banking, etc) + Import duties

Landed-cost price + Margin Importer, Wholesaler, Buying Organisation,

Retailer + Value Added Tax (VAT)

Consumer price

Product Price in €(incl. 19 % VAT)

Universal bathtub, 175x75 cm, incl. legs 496 Universal bathtub, duo-bath 180x80 cm, 603 incl legs Universal shower tray 80x80 cm 246 Washbasin 149 Wash stand 178 Toilet combination 393 Wall toilet 243 Bidet 193 Urinal 225

Product Price in € per m2

(incl. 19 % VAT)

Floor tile (Ultragres, Amethyst) 15 x 15 cm 50.4

Product Price in € per m2

(incl. 19 % VAT)

Wall tiles 20 x 25 cm 10-15 Floor tiles (unisol) 20 x 20 cm 15 Wall tiles (argentum) 25 x 33 cm 10-15 Floor tiles (country side) 30 x 45 cm 35-40 Floor tiles (richella) 40 x 40 cm 20-25

8.2 Sources of price informationTo get up-to-date price information one has to turn tothe actual importers of the different products. Appendix 3 gives relevant sources of price information.The Internet sites given are sites from producers thatgive their retail advice price. The sites are a goodsource for recent retail prices for sanitary ware andceramic tiles. The (Dutch) Internet sites arewww.mosa.nl for ceramic tiles and www.sphinx.nl forsanitary ware.

42

9 OPPORTUNITIES FOR EXPORTERS

Below, an overview is provided of product groupsand particular products interesting for exporters indeveloping countries, their main EU markets andpotentially interesting companies. Please refer to theEU Strategic Marketing Guide ‘Sanitary Ware &Ceramic Tiles’ for product profiles of plastic baths,glazed ceramic wall tiles, ceramic wall-hung urinals,plastic lavatories and steel kitchen sinks. Products havebeen selected because they can be considered standardproducts with their specifications well knownthroughout the trade, and for which there is a steadydemand.The EU Strategic Marketing Guide also includes a“Business Guide”, which enables an exporter to buildhis own market and product strategy through amethodology of analysis and ready-to-fill-inframeworks.

In general the requirements in the professional marketrelate to building regulations, (inter)national standardsand to project specific circumstances. Per project therequirements are mostly limited, but as a result of thevariety of requirements and related standards percountry it is necessary to perform a wide range of teststo get the necessary approvals. Apart from this barrier,it is the case that regulations, testing methods,standards, etc change frequently. For this reason, andsince EU architects/constructors in the professionalmarket prefer to use well known brands (including theexpected service), the professional market is difficultto penetrate.

Due to the increasing importance of the DIY marketand a modest expected growth in the EU buildingindustry (especially the residential new and residentialrepair and maintenance market) the demand for sanitaryware & ceramic tiles from outside the EU is expectedto exhibit modest growth. Nonetheless, there areopportunities for these goods, since it is too costly forthe EU producers to produce the low cost bulk goodswithin the EU. The trade channel offering the bestchances for sanitary ware & ceramic tiles fromdeveloping countries is the DIY channel, followed bythe traditional wholesale channel. Moreover there ispotential interest from EU manufacturers that wantto offer a complete product range but cannot afford toproduce the low cost bulk goods themselves.Overall, the private market offers the best chances forexporters in developing countries since individualconsumers seldom demand national or internationalquality standards.

Ceramic tilesIn the market for ceramic tiles chances for exportersin developing countries lie in the field of the tiles used

in the private market. Sizes that are common in thismarket are 300 x 300 mm, 350 x 350 mm and 400 x 400 for floor tiles and 150 x 150, 200 x 200 and100 x 200 for wall tiles all with various colours.The lion share of the ceramic tiles are fired once. At the moment natural and light colours are popular inGermany, the Netherlands and the Dutch speaking partof Belgium. Pastel colours are more popular in the UK,France and the French speaking part Belgium.

Please refer to the EU Market Survey of Sanitary Ware& Ceramic Tiles for a more detailed description ofstandard sizes of ceramic tiles.

Sanitary WareThe majority of the type of sanitary ware fromdeveloping countries that are successful in the EUmarket can best be characterised as low or mid profilebulk products.

Concerning sanitary ware made of plastics it has to benoted that in the European market – including DIY-thermoplastic (e.g. acrylic) bath tubs and shower traysare more popular than their ceramic, steel / cast ironequivalents. Acrylic plastic sanitary can be consideredsustainable in the sense that they have a long lifetimeand can be recycled. Due to its durability, ease ofinstallation and warm touch plastic sanitary is gainingmarket share at the expense of their steel equivalents.EU interest in plastic sanitary products covers: baths,shower basins and washbasins (sinks), lavatory seatsand covers, lavatory pans and flushing cisterns.

EU interest in ceramic sanitary ware is for baths,ceramic sinks, washbasins (sink), water closet pans,flushing cisterns and urinals. Opportunities exist forproducts that have a solid durable image and areresistant to heat.

For iron / steel sanitary ware the recommendedproducts are: baths, shower basins and washbasins(sinks). Steel baths are popular since they are cheap anddurable. However, since they feel cold and tooling costscan be expensive, steel baths are being replaced byacrylic products.

EU countries that are particularly interesting forproducers from developing countries are theNetherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg, the UnitedKingdom, Germany and France. As shown in chapterfive these countries are the top five importers ofsanitary ware and ceramic tiles. Moreover, the DIYsegment has become particularly popular in thesecountries of western Europe.

43

APPENDIX 1 DETAILED IMPORT/EXPORT STATISTICSEUROPEAN UNION – TOTAL IMPORTS

EU Imports of sanitary ware & ceramic tiles by product group detailed, 1998 – 2000, US$ 1,000/EUR 1,000/Tonnes

1998 1999 2000Value US$ Volume Value US$ Value EUR Volume Value US$ Value EUR Volume

Total 5,241,277 6,466,462 5,183,568 4,890,159 6,586,014 4,460,196 4,848,039 6,493,992Extra-EU 726,729 837,440 811,559 765,622 1,000,606 813,706 884,463 1,086,566Developing countries 352,881 543,847 410,682 387,436 666,458 412,116 447,952 701,242

Detailed product groups:SanitaryLarge plastic sanitary 886,543 126,785 941,981 888,661 134,994 753,399 818,912 135,978Bathes, showers and washbasins 396,924 60,348 441,429 416,442 62,494 323,464 351,592 65,203Lavatory seats and covers 101,881 18,267 104,487 98,573 18,569 94,769 103,009 21,010flushig cisterns and others 387,738 48,170 396,065 373,646 53,931 335,166 364,310 49,765

Large ceramic sanitary 726,472 339,865 773,947 730,139 386,578 740,680 805,086 430,806Large sanitary of porcelain or china 543,661 245,467 548,774 517,712 260,891 504,317 548,171 277,281Other large ceramic sanitary 182,811 94,398 225,173 212,427 125,687 236,363 256,916 153,525Large iron/steel sanitary

components 380,806 88,940 393,771 371,482 87,132 396,962 431,481 100,900Sinks and washbasins 133,980 15,370 142,807 134,724 17,047 162,367 176,486 35,362Baths of cast iron 21,905 12,414 13,981 13,190 7,081 12,307 13,377 6,127Baths of steel sheet 66,638 34,479 68,601 64,718 36,314 56,969 61,923 33,193Other large sanitary 158,283 26,677 168,382 158,850 26,690 165,319 179,695 26,218

TilesUnglazed ceramic flags and paving, hearth of wall tiles 531,905 969,592 531,743 501,645 1,022,508 423,673 460,515 1,035,642For mosaics (<7cm.) 16,508 29,037 14,521 13,699 23,805 15,469 16,814 29,068Flags and paving, hearth or wall tiles (>7 cm.) 515,396 940,555 517,222 487,945 998,703 408,204 443,700 1,006,574

Glazed ceramic flags and paving, hearth of wall tiles 2,715,551 4,941,280 2,542,126 2,398,232 4,954,802 2,145,482 2,332,046 4,790,666For mosaics (<7cm.) 103,730 166,789 103,235 97,391 175,073 83,350 90,597 138,445Flags and paving, hearth or wall tiles (>7 cm.) 2,611,821 4,774,491 2,438,892 2,300,841 4,779,729 2,062,132 2,241,448 4,652,221

