Eu Enlargement Anno 2012

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anno 2012.EU EnlargEmEnt

A Progressive engAgement

Hes Swbd,MEP and Chair, Progressive Alliance o Socialists and Democrats,S&D Group, European Parliament

Es See, Secretary General, Foundation or European Progressive Studies (FEPS)

J mius Wies, Vice President, European Forum or Democracy and Solidarity (EFDS)EDIto

rS


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Dcla

th cbu h publca d p h cal p h PAllac scal ad Dca h eupa Pala.


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ForEWorD 9La Hjl-Wall,President, European Forum or Democracy and Solidarity (EFDS)

The Copenhagen Revisited Project 13

e s,Secretary General, Foundation or European Progressive Studies (FEPS)

Enlargement: A Political Commitment 17

Ha swbda,MEP and Chair, Progressive Alliance o Socialists and Democrats, S&D Group,

European Parliament

StatE oF play anD lESSonS lEarnED 21

Enlargement Anno 2012 21

maja nad,Researcher, University o Amsterdam

Enlargement and Public Opinion 35

Dajl tad,

Programme Ofcer, European Forum or Democracy and Solidarity (EFDS)

Insight to the Romanian Case 49

val Puca,Proessor, Institute or International Studies, Cluj-Napoca

Dala Czbal,Associate Researcher, Institute or International Studies, Cluj-Napoca

Lessons Learned: Bulgaria 59

Ka v,MEP, Progressive Alliance o Socialists and Democrats, S&D Group, European Parliament

A Hungarian Perspective 69

Ad ia,Researcher, Institute or World Economics, Research Center or Economic and Regional

Studies o the Hungarian Academy o Sciences

taBlEoF ContEntS


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tHE polItICS oF EnlargEmEnt 77

The Challenge for Social Democrats 77s sah,President, Party o European Socialists (PES)

The 100% Union: The Rise of Chapters 23 and 24 87

Wla nza,Policy Coordinator in the European Commission

EU in Kosovo - Kosovo in the EU 97

Ba shah,Freelance Policy Analyst

Ka gah,Executive Director, Institute or Development Policy (INDEP)

Bosnia and Herzegovina Left Behind? 107

taja tp,Independent Analyst

From Skopje to Brussels 119

radla kka,MP and Chair, European Integration Council o the Macedonian Parliament

Turkey on its Own? 127D tauha,Assistant Proessor, Department o International Relations, Bilkent University

Enlarging Beyond the Western Balkans 135

Lb ruk,MEP and Vice Chair, Progressive Alliance o Socialists and Democrats, S&D Group,

European Parliament

Respect for Minorities: Beyond the Copenhagen criteria 145

Jud tcz,

Policy Advisor, Foundation or European Progressive Studies (FEPS)


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tHE EConomICS oF EnlargEmEnt 155Economic Convergence of New Member States: Opportunities and Risks 155

J mc,Proessor, University o Ljubljana

The Economies of the Western Balkans in Transition 165

Daa tdk,Assistant Proessor, Faculty o Economics, University o Sts. Cyril and Methodious

Ensuring Decent Work and Quality Jobs in the Balkans 173

Cy ru,Secretary General, Solidar

tHE FUtUrE oF EnlargEmEnt 185

The Next Ten Years 185

a Fl,European Commissioner or Enlargement and European Neighbourhood Policy

The Impact of Enlargement on the EU 195

maa el Kppa,

Progressive Alliance o Socialists and Democrats, S&D Group, European Parliament

Regional Cooperation as a Condition 207

taja Faj,Progressive Alliance o Socialists and Democrats, S&D Group, European Parliament

Looking Ahead: Summary and Conclusions 215

Ja mau Wa,Vice President, European Forum or Democracy and Solidarity (EFDS)


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ForEWorDlEna HJElm-Walln

ForEWorD

nx ya, 2013, h eupa Fu Dcacy ad slday wll

clba wh aay. th ud by h scaliaal ad h Pay eupa scal w h dcaclu Cal, ea ad suh ea eup. th al ak h Fu wa dy ad h upp w pa h caldcac aly ad wk h wh h Pes, h eU pa,h plcal uda ad h h scal gup h eupaPala.

th hc dc h eU, du h a ya, p bd

w a h cu blc, addd a pcal d h wk h Fu. i a lad U w wuld d d h w b a. W wad ba cal dcac pa hlp aa h dcul aa eupa adad a callypbl way. th Fu (c-)ad ad (c-)hd ay ac d ad a ha dal wh pa u lad pay-buldad h acc pc ad by a xp pd uchdd ubac ad a. W al cdad h eU pa, h plcal uda, h Pes, FePs ad u palaay upwh all d h w xp ad pcal upp.

th pc dy h h pa k c w w caul b w h pa xd ly pap ad ch k l ha . W had h ul wk lahp ha w had up. th lahp ad abuld u ad allwd u h dcac aud pal pa. W w cd wh ha ch bw alcal dcac p cuy. sc h pd plcy uplcal aly ha ly b a a, w, ca,

uccdd b pa h ud h a h huh h cl cpa. i cu w w

le Hje-W,President, European Forum or Democracy and Solidarity (EFDS)


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uccul ha h bu h all pcu clud h W Balka

p.W w abl ablh ul a a pa plcal c, h pp. th a u pa h wb a a 2004 ad 2007 w hly ad h cbu h wk h Fu y uch alud.

