EU Legal Landscape & Collective Rights Management, IFRRO
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Transcript of EU Legal Landscape & Collective Rights Management, IFRRO
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EU legal landscape and Collective Rights Management by RROs
Reproduction Rights Organisations
Olav Stokkmo, IFRRO Chief Executive
11 December 2010 IFJ Conference, Thessaloniki (Greece)
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Concerns journalistic works
Collective Rights Management Text & Image based
works
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Reprography What is it?
Copy from published work
on to a graphic surface2 Books
2 incl. e-book; online
2 Newspapers2 Incl. e-formats
2 Magazines2 Journals2 Web pages2 Databases
2 CD, DVD
2 Sheet music/scores2 etc.
PhotocopyFax Print-out etc.
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Reprography and legislationFundamental principles
Berne Convention Exclusive right to
reproduce;make availabledistribute
EC © Directive Reprography (5.2a)
Fair compensation Private copy (5.2b)
Fair compensation
Berne Convention
EC © Directive
Limitations to exclusive rights Special caseNot conflict with
normal useNot prejudice
legitimate interest of author
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LegislationEnabling control – supporting access
• Exclusive rights • Luxembourg, Malta• Ireland, UK (Education: Obligation to take up a licence)
• Exclusive rights and legislative support• Extended Collective Licence - Nordic countries + Voluntary• France (Compulsory collective management) + Voluntary• Latvia (Legal presumption)
• Legal licence • Netherlands, Switzerland (+ Voluntary) • Levies
• Austria, Belgium, Germany, Hungary, Slovenia, etc.• Spain, Greece, (+ Voluntary)
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Reprography and similar reproductionCompensation in 2009
Collection by IFRRO members € 1,03 billion Journalistic material; Examples %
France 26% Norway 13% UK: 28%
Journalist involvement depends onLegislationContractsEmployment status
International Federation of Reproduction Rights Organisations
Creator & Publisherbodies
RROs
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Indispensible to culture, knowledge, education, development, and economy
Copyright based industries
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Value of the creative industries
Cultural valueNational identity Fiction, non fiction (science, technology, education),
poetry, drawings, photographs... And more!
“Cultural industries” work within Culture KnowledgeEntertainment
Economic importanceIncentive to create and publish
Text book publishing = print publishing engine
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Economic contribution of the creative industries – WIPO
• http://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/ip-development/en/creative_industry/pdf/eco_table.pdf
Contribution to GDP %
Contribution to employment %
Contribution to GDP %
Contribution to employment %
Australia 10.30 8.00 Mexico 4.77 11.01Bulgaria 2.81 4.30 Netherlands 5.90 8.80Canada 4.70 5.40 Philippines 4.82 11.10Colombia 3.30 5.80 Romania 5.55 4.19Croatia 4.27 4.64 Russia 6.06 7.30Hungary 6.66 7.10 Singapore 5.67 5.80Jamaica 4.81 3.03 Ukraine 2.85 1.90Latvia 5.05 5.59 USA 11.09 8.53Lebanon 4.75 4.49
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10
44%
10%12%
9%
6%
3%6%
1%9%
press and literature
software
radio and tv
Music, theatrical productions and opera
motion pidcture and video
visual and graphic arts
Photography
cr collecting societies
advertising
Copyright based sectorContribution to GDP by industry – WIPO
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Creators and publishers providing access through collective management and RROs
Collective Rights Management
in text and image based works
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Why are photocopies made?
Need chapter article update info flexibility
Material not available not on sale
Billions of copies made annually
Most copies not possible to stop
Legitimate copies Small parts Internal use Non commercial
Education heavy user Main users of
journalistic material Corporations Public admin.
Student needs a chapter/article Admin needs article for information
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RRO Collective Management Complements individual rights administration
• Individual admin when creator/publisher wants it
• Collective management when individual admin is
• Impossible• Typically Orphan works
• Impracticable or Insufficient• Typically Multiple copying; Out-of-Commerce works
RRO complements individual management
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• Operate on the basis of mandates from; governed by
• Creators and Publishers Writers including journalists; Visual artists; Composers
Publishers (Book, journal, newspaper, magazine, music)
• Legislation
• Key facets of RRO activities• Awareness raising; Copyright enforcement• Licence, collect and distribute revenues;
• Reprography; certain digital uses• Distribution rules decided by creator and publisher members
RROs -Reproduction Rights OrganisationsSet up/Governed jointly by Authors and Publishers
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Digital sources and applications
• Sources
• Applications and uses
o Scan o PPTo Printout o Whiteboardo View o Virtual Learning Environment
o Store o Redirect to contento Email o RRO content database
o Analogue o Onlineo Electronic carrier o Internet download
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Content of RRO licences
• Limited extracts• 5-15%; chapter; article• Personal and Internal use
• Permitted uses• Photocopying and scanning• Download, store, print, internal dissemination, external
dissemination• Newspaper cuttings
• Authorised users• Fees; Terms• Usage reporting requirements• Compliance awareness
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RROs Areas of Licensing
• Education at all levels• Schools; Universities; Further education; Distance Education
• Public Administration• Government; Regional; Local
• Trade and Industry
• Public and Research libraries
• Religious bodies
• Cultural institutions
• Copy shops
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IFRROInternational Federation of Reproduction Rights Organisations
It takes 20 years to arrive spontaneously at an immediate successEd Cantor
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RROs (73)• Mandate to licence reprography
• 59 RRO Members• Represent publishers and creators
• 14 Associate Members• Represent publishers or creators
Creators and Publishers associations• International
• IFJ, EWC; ENPA, FAEP, FEP; EVA
• National• NUJ, ALCS; PA, PLS; DACS
IFRRO – 128 Members in 65 CountriesThe International Link and Global network
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Annual General Meetings
• Board of Directors• 8 RRO Directors and Substitute Directors• 2 Publishers Directors and Substitute Directors
• 2 Authors Directors and Substitute Directors
• Committees/Working Groups and Fora• e.g. Asia Pacific Committee • Newspapers, etc; Visual Material; Musical works• IFRRO Business Models Forum (IBMF); Legal Issues (LIF)
• Cooperation activities• WIPO; UNESCO; EU; ARIPO, OAPI, CERLALC, APEC, ASEAN
• Policy work, Awareness, Training, Anti Piracy work
IFRROGovernance and Work form
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RROs facilitate access New areas of licensing
Every decision is like surgery. It is an intervention into a system and therefore carries with it the risk of shock.
Peter Drucker, The Effective Executive
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RRO activitiesNew Areas for Potential Development
• Digital Libraries•Orphan Works
•Works out of Commerce• Model Licensing Agreements• Rights Clearance Centres• Databases/Registries
• People with reading impairment• Trusted Intermediaries (TI) pilot project
• WIPO VIP Stakeholder Platform
• EC VIP Stakeholder Dialogue - MoU
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ARROWAccessible Rights Registries and Orphan Works
Facilitates EUROPEANA Partnered by
Authors’ associationsPublishers associationsRROs IFRROTELNational LibrariesTechnology developers
Co-funded by EU
Identifies electronically
RightsRight holders Rights status Rights clearance Orphan Works
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In Conclusion
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Licensing by RROsCreating a win-win-win session
• Working within established structures• Developing practical alternatives• National equilibrium maintained• Toolbox of solutions• Flexible interaction between licensing
and exceptions• Benefiting users, creative industries
& society at large