44

EU Imports of sanitary ware & ceramic tiles by major source, 1998 - 2000, US$ 1,000/EUR 1,000/Tonnes


Total 5,241,277 6,466,462 5,183,568 4,890,159 6,586,014 4,460,196 4,848,039 6,493,992Extra EU 726,729 837,440 811,559 765,622 1,000,606 813,706 884,463 1,086,566Developing Countries 352,881 543,847 410,682 387,436 666,458 412,116 447,952 701,242

Major Sources:Italy 2,062,239 3,168,554 1,922,407 1,813,592 3,072,622 1,531,894 1,665,102 2,925,070Spain 809,003 1,378,613 766,408 723,026 1,398,109 713,169 775,184 1,335,770Germany 456,939 236,996 534,920 504,642 298,905 503,402 547,176 307,708France 311,348 284,249 263,785 248,854 243,232 217,612 236,535 226,558Turkey 175,532 353,896 189,835 179,089 398,277 175,662 190,937 418,363Portugal 177,999 231,047 167,082 157,625 228,991 146,764 159,526 223,154Netherlands 151,740 136,270 149,266 140,817 136,831 132,088 143,574 207,161Utd. Kingdom 138,843 43,051 132,609 125,102 36,214 121,249 131,792 50,836Switzerland 127,671 17,355 117,686 111,024 12,690 95,605 103,918 10,109Sweden 89,793 28,382 84,196 79,430 29,260 73,808 80,227 17,317Czech Rep 56,340 105,675 67,261 63,454 129,171 68,340 74,282 147,393Belgium 163,475 64,574 108,622 102,474 65,920 64,959 70,607 62,805Egypt 31,341 16,749 38,152 35,992 25,649 46,557 50,605 34,036Denmark 48,913 11,389 52,813 49,823 13,648 44,321 48,175 16,010Bulgaria 25,976 54,047 31,890 30,085 51,660 38,006 41,311 53,971China 14,995 7,144 20,875 19,694 11,232 37,517 40,780 18,439Poland 21,487 10,869 30,133 28,427 14,764 33,369 36,270 21,215Hungary 41,727 55,336 37,931 35,784 45,770 33,273 36,166 42,022USA 28,028 4,318 29,329 27,669 4,619 29,493 32,057 4,249Taiwan 21,729 6,257 24,957 23,545 7,401 29,202 31,742 6,940Austria 48,144 25,221 52,057 49,110 30,517 26,744 29,069 8,094Luxembourg n.a. n.a. 88,325 83,326 3,536 21,792 23,687 3,462Greece 18,917 8,457 18,214 17,183 9,709 19,835 21,560 9,980Morocco 16,763 14,158 21,361 20,152 18,980 19,446 21,137 20,125

45

EU IMPORTS OF SELECTED PRODUCT GROUPS BY SOURCE

EU Imports of plastic baths, showers and washbasins by source, 1998 - 2000, US$, 1,000/EUR 1,000/Tonnes


Total 396,924 60,348 441,429 467,915 62,494 323,464 297,587 65,203Extra EU 79,251 18,466 86,870 92,082 20,545 93,251 85,791 24,295Developing Countries 49,105 11,272 51,880 54,993 12,266 55,780 51,318 14,747

Top 3 suppliers:Italy 68,679 13,284 66,353 70,335 11,679 52,160 47,988 9,439Utd. Kingdom 40,192 6,226 40,566 43,000 6,682 32,377 29,786 6,167Germany 32,305 4,118 32,266 34,202 4,051 27,460 25,263 6,286

Top 10 developing countries:Egypt 13,700 2,080 16,607 17,603 2,783 22,923 21,089 4,742South Africa 14,660 4,323 14,827 15,717 4,493 13,154 12,102 4,672Turkey 8,256 1,759 9,157 9,707 2,093 5,583 5,137 1,672Slovenia 6,314 1,508 5,573 5,907 1,357 5,363 4,934 1,484Namibia 1,369 553 1,348 1,429 546 2,694 2,478 649Croatia 2,161 558 2,087 2,212 509 2,514 2,313 708Tunisia 62 16 1,233 1,307 303 2,102 1,934 577China 1,772 282 459 487 69 670 617 117Bahrain 0 0 0 0 0 312 287 17Thailand 183 41 169 180 45 146 134 39

EU Imports of plastic lavatory seats and covers by source, 1998 - 2000, US$, 1,000/EUR 1,000/Tonnes



Top 3 suppliers:Denmark 24,918 2,523 29,013 30,753 2,676 25,848 23,780 3,495Italy 38,413 8,794 32,925 34,901 7,778 23,210 21,353 6,061Germany 10,101 1,059 10,939 11,596 1,482 11,190 10,295 3,009

Top 10 developing countries:Croatia 1,410 613 1,228 1,301 571 1,460 1,344 845China 1,076 313 927 983 247 1,160 1,067 340Turkey 713 180 417 442 99 558 513 174South Africa 13 3 145 154 35 319 293 70Indonesia 0 0 86 92 6 285 262 23Thailand 33 15 191 202 81 236 217 119Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0 126 116 53Egypt 85 19 29 31 10 34 31 16Chile 24 4 76 80 16 20 19 6India 22 5 20 21 4 15 14 3

46

EU Imports of plastic bidets, lavatory pans, flushing cisterns and others by source, 1998 - 2000,US$, 1,000/EUR 1,000/Tonnes



Top 3 suppliers:Germany 118,620 13,640 137,963 146,241 19,259 125,426 115,392 18,275Switzerland 81,946 7,396 71,479 75,767 6,358 51,486 47,367 4,346Italy 40,290 5,888 39,615 41,992 5,822 31,127 28,637 5,170

Top 10 developing countries:China 2,908 512 3,430 3,635 579 4,666 4,293 843Slovenia 6,740 1,484 7,460 7,908 1,759 4,595 4,227 1,228Turkey 674 126 826 876 202 1,996 1,836 633South Africa 767 139 950 1,007 125 1,168 1,075 313India 600 144 1,585 1,680 363 854 785 212Egypt 34 12 208 220 66 462 425 218Tunisia 76 9 0 0 0 352 324 76Croatia 288 66 202 215 53 239 220 52South Korea 67 15 70 75 11 131 120 28Malaysia 58 6 139 147 15 87 80 7

EU Imports of large sanitary of porcelain or china by source, 1998 - 2000, US$, 1,000/EUR 1,000/Tonnes



Top 3 suppliers:Germany 65,399 16,607 77,054 81,677 17,543 85,816 78,950 21,230Portugal 65,848 46,498 65,369 69,291 43,672 56,565 52,040 44,200France 68,058 21,652 65,445 69,372 22,729 49,039 45,116 23,125

Top 10 developing countries:Morocco 12,375 9,726 18,539 19,652 15,835 16,445 15,129 16,690Turkey 23,704 17,368 23,157 24,547 17,786 15,535 14,292 14,023China 2,210 1,562 2,410 2,554 2,148 8,490 7,811 6,722Thailand 7,608 6,195 8,266 8,762 6,951 7,694 7,079 6,719Egypt 4,784 3,978 4,050 4,293 3,731 4,376 4,025 4,675Croatia 1,239 841 1,034 1,096 726 860 791 731Malaysia 647 421 505 535 316 756 696 463Mexico 261 63 48 51 34 676 622 438Argentina 182 142 1,090 1,156 826 617 567 543Indonesia 834 769 1,749 1,854 1,630 477 439 441

47

EU Imports of other large ceramic sanitary by source, 1998 - 2000, US$, 1,000/EUR 1,000/Tonnes



Top 3 suppliers:Turkey 26,760 18,755 33,307 35,305 23,717 34,901 32,109 27,364Germany 21,899 7,143 28,215 29,908 9,305 29,038 26,715 12,288France 23,610 9,988 28,414 30,119 9,971 25,243 23,223 11,441

Top 10 developing countries:Turkey 26,760 18,755 33,307 35,305 23,717 34,901 32,109 27,364Egypt 11,379 8,223 13,162 13,952 10,274 15,174 13,960 15,267Indonesia 3,348 2,391 4,738 5,023 3,360 6,336 5,830 4,432China 1,578 1,952 3,188 3,379 3,870 3,537 3,254 4,168Thailand 1,469 1,080 2,675 2,836 2,304 3,159 2,906 2,601Morocco 2,763 2,654 1,552 1,645 1,428 1,619 1,489 1,642India 81 60 230 244 122 1,046 963 836Slovenia 1,682 1,053 2,041 2,163 1,395 761 700 542Tunisia 85 48 106 112 58 536 493 660Mexico 62 32 175 185 98 528 486 343