Bu h y d d h. th eFDs ad pa a ac h cu ha a (pal) cadda bc b h eU.W upp h eupa apa u pa h, apply hl w lad al la. Ccuac ha chadad ha h la pc. th cd acc ha bhd ad a a cquc y h eU ak uch . ih publca h ua xplad xly. Wd h eU a h p h Bul ada ay h u u a akpcdc. th acal ad cc pbl h eU cu aldad u da a, bu w huld h cha w ad h cu suh ea eup ad tuky. th law ca d kp h dba al, ak a huh a hald ccuac ad dca a p way wad. tha h a

h bk.


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ForewordSTeFAN Fle


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th la h eupa U a xc ad cuu qu ad aa dy. th adp eupa U acquis by a l ac a a -dd pc. nhl, cplx dyqu accpay h pc bh d.

th upha h wa a uqu wh h wa acu h dc ad h c h dy aa

all cu, b a ad cadda cu alk. th cy eU la wa qud. th a qu ha dad hpd wa: wh? th ac akd wh pac: wh wllh la ak plac? o d, cz ad plcal pa cadda cu wdd: wh wll w b abl cc h eUha w ha d uh a u dcac aa? F hb a d, h qu wa d a d a: wh wllhy d uh ha w ca b ccd h u chaac hdcac aa? Uy dy bad h ud alu h eU wa a al xpc.th hua dd ak accu ha h la 2004 ad2007 wuld duc a w wa dy qu. A all, h adp h acquis h b a -dd chcal pc, bu h clu wb a a ada qu. Fal add hchall ha cad a hl la. s w a aa ak whh w huld cu wh la a all. th ccad acal c ad a h cucal p h pc ak hpc xcu lw dw.

Aa h backud, al ublabl ha h lacu. Caa wll j h eU 1 July 2013. sba ha b adcadda au. th acc a wh m ha ad.

the Cehe reisied pjecEs See,

Secretary General, Foundation or European Progressive Studies (FEPS)

ForEWorDErnSt StEttEr


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ecua ca dly b ak h dlp.

th Fuda eupa P sud (FePs) ha bc hp plcal uda a eupa ll lad h dba huhh ulacd chall wad a p eupa cy. thd chall la plcy b bh b a ad(pal) cadda cu h c qu: hw d w a hcy whch w wuld lk l?

s up jly wh h eupa Fu Dcacy ad slday, hCpha d ach pa ha addd h cplxqu huh a a h eU la pc. Du ha b ud, a ach, -- w, allac-d a ad al cc. th pawa bad h a c l. Fly, d cay dy ad aaly h a h cha aud wad eUla. th wa h bjc h cu l, Llad, wh h xpc, cquc ad pac h pula ud w dcud. scdly, h cu chall dd b acd a ul-layd cx. th pa A d hudl?

xad h d ac cau cc. i d h pbly udy h a u a eupa ll, clud bh ual adplcal cda. th al, blaal ad al chall h(pal) cadda cu cd qual a. tak accuh pcc ua K ad tuky h ppc, ac-d w cducd h w cu. th ach pa wa up b lu d. th, y uch hpd ha wll aa pa h d akhld. thdly, h al ach lByd p ad a a wd p a

la plcy. th d h w pu l ld k ablh a la plcy bad u palu d, lday ad qualy.

i add abu c bjc, h ach pa p h ub p ad aa ld. Alhaud 500 ppl ha add h ad awkad aud 70 aa w cacd, bh eU b aad h W Balka. th la cludd plcal pa, alaa, aal aa, acadc u, ngo ad

da pa.


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th bk h cclud pa h w ya h Cpha d

ach pa. i ch c ad bad w d huh all ac h p plcal ld wh a ady cbu hhap h qu:

i? Wd cu wh la pu a k h a pc h pc, aly abla ad dcaa. th, had kdly d j h uad chall c hcu h u:

Hw? twad a p eupa cy, hw ca w hCpha ca?

ForEWorDHannES SWoBoDa


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Eee: a piic CieHes Swbd,MEP and Chair, Progressive Alliance o Socialists and Democrats, S&D Group, European Parliament

A h cllap cu Cal ad ea eup h eU adh abu pjc la whch ha y achd al. Ah Cpha su eU lad ulad h ca bhp h w dcac ha had dcad h wh ully a eup.

th w ya p. th al ak had b aly cpldad h maach tay pd h duc a c cucya wll a h ablh h ud plcal u. th cywa upwad. th p d h backud h hc dc la h cly udd eupa U. tha h w plcal p dcacy ad ably buudah h x b l a al bla upp h pplha w w dcahp. Claly, al cc cdaplayd a l: h wh xpad h ak.

th alk wh h applca cu k . thy had huh acplcad ad paul a pc. ou gup dd yhpbl upp h ad wlcd h acc 2004 ad 2007.

i Apl 2003, du a sabu play h eupa Pala,i d h bhp applca cu. i wll haal ad wha a h ppl ccd. s calld a B Ba ad wdd whh all a w ally wll ppad.i had ha. mb h eupa Pala had b abl llw clly ad fuc h a w kw wha w w d.raa ad Bulaa llwd la.


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i h a h plcal cla chad. ela ba bcd. exp clad ha h n h da hCual tay had paly b du ppula ac la.th eU wa accud ha acd haly. i cu plcacplad abu h a pac labu a h wb a.