EU Imports of sinks and washbasins of iron or steel by source, 1998 - 2000, US$, 1,000/EUR 1,000/Tonnes



Top 3 suppliers:Italy 19,344 2,185 21,297 22,575 2,393 39,421 36,267 19,536Germany 26,674 2,820 25,233 26,747 2,761 26,297 24,194 3,240Switzerland 20,698 1,174 22,171 23,502 1,346 24,443 22,488 1,614

Top 10 developing countries:Malta 5,011 705 5,247 5,562 809 5,331 4,904 833Slovenia 2,399 373 2,740 2,905 523 3,150 2,898 582Turkey 1,214 219 1,782 1,889 344 2,073 1,907 454Egypt 513 178 1,171 1,242 729 1,452 1,336 911China 145 38 164 174 62 307 282 83Bosnia-Herz 187 59 390 413 129 235 216 94South Korea 33 2 1 1 0 126 116 10Iran 0 0 2 2 0 112 103 26India 46 3 15 16 1 21 20 3Brazil 0 0 58 61 15 19 18 0

48

EU Imports of baths of cast iron by source, 1998 - 2000, US$, 1,000/EUR 1,000/Tonnes


Total 88,543 46,893 82,582 87,537 43,395 69,276 63,734 39,320Extra EU 1,549 751 1,436 1,522 631 1,391 1,280 415Developing Countries 572 538 414 438 390 301 277 197

Top 3 suppliers:Germany 27,077 9,846 35,245 37,360 13,621 28,715 26,417 11,382Italy 20,100 12,650 16,715 17,718 12,212 13,339 12,271 10,440Spain 17,292 12,332 12,391 13,134 9,122 10,975 10,097 9,154

Top 10 developing countries:Turkey 323 295 225 238 230 116 107 104China 27 98 25 26 75 78 72 39Argentina 0 0 0 0 0 35 32 35Egypt 0 0 6 7 5 18 16 5Croatia 29 5 55 59 10 15 14 1India 3 2 0 0 0 11 10 2South Africa 11 1 16 17 4 10 9 0Pakistan 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 1Morocco 8 0 0 0 0 5 4 1Tunisia 170 137 37 40 52 4 3 8

EU Imports of baths of steel sheet by source, 1998 - 2000, US$, 1,000/EUR 1,000/Tonnes


Total 66,638 34,479 68,601 72,717 36,314 56,969 52,412 33,193Extra EU 667 210 871 923 357 1,028 946 238Developing Countries 64 105 177 188 165 190 175 76

Top 3 suppliers:Germany 26,220 9,593 32,624 34,581 12,607 26,221 24,123 10,497Italy 19,417 12,380 16,674 17,675 12,201 13,160 12,107 10,411Spain 10,629 7,038 9,526 10,097 6,681 8,427 7,753 6,843

Top 10 developing countries:China 27 98 22 24 74 77 71 39Turkey 0 0 75 79 73 46 42 26Egypt 0 0 6 7 5 18 16 5Croatia 22 4 55 59 10 15 14 1India 3 2 0 0 0 11 10 2Pakistan 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 1South Africa 11 1 15 16 3 8 8 0Morocco 0 0 0 0 0 5 4 1Ecuador 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0Mexico 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1

49

EU Imports of other large sanitary of iron or steel by source, 1998 - 2000, US$, 1,000/EUR 1,000/Tonnes



Top 3 suppliers:Germany 33,565 4,637 34,730 36,813 4,775 31,933 9,378 4,723Taiwan 18,490 4,640 20,648 21,887 4,503 24,228 22,289 4,431Italy 20,628 3,537 19,478 20,647 2,973 17,949 16,513 2,962

Top 10 developing countries:China 4,586 1,052 9,196 9,747 2,301 17,391 16,000 3,985India 2,011 2,643 1,988 2,107 1,131 1,905 1,752 274Turkey 826 68 999 1,059 99 1,528 1,405 227Malta 7 0 764 810 89 552 508 78Thailand 31 2 56 60 4 463 426 43Slovenia 314 69 335 355 75 430 395 87Albania 1 0 0 0 0 198 182 19Pakistan 150 12 108 114 12 171 158 20South Korea 52 6 33 35 8 70 64 9South Africa 30 2 13 14 3 64 59 9

50

EU Imports of unglazed ceramic flags and pavin, hearth or wall tiles for mosaic (<7cm.) by source,1998 - 2000, US$, 1,000/EUR 1,000/Tonnes


Total 16,508 29,037 14,521 15,393 23,805 15,469 14,232 29,068Extra EU 1,747 2,345 995 1,055 1,190 1,820 1,674 1,625Developing Countries 956 1,969 576 610 1,005 979 901 1,231

Top 3 suppliers:Italy 4,591 7,087 3,380 3,582 5,491 3,430 3,155 5,948Germany 2,772 5,798 2,587 2,742 6,542 2,989 2,750 7,809France 3,112 2,543 3,697 3,919 3,171 2,717 2,500 2,690

Top 10 developing countries:Malaysia 40 40 216 229 258 319 293 412Tunisia 6 2 13 14 26 313 288 379Turkey 880 1,874 282 299 682 256 236 349China 4 16 28 29 21 57 53 55Morocco 10 12 6 7 9 16 14 13Mexico 11 25 1 1 0 11 10 20Indonesia 0 0 0 0 0 6 5 1South Africa 4 0 0 0 0 1 1 2Bangladesh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Benin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

EU Imports of unglazed ceramic flags and paving, hearth or wall tiles (>7cm.) by source,1998 - 2000, US$, 1,000/EUR 1,000/Tonnes


Total 515,396 940,555 517,222 548,255 998,703 408,204 375,548 1,006,574Extra EU 18,006 46,836 22,652 24,011 64,948 22,019 20,257 70,012Developing Countries 8,560 22,758 12,865 13,637 36,427 11,551 10,627 34,145

Top 3 suppliers:Italy 323,419 576,237 329,090 348,836 613,288 261,023 240,142 596,570Netherlands 36,293 60,420 34,215 36,268 60,358 33,147 30,496 125,635Germany 32,488 61,637 32,775 34,741 62,403 28,558 26,273 63,178

Top 10 developing countries:Turkey 3,887 10,163 7,830 8,300 23,419 8,497 7,817 27,549Mexico 609 1,469 620 658 1,790 472 434 1,295Malaysia 101 101 245 260 303 406 373 533Indonesia 299 446 917 972 1,991 363 334 843Thailand 1,478 4,340 1,718 1,821 5,458 313 288 526India 612 2,718 334 354 807 261 240 602Tunisia 180 92 49 52 109 221 204 382China 147 307 137 146 246 171 157 370Argentina 3 1 125 132 93 161 148 143Morocco 353 443 192 203 440 136 126 258

51

EU Imports of glazed ceramic flags and pavin, hearth or wall tiles for mosaic (<7cm.) by source, 1998 - 2000, US$,1,000/EUR 1,000/Tonnes



Top 3 suppliers:Italy 43,977 79,978 47,702 50,564 90,303 34,491 31,731 60,883Spain 28,127 46,669 28,247 29,942 53,571 25,991 23,912 49,319Germany 3,003 4,400 4,980 5,279 4,684 8,050 7,406 7,836

Top 10 developing countries:Turkey 3,218 6,149 3,933 4,169 6,148 2,595 2,388 3,918Thailand 1,823 2,045 1,910 2,024 2,146 2,310 2,126 2,952Malaysia 461 563 351 372 527 244 225 455Brazil 150 122 158 167 257 230 212 210Indonesia 140 198 202 215 236 163 150 280Slovenia 25 92 0 0 0 105 97 744China 46 44 2 34 44 72 66 95Mexico 59 78 33 35 19 63 58 20Morocco 74 93 28 29 40 61 56 84Egypt 0 0 5 6 3 24 22 70

EU Imports of glazed ceramic flags and paving, hearth or wall tiles (>7cm.) by source, 1998 - 2000, US$, 1,000/EUR1,000/Tonnes


Total 2,611,821 4,774,491 2,438,892 2,585,225 4,779,729 2,062,132 1,897,162 4,652,221Extra EU 225,771 591,899 251,804 266,913 695,498 232,926 214,291 735,910Developing Countries 147,025 408,336 168,887 179,020 497,213 157,038 144,475 517,775

Top 3 suppliers:Italy 1,403,096 2,430,411 1,273,751 1,350,176 2,292,373 992,520 913,119 2,179,459Spain 639,879 1,219,452 590,226 625,639 1,226,141 552,537 508,334 1,160,255Turkey 105,078 296,940 107,920 114,395 323,458 102,025 93,863 341,896Germany 83,035 105,291 112,932 119,708 152,479 97,929 90,095 148,452

Top 10 developing countries:Turkey 105,078 296,940 107,920 114,395 323,458 102,025 93,863 341,896Brazil 11,862 21,263 16,851 17,862 37,939 14,703 13,527 37,541Indonesia 6,936 27,625 13,163 13,953 49,286 9,221 8,484 32,625Tunisia 2,163 5,964 2,969 3,147 7,898 6,181 5,686 22,015Malaysia 1,420 3,847 2,370 2,513 6,284 3,749 3,449 12,984Slovenia 3,961 15,637 4,444 4,711 18,551 3,537 3,254 20,161Thailand 1,592 2,354 4,554 4,827 8,968 3,400 3,128 5,956Croatia 3,646 11,216 3,494 3,703 11,328 3,122 2,872 12,345Iran 1,706 5,783 3,096 3,282 11,242 2,498 2,299 10,631Egypt 668 2,053 2,755 2,920 7,832 2,051 1,887 8,043

52

EU Imports of sanitary ware & ceramic tiles from developing countries, 1998 - 2000, US$ 1,000/EUR 1,000/Tonnes


Total 5,241,277 6,466,462 5,183,568 4,890,159 6,586,014 4,460,196 4,848,039 6,493,992Extra EU 726,729 837,440 811,559 765,622 1,000,606 813,706 884,463 1,086,566Developing Countries 352,881 543,847 410,682 387,436 666,458 412,116 447,952 701,242

Turkey 175,532 353,896 189,835 179,089 398,277 175,662 190,937 418,363Egypt 31,341 16,749 38,152 35,992 25,649 46,557 50,605 34,036China 14,995 7,144 20,875 19,694 11,232 37,517 40,780 18,439Morocco 16,763 14,158 21,361 20,152 18,980 19,446 21,137 20,125Slovenia 21,691 21,390 22,799 21,509 24,357 18,095 19,668 25,444Thailand 14,266 16,089 19,574 18,466 25,988 17,780 19,326 18,986Indonesia 11,635 31,446 20,933 19,748 56,525 16,929 18,401 38,667Brazil 13,018 21,957 18,313 17,277 38,751 15,444 16,787 38,096South Africa 15,652 4,579 16,232 15,313 4,855 14,981 16,284 5,311Tunisia 2,858 6,332 4,612 4,351 8,573 9,969 10,836 24,332Croatia 9,384 14,062 8,374 7,900 13,448 8,403 9,134 14,957Malta 5,349 1,161 6,183 5,833 1,011 5,993 6,514 987Malaysia 2,778 4,992 4,129 3,895 7,796 5,713 6,210 14,927India 3,540 5,859 4,765 4,495 3,821 4,594 4,993 3,126Iran 1,757 5,887 3,263 3,079 11,531 2,715 2,951 10,781Namibia 1,372 567 1,348 1,272 546 2,694 2,928 649Mexico 2,219 2,802 2,018 1,903 2,876 2,473 2,688 2,897Argentina 2,511 5,430 2,556 2,411 3,896 1,753 1,905 3,313Sri Lanka 454 772 761 718 1,335 626 680 1,331Uruguay 1,297 2,442 968 913 2,418 620 673 1,737Vietnam 186 360 171 161 215 534 580 490South Korea 543 909 676 637 602 516 561 296For.JRep.Mac 1,158 1,019 585 552 483 352 383 338Bahrain 0 0 18 17 43 330 359 19Bosnia-Herz 327 103 424 400 141 291 317 117

53

EUROPEAN UNION - TOTAL EXPORTS

EU exports of sanitary ware & ceramic tiles by product group detailed, 1998 - 2000, US$ 1,000/EUR 1,000/Tonnes


Total 8,260,544 12,486,756 8,022,456 7,568,355 12,489,264 7,691,759 8,360,608 13,663,255Extra-EU 3,608,193 6,299,465 3,479,326 3,282,383 6,308,412 3,613,540 3,927,761 7,305,944Developing countries 987,348 2,041,290 913,122 861,436 1,996,722 968,934 1,053,189 2,472,588

Detailed product groups:SanitaryLarge plastic sanitary 937,507 139,083 950,430 896,632 136,891 904,590 983,250 143,499Bathes, showers and washbasins 388,804 60,232 409,189 386,028 52,584 385,785 419,331 55,041Lavatory seats and covers 106,492 21,824 98,607 93,026 21,043 89,952 97,774 21,715flushig cisterns and others 442,211 57,027 442,633 417,579 63,264 428,853 466,144 66,743

Large ceramic sanitary 916,116 378,821 888,206 837,930 335,130 818,536 889,713 339,533Large sanitary of porcelain or china 638,775 287,649 618,044 583,060 240,981 553,178 601,280 241,328Other large ceramic sanitary 277,341 91,172 270,162 254,870 94,149 265,358 288,433 98,205

components 589,745 164,102 538,917 508,412 146,479 531,076 577,257 151,949Sinks and washbasins 198,384 22,954 188,962 178,266 22,842 189,313 205,775 24,795Baths of cast iron 71,223 44,838 52,392 49,426 33,119 48,917 53,171 32,487Baths of steel sheet 131,859 69,294 119,265 112,514 64,976 112,919 122,738 67,653Other large sanitary 188,279 27,016 178,299 168,206 25,542 179,927 195,573 27,014

TilesUnglazed ceramic flags and paving hearth of wall tiles 945,087 1,793,191 1,030,782 972,436 2,039,362 1,065,494 1,158,145 2,335,322For mosaics (<7cm ) 14,315 18,571 11,833 11,164 14,642 13,205 14,353 24,720Flags and paving, hearth or wall tiles (>7 cm.) 930,772 1,774,620 1,018,949 961,272 2,024,720 1,052,289 1,143,792 2,310,602

Glazed ceramic flags and paving hearth of wall tiles 4,872,090 10,011,559 4,614,122 4,352,945 9,831,402 4,372,063 4,752,243 10,692,952For mosaics (<7cm ) 120,129 195,252 119,257 112,506 201,760 131,886 143,354 246,001Flags and paving, hearth or wall tiles (>7 cm.) 4,751,961 9,816,307 4,494,865 4,240,439 9,629,642 4,240,177 4,608,888 10,446,951

54

APPENDIX 2 STANDARDS ORGANISATIONS

INTERNATIONALInternational Standardisation Institute (ISO)Address: P.O. Box 56, CH-1211 Geneva, SwitzerlandTelephone: +41 (0)22 7490111Fax: +41 (0)22 7333430E-mail: [email protected]: www.iso.ch

EUROPEAN UNIONComité Européen de Normalisation (CEN)European Normalisation CommitteeAddress: Third countries Unit,

Rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels, BelgiumTelephone: +32 (0)2 5500811Fax: +32 (0)2 5500819E-mail: [email protected]: www.cenorm.be

BelgiumInstitut Belge de Normalisation (IBN)Address: Avenue de la Brabançonne 29, 1000 Brussels,

BelgiumTelephone: +32 (0)2 7380105Fax: +32 (0)2 7334264E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.ibn.be

FRANCEAssociation Française de NormalisationAddress: Tour Europe. 92049 Paris la Défense Cedex,

FranceTelephone: +33 (0)1 42915555Fax: +33 (0)1 42915656Internet: www.afnor.fr

GERMANYDeutsches Institut für Normung eV (DIN)Address: Burggrafenstrasse 6, D-10787 Berlin, GermanyTelephone: +49 (0)30 26010Fax: +49 (0)30 26011231E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.din.de

LUXEMBOURGService de l’Energie de l’Etat (SEE)Address: Département Normalisation, P.O. Box 10,

L-2010 LuxembourgTelephone: +352 (0)46 97461Fax: +352 (0)22 2524E-mail: [email protected]: www.etat.lu

THE NETHERLANDSNederlands Normalisatie-instituut (NEN)Netherlands Standardisation InstituteAddress: P.O. Box 5059, 2600 GB Delft, the NetherlandsTelephone: +31 (0)15 2690390Fax: +31 (0)15 2690190E-mail: [email protected]: www.nni.nl

RIVM - Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (National Institute for Public Health and Environment)Address: A. van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9,

3721 MA Bilthoven, the NetherlandsTelephone: +31 (0)30 2749111Fax: +31 (0)30 2742971

UNITED KINGDOMBritish Standards Institution (BSI)Address: 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL,

United KingdomTelephone: +44 (0)20 89969000 Fax: +44 (0)20 89967400 E-mail: [email protected]: www.bsi-global.com

55

APPENDIX 3 SOURCES OF PRICE INFORMATION

Price information concerning sanitary ware & ceramicfloor/wall tiles can best be obtained from the trade itself.Information can best be obtained via the importers /wholesalers mentioned in appendix 10.