A a cquc h dba h madd eupa Cucl dcdd 2006 adju ad hap h ca bhp. A l a h wabad l lad, w had ad ll ha pbl wh ha. A ePdaa h p h acc Caa i ha b abl wha h w appach ha adaa. th w b a y wllppad. Wha i d dcul accp h xphbc hdba abu la. Fuh, u a a lcal backlah,ay aal plca ha ppd dd h plcal pac h pjc ad uqu au. thy ha cad a chcac hudaud ll h ha h y xa ha bc uch c; hah pc wll pcd y lwly, a by ba whl uha tuky wll acually j h eU.

thuh h aud h up pa h lca h ld ba, wll cd by h audc h cu ha ll dhl h wa .

th scal ad Dca h eupa Pala accp h ccdaly, bu a h a w ha h eU huld kp c h a (pal) cadda uly. W ha cu hw hplcal wll d wha w pd. th cadda cu h wll ly ha

hl bla hy d ach h h l.th a pa plcal d h acc h WBalka a. Whl w w dp ad abu wd h eU h hy w h pc y dy ach h wh eup h l byad. th pac w bu h pa ll hau h wh uld u lk h au K, h a macda haly Ba ad Hza. W ca walk away h pblad hy ca ly b ld h awk h acc pc. i cc ha c ca bhp a h abp

capacy h eU, bu h ably h a plcalpy a wll. Hw, all ucc wll al dpd up h pblplca h applca cu. thy wll ha udak h cay


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whl adh eupa alu. Uualy h ha alway

b h ca ad h huld hd h wa whchal h w ul cal sba.i d tuky. na wh h ky cuy ha alld ad h bad l bh d. th eU ha h dcdd ccu hplcal dadlck wh a p ada c ac ud h cp h a. th eU cal l a ha tuky ca j h eUwh ull all h cd. i acually a wh bh d bu w huldal ak a ap cla up h udad. ou tukh d h p ha hy d h cuy a a daycadda bhp ad ha hy wa b ad dly hh, a qual . th h cu ha accpd ha whaw call a bacally d wha h eU dad. i wd whhh appl al tuky. th ly way d u ad dcu wha ha, ha a p ad h dalu.

may u ha i ha uchd up a dal wh h publca. thP Allac scal ad Dca h eupa Palaladly upp h pjc h eFDs ad FePs ha a a hla pc. th bjc pu bak , bu d a

b way wad cpl h ak ha w acually k up ul 1989.



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StatE oF play anD lESSonS lEarnEDmaJa nEnaDovI

IntroDUCtIon

tw dcad a, a cuy lcad h ha eup ba da

pc1. Yulaa ual, ha ba wh sla ad Caa bd dpdc 1991 ad whch cly dd wh K pclaa dpdc 2008, wa h bld cfc eupa l c WldWa ii. th dah Yulaa l ll ppl dplacd bh ally adac eup (ad byd), hudd huad caual Ba-Hza al ad a lacy wa c ad c aa huay whch h iaal Cal tbual h F Yulaa th Hauwa udd b juc. th eupa U l h aly ya hcfc wa l ha cdabl: d cu puud h w ada

whu ak a cul h U ( xapl b gay wc sla ad Caa dpdc). th ly addd ul h alady a h ad eU ubl ad dc ulalyld Us l h cfc. eually cupld wh nAto-ld lay, h Us-ld Caa, Ba-Hza, sba adK dd h cfc. Whl sla, l laly ucahd a laYulaa, wa abl uccully a dcacy ad j h eupaU 2004 ald h cu2,h h Yula publcw a lucky. th wa h 1990 a ha a pc Caa,Ba-Hza, sba ad K, ad a l x macda adm, w a cplx ha h h cupa Calad ea eup ad cud al aa ha w xpcd ak plac ulauly.

Eee a 2012mj nedi,Researcher, University o Amsterdam

StatE oF playanD lESSonSlEarnED


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th a cally plad ak cy ad h

dcaa h plcal y h aah wa w dculuh. Hw, h a wa pac, ad ally h a pay pac a ud d h wa3 ully ad ucal a, pd h acabl chall.

A eupa ppc wa d h W Balka4 cu a a way ad h pc ad abl h . th sabla ad

Aca Pc (sAP) wa lauchd a h eU-W Balka u Zab 2000, hby u h uc hw h cuw xpcd wh eU ad d ulaly bc lbl bhp. Cdaly, h hallak eU appach ad hdcaa pc huhu h c ap b, waa u ha h W Balka cu adapd eU lla bya wdpad . Hw, h pac h pa euplad bhd, w h lacy cfc h 1990, whch plyd lal balld h plcal aa, ca a plcal dadlckad a dau pdulu bw aal plcal pa ad h (ldly)p-dcac cupa ha k u pw. th aal cuyac abl h ud h pbly ual eU acc

huhu h hal h 2000 a a ca. i 2005, hw, bcaappa ha h w a pc h U ha h W Balkacu had apd . na ul h Duch ad Fch du h eU Cu ald ha h cu b w uhappy wh hway h w u h eU ad ha h uh eU a pc, ucha h h c cuy ad d plcy, wuld ha wa.th al c ad lack cdc fcd h eU laplcy, whch ha p wad, ba xpc h, uh h ca ad a ally l huac appach ap b.

th al h chap a h eU la pc h lh hwdpad eU enlargement atigue whch bc wh h cucc c. th pc d ud a u alua, d d hw ca b calbad ha h W Balka cu a l h w, ud h eU club. th aca eU abuul h a alady appa, ly Ba-Hza adK whch cu (dy)uc a aal pca. Hw,macda ad sba plcal l a al w dllud wh heU lack p p h ha hy ad a hh plcal

c ally. th c h cc c a l huhu h ,ad ad uca cc pd, ppul h whch, a whch xpcd cfc a ya a, paculaly dau.