Internet sites (in Dutch) advising on consumers prices are:

• www.mosa.nl (Dutch manufacturer providing retail adviceprices for ceramic tiles)

• www.sphinx.nl (Dutch manufacturer providing retailadvice prices for sanitary ware)

56

APPENDIX 4 TRADE ASSOCIATIONS

EUROPEAN ORGANISATIONS- Cérame Unie, Bureau des Liasions des Industries

Céramiques Européennes- Fédération Européenne des Industries de Porcelaine et

de Faience de Table et d’Ornamentations (FEPF)- European Ceramic Tile Producers (CET)- Fédération Européenne des Fabricants de Produits

Réfractaires (PRE)- Groupement des Producteurs de la C.E.E. de Céramique

Techniques pour applications électroniques.mechaniques et autres (GROUPISOL)

Address: 18-24, Rue des Colonies, Bte 17 1000Brussels, Belgium

Telephone: +32 (0)2 5113012 /5117025Fax: +32 (0)2 5115174E-mail: [email protected]: www.cerameunie.org

AUSTRIAVerband Österreichischer ZiegelwerkeAddress: Fleischmanngasse 4/1A, A-1040 Vienna,

AustriaTelephone: +43 (0)1 5873346Fax: +43 (0)1 587334611E-mail: [email protected]: www.ziegel.at

BELGIUM Belgische Keramische Vereniging (Belgian CeramicAssociation)Verbond der Keramische Nijverheid van België en vanLuxemburg (Union of the Ceramic Industries of Belgium andLuxembourg)Address: Av. Gouverneur Cornez 4, 7000 Mons,

BelgiumTelephone: +32 (0)65 403434Fax: +32 (0)65 348005Email [email protected]: Not available

Nationale Groepering der Klein-Nijverheid (NationalGrouping of the Clay Industry)Address: Visverkopersstraat 13 Bus 22, 1000 Brussels,

BelgiumTelephone: +32 (0)2 5112581Fax: +32 (0)2 5132640E-mail: [email protected]: www.baksteen.be

DENMARK- Dansk Pottemagermesterforening af 1894- Kalk-og Teglvaerksforeningen af 1893- Sammenslutniningen af Kunstindustriellec/o Dansk Industrie (Confederation of Danish Industries)Address: H.C. Andersens Boulevard 18, DK-1787

Copenhagen, DenmarkTelephone: +45 (0)33 773377Fax: +45 (0)33 773300E-mail: [email protected]: www.di.dk

FRANCEConfédération des Industries Céramiques de FranceAddress: 15, Avenue Victor Hugo, 75116 Paris, FranceTelephone: +33 (0)145 001856Fax: +33 (0)145 004756E-mail: [email protected]: Not available

GERMANYDeutsche Keramische Gesellschaft e.V.Address: Am Grott 7, 51147 Cologne, GermanyTelephone: +49 (0)22 03966480Fax: +49 (0)22 0369301Email: [email protected]: www.dkg.de

GREECECeram HellasAddress: Rue Marni 8, GR-10433 Athens, GreeceTelephone: +30 (0)1 8221465Fax: +30 (0)1 8837016E-mail: Not availableInternet: Not available

ITALYAndil AssolateriziAddress: Via A. Torlonia 15, 00161 Roma, ItalyTelephone: +39 (0)6 44236926Fax: +39 (0)6 44237930E-mail: [email protected]: www.laterizio.it

FederceramicaAddress: Via Giovanni da Procida 11, 20131 Milano,

ItalyTelephone: +39 (0)2 34565399Fax: +39 (0)2 34565317E-mail: [email protected]: Not available

57

THE NETHERLANDSBond van Aannemers van Tegelwerken In Nederland(Bovatin)(Union of Contractors of Tiling works in the Netherlands) Address: P.O. Box 85, 7460 AB, Rijsen, the NetherlandsTelephone: +31 (0)548 538 505Fax: +31 (0)548 538 501E-mail: [email protected]: www.bovatin.nl

HIBIN Vereniging van handelaren in bouwmaterialen inNederland(Association of Traders in Building Materials in theNetherlands)Address: P.O.Box 2161, 6802 CD Arnhem,

the NetherlandsTelephone: +31 (0)26 3633 555Fax: +31 (0)26 3633 559E-mail: [email protected]: www.hibin.nl

PORTUGALAssociaçao Portuguesa da Industria Ceramica (APICER)Address: Coronel Veiga Simão, Edificio C, P-3020-053

Coimbra, PortugalTelephone: +351 (0)2 39497600Fax: +351 (0)2 39497601E-mail: [email protected]: www.apicer.pt

SPAINAsociación Española de Fabricantes de Azulejos yPavimentos Cerámicos (ASCER)Spanish Ceramic Tile Manufacturers’ AssociationAddress: P.O. Box 1020, 12080 Castellon, SpainTelephone: +34 (0)964 727200Fax: +34 (0)964 727212E-mail: [email protected]: Not available

Sociedad Española de Ceramica y VidrioSpanish Glass and Ceramic SocietyAddress: Ctra. Antig. de Valencia, Km. 24, 300, 28500

Madrid, SpainTelephone: +34 (0)91 8711800Fax: +34 (0)91 8700550E-mail: [email protected]: www.secv.es

SWEDENMPI Muroch Puts Information AB Address: P.O. Box 1481, SE-62125 Visby, SwedenTelephone: +46 (0)498 279700Fax: +46 (0)498 279920E-mail: [email protected]: www.mpimuroputs.se

Svenska Keraminstitutet (Swedish Ceramic Institute)Address: P.O. Box 5403, SE-40229, Göteborg, SwedenTelephone: +46 (0)31 7720500Fax: +46 (0)31 185380E-mail: [email protected]: www.keram.se

UNITED KINGDOM- British Ceramic Confederation- Refractories Association of Great BritainAddress: Federation House, Station Road,

Stoke-On-Trent, Staffordshire ST4 2SAUnited Kingdom

Telephone: +44 (0)1782 744631Fax: +44 (0)1782 744102E-mail: [email protected]: www.ceramfed.co.uk

58

APPENDIX 5 TRADE FAIR ORGANISERS

BELGIUMBatibouwOrganiser: Internationale Jaarbeurs van BrusselAddress: Terhulpesteenweg 217, 1170 Brussels,

BelgiumTelephone: +32 (0)2 6631400Fax: +32 (0)2 6601413E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.batibouw.com

FRANCEBatimatOrganisers: Reed Expo Address: 70 Rue Rivay, 92532 Levallois Perret, FranceTelephone: +33 (0)1 47565157Fax: +31 (0)1 47560818E-mail: [email protected]: www.batimat.com

GERMANYBAUOrganiser: Münchener Messe- and

Ausstellungsgesellschaft GmbH.Address: Messegelände, P.O. Box 121009,

8000 München, GermanyTelephone: +49 (0)89 94901Fax: +49 (0)89 5107506E-mail: [email protected]: www.bau-muenchen.de

DEUBAUOrganiser: Messe Essen GmbH.Address: Messehaus Ost Norbertstrasse,

P.O. Box 10 01 65, D-45001EssenTelephone: +49 (0)201 7244-0Fax: +49 (0)201.7244-248E-mail: [email protected]: http://deubau.messe-essen.de

ISH International Trade Fair Sanitary, Heating, ClimaOrganiser: Messe Frankfurt GmbH.Address: Postfach 150210, 6000 Frankfurt am Main,