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eU acc ha b a h d-p h dcul a ad p-

cfc ala pc, ad u b d h ablalh bcau h wll dabl h W Balka ally,ad pd a uc cu pbl h eU l. Cal halua eU la uc h ap pcp whch xbw h l Bul, h eU b a (bh l, ad h ppl),ad h ap b (l ad h ppl) ad h pc. thu l h dba eU la al d b addd, ah uu h eupa U, ably hadl al dcd ad aah cc plcy, h pcd dah ulculual ad h hh-w x ad c all play a pa l .

th x c wll pd a lau w h eU la pc,wh xpl h l pu la wll b ky pac,a hy acd h lu eU la plcy. th hd pa hchap wll cu h eU la pc, dcb h hyad ca l W Balka cu eU acc.th uh c wll cu xpla h h aud wad hla pc, bh h eupa U l a wll a huhu hW Balka, by cu h plcal bacl whch ha pdd h

pc. Fally, h cclud c wll cda hw pu h laly dald pc accp h W Balka cu h eupa U back (h h) ack.

WHat Do WE (tHInk WE) knoW aBoUt EU EnlargEmEnt?

i d ak h u a h ha h cu dba,w d lk back h pa ad uc h l lad

pu eU la. th da h, h lu a wll acc h la dba, wll al b pd h c.A eU C ela oll rh xplad, a wbhp ha b pa h dlp eupa a h h a. th dba abu la a ld a h eU l. ey heU accp w b, cha. thk abu wha w h bcc u hk abu wha w a w, ad wha w wa b h uu. 5

th a llua hw pa a l la play h lu h eU dy ad hlp cxualz h a dcu h

ubjc. A bfy c h la aal, a dcbd caleU plc ad dcu, h c wll pd a w wha yp c la huh ha h ap ad w b, ad hU h whl.



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th dcu ha ha accpad la ha alway pd

b h ea ad h W h, p cc wh adccd h ad h dcac c.6 thpc eU acc l c h pha: a a cuy d h ppc bhp, bak up a haa a lad bc a cal cadda bhp. th hdpha h acual al bhp a ha l adapa h cadda cuy lla h eU law, kw a h acquiscommunitaire. oc h a ad a cpld, h cuyca j h eU pd appal all h eU b cu. th alcd a cuy j h eU, al kw a h Cpha ca,pula ha ay accd cuy u ha abl u uaadcacy, ul law ad hua h (plcal cd); ha u haa uc ak cy (cc cd); ad ha u accph ablhd eU law ad pacc (lal cd).7

o h ky u h la pc h eupaPala, whch h al a b ay cuy j h eU.sal palaay c a ld wh wk u lad la (.. F Aa, Hua rh, C scuy ad

Dc Plcy), ad h Pd h eupa Pala hld aualcc wh h Pd h pala h cadda a.th eupa C, h h had, ca u h c h applca, cduc a ad h p ad bycadda a.8

Accd Fak schl, ela a h uccul plcy h eU.9 sud ha cd ha plcalcdaly, pcally la ual bhp, ha a p

c dcac ad ha h eU ha h had adca c h cu ap j . Cdalyhu wk a a l c ubaal cha, plcal c cplac wh eU qu d xcd h b a cdbl bhp ppc.10 sal ud c h ppc.11

Wh h la ud 2004, wh cu Cal adea eup jd h eU, cdaly wa laly a ucc ad hadcly pakd ad ad h dcac ad cc hcu. Hw, ach ha al hw ha bhp ppch h ucc h cdaly plc, whl aca ad

pahp cdaly d p cly b ha wakcdaly.12 i h wd, h cdbly, lacy ad c la ad h plcal pc ap cadda cu,


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whl ucay, pp da u h acc pc dy

h cdbly ad duc h c h cdaly plcy.13Cd h lh, bacl ad h dadlck h WBalka eU acc pc, h d ky pac.

Wha a h l lad h pu la ud, ad whchway ha hy acd h pc h ppc eU aa?Whl h al aph uud eU la d bp h aly 2000 h 10 w b a w wlcd 2004 a eU-wd clba h cx had alady hd byh raa ad Bulaa jd 2007. Aaly ply wad ha hw cu had d a h pac qud ulll all h cd,bu h eU hl accpd h h U. Whh a a ac a ac, h lack b ala, raa ad Bulaa h

jd h eU whl ay w ll ahad h. th post-accession reorm atigue wa cd dcb h al lw dw pac ad h a ally la bhd. th accpac raa ad Bulaa ad h ubqu d cu hp-acc ha auh h eU h llw l: ha apw b huld ly b accpd c hy ha ully h ca

bhp. Fuh, a paalll l la uu la b ha h w b wuld l b accpd up.each w ppc cadda b wuld a acc ddually, ad wuld ly b ad bhp up ull hca h by h eU.14 Hw uul ha h cdaly appach b dcaza h W Balka cu h pah eUacc? Wha a h a l h pc, ad wha ha bh a bacl? th x c ddcad h qu.