GermanyTelephone: +49 (0)69 75750Fax: +49 (0)69 75756612E-mail: [email protected]: www.messefrankfurt.com

DlY’TEC International Hardware Fair Organizer: Messe- und Ausstellungsgesellschaft mbH

KölnAddress: P.O. Box 210760, 5000 Köln, GermanyTelephone: +49 (0)221 821 2393Fax: +49 (0)221 821 3006E-mail: [email protected]: www.hardwarefair.de

ITALYCERSAIE Items: International Building Ceramics and Sanitary

FairLocation: BolognaOrganisation: BolognafiereAddress: Vialla della fiere 20, 40128 BolognaTelephone: +39 051 282 111Fax: +39 051 282 332Email: [email protected]: www.cersaie.it

Mostra Convego/ExpocomfortItems: Trade fair for Sanitary, heating,

AirconditioningLocation: MilanOrganisation: Fiera di MilanoAddress: Largo Domodossola 1, 20145 Milano, ItalyTelephone: +39 02 49971Fax: +39 02 48005450Email: [email protected]: mce.fmi.it

SPAINCEVISAMAItems: International exhibition of ceramics, surface

and facings for the building industryLocation: ValenciaOrganisation: Feria Muestrario International de ValenciaAddress: Apartado 476, 46080 Valencia, SpainTelephone: +34 (0)6 3861100Fax: +34 (0)6 3636111E-mail: [email protected]: www.feriavalencia.com/cevisama

THE NETHERLANDSNederlandse BouwvakbeursOrganizers: Prins BernhardhoeveAddress: P.O. Box 100, 9470 AC Zuidlaren,

the NetherlandsTelephone: +31 (0)50 4098888Fax: +31 (0)50 4091224E-mail: [email protected]: www.pbh.nl

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UNITED KINGDOMInterbuild/International Building and ConstructionExhibitionOrganisers: National Exhibition Centre BirminghamAddress: Emap Montgomery Ltd., 151 Rosebery

Avenue, London EC1R 4GB, United KingdomTelephone: +44 (0)20 75056895Fax: +44 (0)20 75056661Email: [email protected]: www.interbuild.co.uk

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APPENDIX 6 TRADE PRESS

BELGIUMBouwkunde / BâtimentAddress: Rue Jorez 21, 1070 Brussels, BelgiumTelephone: +32 (0)2 5230190Fax: +32 (0)2 5230355Email: [email protected]: Not available

FRANCEL’InstallateurAddress: 6, passage Tenaille, 75014 Paris, FranceTelephone: +33 (0)145 403148Fax: +33 (0)140 413149Email: [email protected]: Not available

MarketAddress: 96, Rue de la Victoire, 75009 Paris, FranceTelephone: +33 (0)142 819318Fax: +33 (0)142 803061Email: [email protected]: Not available

GERMANYBoden Wand Decke, HolzmannverlagAddress: Giewerbestrasse 2, 86825, Bad-Wureshofen,

GermanyTelephone: +49 (0)8247 354215Fax: +49 (0)8247 354269Email: [email protected]: www.handwerk-info.de

BW BauwirtschaftAddress: Kurfustenstrasse 29, 10785 Berlin, GermanyTelephone: +49 (0)30 212 98992Fax: +49 (0)30 212 98999Email: [email protected]: Not available

DB - Ddeutsche BauzeitungAddress: P.O. Box 10 60 12, 70049 Stuttgart, GermanyTelephone: +49 (0)71 12631 297Fax: +49 (0)71 12631104Email: [email protected]: db.bauzeitung.de

DIY in EuropeAddress: Am Erlengraben 8, 76275 Ettlingen, GermanyTelephone: +49 (0)72 43575231Fax: +49 (0)72 435752 00Email: [email protected]: www.diyonline.de

Haus & Wohnung Adress: Am Friedrichsheim 22, 10407, Berlin

Telephone: +49 (0) 30 421 51364 Fax: +49 (0) 30 421 51332Email: [email protected],Internet: www.h-u-w.de

THE NETHERLANDSRedaktie COBOUWAddress: P.O. Box 49, 2501 CA Den Haag,

the NetherlandsTelephone: +31 (0)70 3045 869/822Fax: +31 (0)70 3045 804Email: [email protected]: www.cobouw.nl

Vloertechnisch Magazine (VTM) Address: Wilhelminasingel 4, 6524 AK Nijmegen Telephone: +31 (0) 24 3605253 Fax: +31 (0) 24 3605210 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.wijlhuizen.com

UNITED KINGDOMBritish Ceramic Society Publications - British CeramicSocietyAddress: Shelton House, Stoke Road, Shelton,

Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DR, United KingdomTelephone: +44 (0)178 2202116Fax: +44 (0)178 221722Email: [email protected]: www.materials.org.uk

Ceramics International, Journal of the European CeramicSociety - Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Ltd,, TheOxford Fulfillment Centre Address: P.O. Box 800, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1DX,

United KingdomTelephone: +44 (0)18 65843000Fax: +44 (0)18 65843010Email: [email protected]: www.elsevier.nl/locate/ceramint

DIY WeekAddress: Favorshen House, 232, Addington road,

Croydon CR2 8LE, United KingdomTelephone: +44 (0)17 32364422Fax: +44 (0)17 32361534Email: [email protected]: www.diyupdate.com

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Global Ceramic ReviewAddress: 44, Kingsway, Stoke-on-Trent,

Staffordshire ST4 1JH, United KingdomTelephone: +44 (0)17 82411433Fax: +44 (0)17 82747061Email: [email protected]: Not available

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APPENDIX 7 BUSINESS SUPPORT ORGANISATIONS

INTERNATIONALInternational Trade Centre (ITC)Address: Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10,

SwitzerlandTelephone: +41 (0)22 7300111Fax: +41 (0)22 7334439E-mail: [email protected]: www.intracen.org

AUSTRIABundeskammer der gewerblichen WirtschaftAustrian Federal Economic ChamberAddress: Wiedner Hauptstrasse 63, A-1045 Vienna,

AustriaTelephone: +43 (0)1 50105Telefax: +43 (0)1 50105E-mail: [email protected]: www.wk.or.at

DENMARKDanish Import Promotion Office for Products fromDeveloping Countries (DIPO)Danish Import Promotion Office for Products fromDeveloping CountriesAddress: Danish Chamber of Commerce, Børsen,

DK-1217 Copenhagen, DenmarkTelephone: +45 (0)33 950500Telefax: +45 (0)33 120525E-mail: [email protected]: www.dipo.dk

FRANCECOLEACPAddress: 5, rue de la Corderie, Centra 342,

F-94586 Rungis Cedex, FranceTelephone: +33 (0)1 41800210Telefax: +33 (0)1 41800219E-mail: [email protected]: www.coleacp.org

PROMEX-PMA, French Agency for the Promotion of theLeast Developed Countries’ ExportAddress: 10, avenue d’Iéna, 75016 Paris, FranceTelephone: +33 (0)1 40733067Telefax: +33 (0)1 40733969

GERMANYBfAI, Federal Office of Foreign Trade InformationAddress: Agrippastrasse 87-93, D-50676 Köln,

GermanyTelephone: +49 (0)221 20570Fax: +49 (0)221 2057212E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.bfai.com

ITALYInstituto Nazionale per il Commercio Estero (ICE)Italian Institute for Foreign TradeAddress: Via Liszt 21, P.O. Box 10057, I-00144 Rome,

ItalyTelephone: +39 (0)6 59921Telefax: +39 (0)6 59647438E-mail: [email protected]: www.ice.it

SWEDENSIDA, Swedish International Development Agency Swedish International Development AgencyAddress: S-10525 Stockholm, SwedenTelephone: +46 (0)8 6985000Telefax: +46 (0)8 208864E-mail: [email protected]: www.sida.se

SWITZERLANDSIPPO, Swiss Import Promotion ProgrammeSwiss Import Promotion ProgrammeAddress: Stampfenbachstrasse 85, P.O. Box 492,

CH-8035 Zürich, SwitzerlandTelephone: +41 (0)1 3655200Telefax: +41 (0)1 3655202E-mail: [email protected]: www.sippo.ch

THE NETHERLANDSCBI, Centre for the Promotion of Imports fromdeveloping countriesAddress: P. O. Box 30009, 3001 DA Rotterdam,

the NetherlandsTelephone: +31 (0)10 2013434Fax: +31 (0)10 4114081E-mail: [email protected]: www.cbi.nl

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APPENDIX 8 OTHER USEFUL ADDRESSES

CBI’s database on European non-tariff trade barriers

CBI/AccessGuideAddress: P.O.Box 30009, 3001 DA Rotterdam,

the NetherlandsTelephone: +31 (0)10 201 3434Fax: +31 (0)10 411 40 81E-mail: [email protected]: www.cbi.nl/accessguide

AMA Research are specialist market research providers forthe UK Building and Home Improvement products industry.This web site contains details of all AMA Research Reportsand additional Market Research services.

AMA ResearchAddress: 13 Imperial Square, Cheltenham,

Gloucestershire, GL50 1QB, UK,Telephone: +44 (0)1242 235724Fax: +44 (0)1242 262948E-mail: [email protected]: www.amaresearch.co.uk

Euromonitor International is a global provider of marketinformation.

Euromonitor Customer ServiceAddress: 60-61 Britton Street, London EC1M 5UX, UKTelephone: + 44 (020) 7251 8024Fax: + 44 (020) 7608 3149E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.euromonitor.com/default.asp

The “Nationaal Dubo Centrum” aims to contribute to theestablishment of sustainable building in the building industrythrough transfer of knowledge. Information on EnvironmentRelevant Product Information (MRPI) can also be obtained atthe Nationaal Dubo Centrum.

Nationaal Dubo CentrumAddress: Postbus 29046, 3001 GA ROTTERDAMTelephone: + 31 (0) 26 363 35 75Fax: + 31 (0) 26 363 35 79 E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.dubo-centrum.nl

Information about Environment Relevant Product Information(MRPI) regulations can be obtained at this foundation.

Stichting MRPIAddress: Postbus 2149, 6802 CC ARNHEMTelephone: + 31 (0) 10 412 47 66Fax: + 31 (0) 10 214 29 25 E-mail: [email protected]

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APPENDIX 9 LIST OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIESPlease note that the OECD list of developing countries, as applied in this market survey, may include countries that are usually notconsidered as developing countries (e.g. South Korea). Countries marked with ** classify as least developed countries whicheliminates duties and quotas for all exports to the EU under the “Everything But Arms (EBA)” initiative.

Afghanistan ** Guatemala Palau Islands Albania Guinea ** Palestinian Admin. Areas Algeria Guinea-Bissau ** Panama Angola ** Guyana Papua New Guinea Anguilla Haiti ** Paraguay Antigua and Barbuda Honduras Peru Argentina India Philippines Armenia Indonesia Rwanda ** Aruba Iran Samoa (Western) ** Azerbaijan Iraq São Tomé & Principe ** Bahrain Jamaica Saudi Arabia Bangladesh ** Jordan Senegal Barbados Kazakstan Seychelles Belize Kenya Sierra Leone ** Benin ** Kiribati ** Slovenia Bhutan ** Korea, Rep. of Solomon Islands ** Bolivia Korea, South Somalia ** Bosnia & Herzegovina Kyrghyz Rep, South Africa Botswana Laos ** Sri Lanka Brazil Lebanon St. Helena Burkina Faso ** Lesotho ** St. Kitts-Nevis Burundi ** Liberia ** St. Lucia Cambodia ** Libya St. Vincent and Grenadines Cameroon Macao Sudan ** Cape Verde ** Macedonia Surinam Central African rep. ** Madagascar ** Swaziland Chad ** Malawi ** Syria Chile Malaysia Tajikistan China Maldives ** Tanzania ** Colombia Mali ** Thailand Comoros ** Malta Timor Congo, Rep Marshall Islands Togo ** Congo, Dem. Rep. ** Mauritania ** Tokelau Cook Islands Mauritius Tonga Costa Rica Mayotte Trinidad & Tobago Côte d’Ivoire Mexico Tunisia Croatia Micronesia, Fed. States Turkey Cuba Moldova Turkmenistan Djibouti ** Mongolia Turks & Caicos Islands Dominica Montserrat Tuvalu ** Dominican republic Morocco Uganda ** Ecuador Mozambique ** Uruguay Egypt Myanmar ** Uzbekistan El Salvador Namibia Vanuatu ** Equatorial Guinea ** Nauru Venezuela Eritrea ** Nepal ** Vietnam Ethiopia Netherlands Antilles Virgin Islands (UK) Fiji New Caledonia Wallis & Futuna French Polynesia Nicaragua Western Samoa Gabon Niger ** Yemen ** Gambia ** Nigeria Yugoslavia, Fed. Rep. Georgia Niue Zambia ** Ghana Northern Marianas Zimbabwe Gibraltar Oman Grenada Pakistan

Note: Eurostat figures do not include figures for Cook Islands, Niue, St, Kitts-Nevis, Timor and Tokelau

APPENDIX 10 LIST OF NETHERLANDS IMPORTERS AND MOSTIMPORTANT EU IMPORTERS

BELGIUMCastorama SA (DIY chain, ceramic tiles & sanitary ware)Address: Engelse Wandeling 2 ETelephone: + 32 (0) 56 252666Fax: + 32 (0) 56 252567E-mail: [email protected]: www.castorama.fr

GIB Group (DIY chain, ceramic tiles & sanitary ware)Address: Chaussée de Charlerois 239, B-1060 Brussels,

BelgiumTelephone: + 32 (0)2 5361509Fax: + 32 (0)2 5361536E-mail: [email protected]: www.brico.be

Gamma (DIY chain, ceramic tiles & sanitary ware)Address: Amsterdamstraat 18, 2000 Antwerpen,

BelgiumTelephone: + 32 (0)3 2025300Fax: + 32 (0)3 2025301E-mail: [email protected]:

Hubo België (DIY chain, ceramic tiles & sanitary ware)Address: Noorderlaan 117, 2030 Antwerpen, BelgiumTelephone: + 32 (0)3 5417429Fax: + 32 (0)3 5418220E-mail: [email protected] (sanitair)

[email protected] (Ceramic tiles)Internet: www.hubo.be

Orga NV (DIY chain, ceramic tiles & sanitary ware)Address: Leuvense Steenweg 633D, 1930 Zaventem,

BelgiumTelephone: + 32 (0)2 7568050Fax: + 32 (0)2 7568055Email: [email protected]: www.orga.be

FRANCEANPF (DIY chain, ceramic tiles & sanitary ware)Address: 2 et 4 rue Pierre et Marie Curie,

45140 St. Jean de la Ruelle, FranceTelephone: + 33 (0) 2-38435000Fax: + 33 (0) 2-38431158Email: [email protected]: www.mr-bricolage.fr

BHV (DIY chain, ceramic tiles & sanitary ware)Address: 14 Rue du Temple, 75189 Paris, FranceTelephone: + 33 (0)1 42749000Fax: + 33 (0)1 42749679Email: via their internet siteInternet: www.bhv.fr

Bricomarché (Groupe Trois Mousquetaires) (DIY chain,ceramic tiles & sanitary ware)(Department for sanitary ware and plumbing)Address: 23 Allée des Mousquetaires, Parc de Tréville,

91078 Bondoufle, FranceTelephone: + 33 (0)1 69641328Fax: + 33 (0)1 69642516Email: [email protected]: www.bricomarche.com

Castorama SA (DIY chain, ceramic tiles & sanitary ware)Address: Park d’Activitees, BP 101, 59175Templemars, FranceTelephone: + 33 (0)3 20951917Fax: + 33 (0) 3 20167361Email: [email protected]: www.castorama.fr

Catena France(DSA Groupe Tabur) (DIY chain, sanitary ware)Address: Rue pierre piffot, 72000 Lement, FranceTelephone: + 33 (0)2 43143535Fax: + 33 (0)2 43143536Email: via their internet site Internet: www.catena.fr

Leroy Merlin(Groupe Auchan) (DIY chain, ceramic tiles & sanitary ware)Address: Rue Chanvy, 59712 Lezennes, Lilles cedex 9,FranceTelephone: + 33 (0)3 28808080Fax: + 33 (0)3 28808008Email: [email protected]: www.leroymerlin.fr

GERMANYBauhaus Regional GmbH & Co, KG’s (DIY chain, ceramic tiles & sanitary ware)Address: Gutenbergstrasse 21, 68167 Mannheim,