HIStory oF tHE EU EnlargEmEnt proCESS In tHE WEStErn BalkanSth acc W Balka cu h eU cly ad wh hlauch h sabla ad h Aca Pc (sAP). th awklad h ud a lad up h ual acc apcu, ad wa bad h al: abla h cu a u h a a ak cy, p al cpa,ad ual bhp h eU.15 F ad 1999, h WBalka cu ha c d h sAA a16 ad d h

pc p-acc ad pahp. th al accpc h eU akd by h a lad up h hsAA, whch llwd by h a aca by all h b a



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a wll a by h eupa C. oc a cuy ha jd h pc,

h x a h p-acc aac pa wh ud a a hppc cadda cuy dpal, a h pc. thuhpacpa au eU aac pa, a wll huh cpawh eU au ac ad c, h ap b cuy hxpcd d a aal pa h adp hacquis, h clal awk h eupa U ha all h b a adh , ad whch hy al h aal lla. th sAA cupldwh plcal dalu ad P rp ha ack h cuucc ad bacl cpl h . oc a cuy ccadda au, cal acc a wh h eU b ad dud whch cd ha cuy wll j h eupa U. expcd al h aal lla wh h ud eU a c (aly ha r, maach, Ada ad nc), h a pcuually la al ya.

o h llw pa, h l ky l h W Balkacu eU acc da h lh h pc. i alpa ha h pc ha b ad al bacl whchz alld h d. F xapl, h acc a wh

Caa w updd du sla blcka (w a bddpu u wh hb Caa); ad aca a wh sbaw z bw may 2006 ad Ju 2007 du lack cplac whh iCtY, c. Whl Caa xpcd bc a b by July 2013,m wll a a h ya, macda ad sba hld caddaau, Albaa, Ba-Hza ad K ha y bc calcadda b.

th dcu eU la ad h W Balka al chad

cdably h pd 2007-2012, wh l p ad cu cplac wh qud . Fllw h puly xpld xpcacd by al la, h eU acd w pblac ac ha ddh p xpd h aly 2000. th cc c ha baac eU cu a aly a 2006 (Huay, ..) wa ull w by2010-2011, whch a ha eup h whl wa da wd ca upp (x) h w pa, a-a ad a d eU whch uld dal wh al u.

A ac ha dd ll a h d u wad wa h al a dadlck ad lack p h W Balka cu.

thuhu h pd, h eU had ad a u--wa wh h


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, play had a h a awad ca (pcla a cuy

ady h x pha acc, lbal h a , ca iPAud aakd ha cuy) ad ck (u a p p,whhld pp h ab d ca). th dcul ad yaj cd hh h acc ada wa cpa wh h iCtY,whch a xpc h xad wa cal upc ad ull cplacwh h pcu a. i p-cfc a uch a Caa, sba,K ad Ba-Hza, h wa a paculaly hazadu plcally a a aaa a aca, aalc lca ada , u ld (plcal pay) cllau all h a hau, uca, ad - a eU bhp. Fuh, hiCtY cpa cd kp h ld wud c wa p ad ,a h eU dadd ha plcal l jc aal ad cd h wac ac cd a du h 1990. i ac, ach laha wh dal wh a aal dy - ad pcally wh clahwh u uch au cdaly ay b abl u cplacad -wll bhal l W Balka cu.17A heU qu cpa wh h iCtY cadcd Caa ad sbal-ccpuala ad udad h l h 1990 cfc, hcd pd a hhly cu ad dcul eU dad, ad yldd xd

ul h ud. F xapl, wh 2010 Caa Pd i Jpcad a publc aply h Ba-Hza Palaay Ably Caa pacpa waa plcy ad a pa Ba-Hzadu h 1990, h a wa cdd by ay cal Caa awll a by a aca. Whl h eupa U cal applaudd h, ad h h d cad cuy dal du au hadcally. Fally, aaly ha aud ha sba cpa wh h iCtYha c u d pcd wh eU acc ha u a ual cc c wh h wa c h pa.18

Cpa wh h iCtY ju h chall ha acd al WBalka cu h pah eU acc. th x c wll cduh chall ad dla ha ha pd a bacl h pc h , ad h eU la pjc ally.

CHallEngES & DIlEmmaS oF tHE EU EnlargEmEnt proCESS

th eupa la pc ha, a , b pd a ad

a dd wh h pc uh a h cu U. i ac, cpc ad p uh la ha adcad pay



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a eU a ad h h ad c h

x b, b uh wlc ay w .19 Hw, hdcu u h k all py a al dchy: eU la ad eUa ha ac b paalll, ccd pc, ah ha wpaa pha ha a pp ah. i ayh, pula ud ha hd eU a d ad uh bd ha pc ly wlc h w b h cak, bu al huh uh h plcal cpa ad allac huhdlcally-lad eupa pay wk. th caly pc ada dcu eU la du h la w ya ly hw dub ad eU a al.

A xplad al, h adal plcal cdaly ud a a a acla p-acc ha b a uc d ch l W Balka cu c h xpcd h, a la ha pd uc p h dd pac . i cla ha, a Pdha pu , h W Balka p h dcul ppc acc cu a cud by h eU.20 thcbd p-cu ad p-cfc lac p a chall y b adqualy pdd by h eupa U . th al eU aud

plcy wad h dcul u b dcbd a pp dlayh lu. Du h cfc ad daly a, h wa h ca: hmacda a dpu wa ld by u a pay lu callh cuy F Yula rpublc macda. m, K auu wa kp uld ud h Ud na scuy Cucl rlu1244 ul K ulaally pclad dpdc Fbuay 2008. Fally,h Day Pac A ha ppd h wa Ba-Hza waalway a b ad ad placd wh a c ad uaablcual a, bu 16 ya llw , uch a lu ha

b pu wad. e day, macda aalac a ha bblckd by gc du h a dpu, whu aacy da hd h eU. m, K dclaa dpdc cu b add a wh h eU wh 22 b a cz h w a eup, ad 5 b u llw u. th dadlck macda,Ba-Hza, sba ad K cu hap ly la h , bu al dap h hp h a ad h eU cpc,l ad ably da h cfc ad ak ladhp a aa lu. th a aa uh ua h l ad h ppula h W Balka cu bcau h a u uch a cual

qu ha pa acual ahd ad ahd cu l la.i a aph whch ay ppl ll u p-cfc pychcalu ad wh aal ll h chap ad c l plcal


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blza, up ha h ajy W Balka cu

plcal l a accud wdw-d ly ak cplacwh , ah ha u u, dcac ad uba cha.21

A h a , adl h ala h W Balkacu, h al cx eU a ha al w cplx adl aably dpd wad uh la h pa w ya. F

Ala mkl wdly dcud cla ha ulculual eup ha ulyald,22 Duch h-w pay (Pvv) wb p cpla aappl Cal ad ea eup,23 Huaa x h-w pay

Jbbk p a-sc, hphbc ad a-ra pclaa

24

eupally b xpc a h wad h h. Bh hk hakDemos culy ad ulpl-cu ach ppul, ad hplay ul p a xphba eup.25 i uup ha h, h W Balka cu al llw h W d. rcly,a da ha wa a ah aal pa Huay, gay,Fac, Bulaa, Aua, ad Blu a ach lday wa bad Caa.26 th dlp, ak plac a a dp cc c haha h ably h uz ad h eupa pjc al, ahhly w. Hw, wha ubl lack a dc, ud

ad c p h eupa U wad h dlp. thdal Huay dcacy ud h FiDesZ huhu2011 ad h pa w h ha lcd a p h eU ha ca


1999

The EU proposesa Stabilisation

and AssociationProcess (SAP)or the region

Jue 2004

Croatia is grantedthe candidate

status

Decebe 2005

Macedonia isgranted the

candidate status

Jue 2006

Montenegrodeclares

independenceand separaterom Serbia

Febu 2008

Kosovo declaresindependence rom

Serbia (Greece,Cyprus, Romania,

Slovakia and Spaindo not recognize it)

Jue 2008

Following the EUsummit, the

resolution o thenaming disputeis added as a

precondition toMacedoniasEU accession

Ju 2009

European Commissionproposes to the

Council to lit EU visarequirements or

citizens o Macedonia,Montenegro and

Serbia

ocbe 2009

EU new enlargementstrategy: shit

rom enlargementrounds to individual

accessions

Decebe 2010

Montenegro isgranted the

candidate status

Jue 2011

Croatia completesthe accessionnegociation

process

Ju 2012

Croatia reerendumon the joigning

the Eu(successul)

mch 2012

Serbiais granted

the candidatestatus


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b b dcbd a ll la. m h dal dcac

paa pw ad chck ad balac cd ly hcal backlah a hadul eU cal. Wha ppd a acual ac p, hw,wa eU cc ad h dpdc h Huaa aal calbak bu h, u, ly ulld h adcal h ha ad da,call Huay x h eU.27 th ca Huay dad h eUably dal wh al dcd ad dcpac, ad uh hwca haeU la ay ha acual bhp ay.Up h U, h bha b a appa b a ld ha ha ap acc cadda, ad h b y kp all b adhc ad cplac eU dcacad hua h ha a d h acc pc.

Ba d h chall ad dla wh h eU la pc,a wll a h eU hk abp capacy w b a cc c, a qu clud: ca h eU abb h sba/Ku, h dyucal Ba-Hza cu a? i phap ad da ad calba h la pc uch a way, a ully up ? Wha wuld b cay, a ad a bh hla ad h eU a pc? th llw c

cclu dducd h dcu.

ConClUSIon

i h cu a, bh h eupa U ad h W Balka a u a lack dc. th y eU a h y eU la,ad h pc wll a uhd l a h cu h WBalka a ud h club. th aaly ha hu a dad ha

h d b a cha plcy bh Bul a wll a h capal ap b a, d calba h pc ha ha alld.

o h d h eU, h a d a h, ahwad lk h. By ad w hc h y W Balka accad x-Yulaa p-cfc ala, h eU culd ac ac a a ldl. th ly way cha ad pa way wh h pu d hkad ac by bak wh - a uc ply. th eU ah uabl ac b all h cfc pa h abl, ad a alk u ha wll b ld whu a cdbl, dd ad

p da. Pp dcul u ad wp h ud h capha hu a ly addd a da a, ac h ad kypac ad h ac d byd py hc.


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i h cu h W Balka, wha ly dd hh l-lac.

Ca lk h eU a dcul by ak h a cd h acc pc ly ca uh pbl dw h l, a hy bhal h ppula whch a b cdd dlk heU h pc. i h wd, h plcal l h W Balka huldh cup bcau cd h y uda a, ad bcauh eU ha ad aday ulll acc ca. th xc h eUha pdd a c xcu bh acy ad lack whp h ad plcal ada ad h hld k dpdcy plcall ap b cu.

Fally, bh h eU ad W Balka cu plcal l d u abu h dcu hy a a a h da ad wad hlca. U acy uch a Pigs (d Pual, ilad, gc adspa) wh dcu h cc c ad cu had h ad quaac d a h eU. oall, h c eup aly hw ad why h eupa U had c xc h plac ad a a cc c, wh xphba, a-a, a-sc h , phap u b .th cu adcala eup ad h x h w pa

ha a pala huhu eup ak pa h aa l, ha w d all bc w hy pal. Fally, ayh, h eU ad h W Balka plcal l a ud l-abp, whch ha had a dal pac h c h h U ad cpa a all h cu h eupac a h whl. Au a lbal ulk wuld ak paully bu all ld ha by h h eU, b a wll pp, ad bywak , h c eup wll all cplly bhd h w wldpw. i c wh h w pa ha a a al apc

aa - j upaaal u ad h ubqu dh aal y ccu h a lu.