GermanyTelephone: ceramic tiles + 49 (0)621 39050

sanitary + 49 (0)621 39050Email: ceramic tiles friedhelm.karbach@

bauhaus-ag.deSanitary [email protected]

Internet: www.bauhaus-ag.de

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Hagebau Handelsgesellschaft für Baustoffe GmbH & Co. KG (DIY chain, ceramic tiles & sanitary ware)Address: Celler Strasse 47, 29614 Soltau , GermanyTelephone: + 49 (0)5191 8020Fax: + 49 (0)5191 802191Email: [email protected]: www.hagebau.de

Hornbach-Baumarkt AG (DIY chain, ceramic tiles & sanitary ware)Address: Hornbachstrasse, 76878 Bornheim bei

Landau, GermanyTelephone: + 49 (0)6348 6000Fax: + 49 (0)6348 604000Email: [email protected]: www.hornbach.com

Obi Franchise Center (DIY chain, ceramic tiles & sanitary ware)Address: Albert Einstein Strasse 7-9,

42929 Wermelskirchen, GermanyTelephone: + 49 (0)2196 761509Fax: + 49 (0)2196 761019Email: [email protected]: www.obi.de

Praktiker Bau- und Heimwerkermärkte AG (DIY chain, ceramic tiles & sanitary ware)Address: Am Tannenwald 2, 66459 Kirkel, GermanyTelephone: + 49 (0)6849 9500Fax: Not availableEmail: Not availableInternet: Not available

Rodenburg Baubedarf (Wholesale, ceramic tiles & sanitary ware)Address: Neuen Industriestrasse 11, 27472 Cuxhafen,

GermanyTelephone: + 49 (0)4721 71710Fax: + 49 (0)4721 25416Email: [email protected]: Not available

NETHERLANDSBaderie B.V. (DIY chain, ceramic tiles & sanitary ware)Address: P.O. Box 69, 4180 BB, Waardenburg,

the NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 (0)418 655100Fax: + 31 (0)418 655101Email: [email protected]: www.baderie.nl

Bouwcenter B.V. (Wholesale, ceramic tiles & sanitary ware)Address: P.O. Box 296, 3440 AG Woerden,

the NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 (0)34 8486161Fax: + 31 (0)34 8486100Email: [email protected]: www.bouwcenter.nl

De Boo Bouwmaterialen B.V. (DIY, ceramic tiles & sanitary ware)Address: P.O. Box 155, 4940 AD Raamsdonksveer,

the NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 (0)162 574343Fax: + 31 (0)162 574315Email: Not availableInternet: Not available

Formido (DIY chain, ceramic tiles & sanitary ware)Address: Watergoorweg 65, 3861 MA Nijkerk,

the NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 (0)33 2474547Fax: + 31 (0)33 2474500Email: [email protected]: www.formido.nl

HDB-Groep B.V. (DIY chain, ceramic tiles & sanitary ware)Address: P.O. Box 378, 2740 AJ Waddinxveen,

the NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 (0)182 633533Fax: + 31 (0)182 611710Email: [email protected]

Intergamma B.V. (DIY chain, ceramic tiles & sanitary ware)Address: P.O. Box 100, 3830 AC, Leusden,

the NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 (0)33 4348111Fax: + 31 (0)33 4348654Email: [email protected]: www.gamma.com

Plieger B.V. (Wholesale, sanitary ware only)Address: P.O. Box 10, 5300 AA Zaltbommel, theNetherlandsTelephone: + 31 (0)418 682 540Fax: + 31 (0)418 682 580Email: [email protected]: www.plieger.nl

Praxis (DIY chain, ceramic tiles & sanitary ware)Address: P.O. Box 268, 1110 AG Diemen,

the NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 (0)20 3983333Fax: + 31 (0)20 3983447Email: [email protected]: www.praxis.nl

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Raab Karcher Bouwstoffen B.V. (wholesale)Addres: Maurick 1, 5261 NA Vught, the NetherlandsTelephone + 31 (0)73 6848780Fax: + 31 (0)73 6848772Email: [email protected]: www.raabkarcher.nl

Tegelhandel Jan van Erp B.V. (DIY chain, ceramic tiles & sanitary ware)Address: Ambachtstraat 20, 5481 SL Schijndel,

the NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 (0)73 5440000Fax: + 31 (0)73 5474441Email: [email protected]: www.janvanerp.nl

Technische Unie B.V. (DIY chain, sanitary ware only)Address: P.O. Box 900, 1180 AX Amstelveen, theNetherlandsTelephone: + 31 (0)20 5450345Fax: + 31 (0)20 5450250Email: via their internet siteInternet www.technischeunie.nl

Van Neerbos Bouwmaterialen Groep B.V. (DIY chain, ceramic tiles only)Address: P.O. Box 82, 6650 AB Druten, theNetherlandsTelephone: + 31 (0)487 597123Fax: + 31 (0)487 597111Email: [email protected]: www.neerbos.nl

UNITED KINGDOMFocus Do It All (DIY chain, ceramic tiles only)Address: Gawsworth House, Westmere Drive, Crewe,Cheshire CW1 6XB, United KingdomTelephone: + 44 (0)1270 501555Fax: + 44 (0)1270 250501Email: [email protected]: www.focusdoitall.co.uk

Homebase Ltd. (DIY chain, ceramic tiles & sanitary ware)Address: Beddington House, Railway Approach,Wallington, SM6 HB Surrey, United KingdomTelephone: + 44 (0)20 87847200Fax: not availableEmail: [email protected]: www.homebase.co.uk

Marktoo (Wholesaler, ceramic tiles & sanitary ware) Address: Buryroad, Industrial Estate Bury road,

Breightnet, BL2 6AZ, Balton,United Kingdom

Telephone: + 44 (0)1204 360820Fax: + 44 (0)1204 373063Email: [email protected]: Not available

Wickes Building Supplies Ltd. (DIY chain, ceramic tiles & sanitary ware)Address: 120-138 Station Road, Harrow, Middlesex,

HA1 2QB, United KingdomTelephone: + 44 (0)20 89012000Fax: + 44 (0)20 88637194Email: [email protected] (ceramic tiles)

[email protected] (sanitary ware)Internet: www.wickes.co.uk

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APPENDIX 11 USEFUL INTERNET SITES

Standards and regulationshttp://www.ear.nlEuropean authorised representative legal experts for enteringthe EU market.

http://www.wssn.netWorld Standard Service is a network of standardsorganisations.

http://www.cenorm.beInternet site of the European Committee for Standardisation.

European importers / producers / traderswww.europages.comContact details and information on the activities of importers.

http://www.roca.es/ Provides information about this Spanish producer of sanitaryware and ceramic tiles.

http://www.sanitec.com/Provides information about this producer of sanitary ware.

http://catalog.kohler.comProvides an extensive product catalogue for sanitary ware.Including detailed product information for all kinds ofsanitary ware.

Magazineshttp://www.baustoffmarkt-online.de/ General information on the building trade in Germany (inGerman).

http://www.sanipro.nl/ Free trade magazine for sanitary and tiles branch (in Dutch).

Otherhttp://www.europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise/construction/index.htmInternet site of the European Commission focussing onconstruction policy.

http://www.ceramic-tile.comUS web site with international information on tiles.

http://www.bathweb.com/BathWeb is dedicated to bathroom manufacturers, bathroomcabinet dealers, bathroom designers and re-modellers,bathroom design software, bathroom specialists, for thebathroom industry and the consumer in need of information.

http://www.ascer.esA site concerning the whole Spanish ceramic tile industrywith information on manufacturers, trade fairs, products,organisations and statistics.

http://www.italytile.comThe European Construction Industry 2000 http://www.euroconstruct.com/

The site of the ceramic tile department of the Italian tradecommission: news, ceramics manufacturers in Italy andevents/trade shows.

EU – LDC co-operationhttp://www.eu-ldc.orgThis web-site provides information, analysis, and views ontrade, investment and aid between European Union, itsmember states (EU) and developing countries (LDC).

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Mailing address: P.O. Box 30009, 3001 DA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsPhone: +31 10 201 34 34 Fax: +31 10 411 40 81E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.cbi.nl

Office and showroom: WTC-Beursbuilding, 5th floor37 Beursplein, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

CENTRE FOR THE PROMOTION OF IMPORTS FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES


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