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1. On April 06, 2012 citizens o Sarajevo commemorated the twenty years anniversary o the beginning o siege o Sarajevo.For more inormation, turn to: Alison Smale, Honoring Sarajevos Victims and Its Survivors, International Herald Tribune, available at:http://rendezvous.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/04/07/honoring-sarajevos-victims-and-its-survivors/ (Accessed April 07, 2012).

2. Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Malta, Cyprus.

3. Examples in case are the Dayton Peace Agreement in Bosnia-Herzegovina and United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244 thatended the NATO intervention in Serbia and Kosovo.

4. Croatia, Serbia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo and Albania.

5. European Commission, Understanding Enlargement: the European Unions Enlargement Policy, 2007, available online at:http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pd/key_documents/2007/understanding_enlargement_102007_en.pd (Accessed: May 09, 2012)

6. Ocial EU policy on enlargement, available at: http://euopa.eu/pol/enlarge/index_en.htm (Accessed: May 10, 2012)

7. Ibid.

8. For more inormation, please see:The European Parliament in the Enlargement Process An Overview available online at:http://www.europarl.europa.eu/enlargement_new/positionep/pd/ep_role_en.pd (Accessed: May 08, 2012);EU Enlargement to the Western Balkans: Challenges Facing Potential Candidates, Library o the European Parliament, April 08, 2010, availableonline at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/bibliotheque/brieng/2010/100037/LDM_BRI%282010%29100037_REV2_EN.pd(Accessed: May 08, 2012).

9. Frank Schimmelenning, Hanno Scholtz, EU Democracy Promotion in the European Neighborhood: Political Conditionality, EconomicDevelopment and Transnational Exchange, European Union Politics, Vol. 9 (2): 188.

10. Tina Freyburg, Solveig Richter, National identity matters: the limited impact of EU political conditionality in the Western Balkans,Journal o European Public Policy, Vol.17 (2): 263.

11. Ethier, D. (2003) Is democracy promotion effective? Comparing conditionality and incentives, Democratization, Vol. 10 (1): 99 120;Grabbe, H. (2006), The EUs Transormative Power: Europeanization through Conditionality in Central and Eastern Europe, New York:Palgrave Macmillan; Schimmelenning, F., Enert S. and Knobbel, H. (2006), International Socialization in Europe.European Organizations, Political Conditionality and Democratic Change, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan; Vachudova, M.A. (2005),Europe Undivided: Democracy, Leverage, and Integration since 1989, Oxord: Oxord University Press.

12. Frank Schimmelenning, Hanno Scholtz (2008), EU Democracy Promotion in the European Neighborhood: Political Conditionality,Economic Development and Transnational Exchange, European Union Politics, Vol. 9 (2): 207.

13. Frank Schimmelenning (2008), EU political accession conditionality: consistency and effectiveness Journal o European PublicPolicy, Vol. 5 (6): 933.

14. This shit is hinted at in the 2009-2010 Enlargement Strategy, published on 14 October 2009, available online at:http://ec.europa.eu/ceskarepublika/pd/press/ks5strategy.pd (Accessed: May 10, 2012).

Bibih& reeeces


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15. European Commission, Enlargement website, available online at:http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/enlargement_process/accession_process/how_does_a_country_join_the_eu/sap/index_en.htm(Accessed: March 15, 2012)

16. Countries and signature/entry into orce years: Macedonia (2001/2004); Croatia (2001/2005); Albania (2006/2009); Montenegro(2008/2010); Bosnia-Herzegovina (2008/2012?); Serbia (2010/2012?); Kosovo (no SAA).

17. Tina Freyburg, Solveig Richter (2010), National identity matters: the limited impact of EU conditionality in the Western Balkans, Journalo European Public Policy, Vol. 17 (2): 263 281.

18. Marlene Spoerri, Mladen Joksic, The Ethics of a Justice Imposed: Ratko Mladics Arrest and the Costs of Conditionality, Carnegie Ethics

Online, June 02, 2011, available at:http://www.carnegiecouncil.org/resources/ethics_online/0058.html (Accessed: May 04, 2012).

19. This has oten been presented as dichotomy o enlargement versus integration, or widening versus deepening o the European Union.

20. Georey Pridham (2008), Securing Fragile Democracies in the Balkans: the European Dimension, Romanian Journal o EuropeanAairs, Vol. 8 (2): 69.

21. For more inormation on compliance with EU norms, read: Gergana Noutcheva (2009), Fake, partial and imposed compliance: the limitsof the EUs normative power in the Western Balkans, Journal o European Public Policy, Vol. 16 (7): 1065 1084.

22. Kate Connolly, Angela Merkel declares death o German multiculturalism, The Guardian, Sunday 17 October 2010, available online at:http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/oct/17/angela-merkel-germany-multiculturalism-ailures (Accessed: May 09, 2012)

23. http://www.meldpuntmiddenenoosteuropeanen.nl/ (Accessed: May 10, 2012)

24. Alex Pearlman, Why You Should Care About Hungarys Rabid Right, Global Post, March 13, 2012, available online at:http://www.globalpost.com/dispatches/globalpost-blogs/rights/hungarys-rabid-right-demonizes-roma-becomes-popular-youth-voters(Accessed: May 21, 2012)

25. Demos, project Populism in Europe more on the research project available online:http://www.demos.co.uk/projects/thearrightineurope (Accessed: May 10, 2012)

26. Clash of neo-Nazis and anti-fascists in the heart of Zagreb, Jutarnji List, April 13, 2012, available online at:http://www.jutarnji.hr/medunarodni-skup--dvjesto-desnicara-iz-europe-okruzit-ce-policija-i-ljevicari/1021132/ (Accessed: May 02, 2012)

27. Stean Bos, EU Sanctions Threat Fuels Hungarys Far Right, Voice o America, January 15, 2012, available online at:http://www.voanews.com/content/eu-sanctions-threat-uels-hungarys-ar-right--137450768/170970.html (Accessed: March 25, 2012)



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35/226

IntroDUCtIon

th 2004 ad 2007 la ld a hap h x bhpca ad h duc pa w . th ha acd h pac h la pc. i add, h acal ad cc cha pu cu h eU pjc l chall ad uu lal pac h la ada. Dp h h eU ha hw

c uh la wh cu ha a ady j by h acc ay wh Caa Dcb 2011, whch wll ul acc July 2013.

i h acl wll b aud ha h a ap bw h p-ladcu a h plcal l h eU ad suh ea eup (see),ad h publc p h a. gally pak h upp eUla apa cu ha dcad h ya. supp la a cz see cu ly fucd by aal

plc, cc dlp ad al, ad pcd, cquc h ha c al wh h eU a pc. i wll b qud wha x publc p fuc h pc l. Fuh, wllb aalyd hw h publc p see cu ha dlpd. Fly,hw, a w h lau ha dal wh h la pcad h dcad upp (ucpc) h pc wll b .

lItEratUrE ovErvIEW

i h cph ach taa ad szcbak au ha hcquc h cad publc pp wad eU a adla a wld: ha a dc a pac h cdbly h eU pjc (whl h pp ca h eU pjc ) ad

Eee d pubic oiiDije tdi,

Programme ofcer EFDS

StatE oF play anD lESSonS lEarnEDDanIJEl taDI


36/226

a dc c hw by h da a, by h appaac

ucpcal b h eupa Pala bu al ld b a ha ak p whch abl h ak adac ca apc h eU pjc. Accd taa adszcbak h acadc ucpc ha cad du hpa ac: h dcl h p cu eU a,h w dcy da ( a ppuy hxp ucpc) ad h eU la. th w ba ha a d way ac plc ad plcydlp. thy ha h lau ally h dc adbw had ucp (pcpal pp aa h eU pjc l)ad ucp (pp h eU pcc plcy aa, wh aal a a dd).

A dc ha al b ad h lau bw eU upp aducpc. ealy publc p ud ud h ccp eU upp,whl c ya hy caly ucp (Baad,schuck, elbaa & d v, 2011: 242). i h acl h Jual eupa U Plc, hy au ha h ud publc p h eUhuld fc h uldaly aud wad h eU, a

d kd upp d aa. F xapl, upp h eU cab bad c ad b eU bhp al upp h da ad alu h eU ad (Ldb ad schld, 1970:40). A a bc caly pa publc p ach adplcal cuca, pa ak h uldal appach,whch c d: l a ad ha wh ad h eU; h eupa dy; h pac ad dcac adacal uc h eU; p-aal ulaa cda;uh a ad plcy a (Baad, schuck, elbaa & d

v, 2011: 258).rhchd ad Whld au h wk ha lau aad la ea eup uually llw h adad Wdl. i h dl aud ha plca ad cz applcacu ha h w lbal ak alu ad lk a a ly h ak b ppc. A a cquc aly xadhw c ak ad lbal-dcac dal ac hw czpc a (rhchd & Whld, 2010: 146). thy ccludha p-cu cu cc ad plcal dlcal alu

ha a a fuc hw cz pc eU a ha hdcacally abl W eupa cu.


37/226

mcLa au h bk ha h a a a cz Cal ad

ea eupa cu ha ap eU bhp a lad hcy: w abu pc ca, lw l adad ad l jb(mcla, 2005, p: 157). i pacula h aly -lbal cc dadd by h eU ha ld dhd upp eU bhp.

A ach publc p ad eU la ha bcducd by ma ad rb h acl sh eup Buda:ma mda, Publc op ad h ela h eU. Fly, hy ha h plcal lac publc p eU la adeU a al ha w ad lkly uh ca huu. Bcau h cad pac h publc p huldb caully achd hw a da fuc publc p a daycz uually d ha -had xpc h eU, bu dpd a da ca a. scdly, hy au l whx lau ha la aud cz a dd byccc ad dy-lad u. th la ca b xad aal ppc ( pha culual backud ad aa) a cuc ppc (plc ad culu h bhd dy a). Fally, h d hw ha wpap acl

chad h ll upp eU acc macda ad h cuya al. thy cclud ha da ca ha a pac cz aud wad eU la. (ma & rb 2008, p: 261).eal ach ha hw ha h da ca h eupa U haa caly a (Bchd & rch, 2005).

taa cclud h acl A uch d: eucpc cpay W eupa pay y ha ucpc aly pa h pphy h plcal ladcap. th pa u

cp wh aa pa ha xp ucpc ly huhac (taa, 1998, p: 363).

ma au ha h uh eupa a p, h day cz xpc a lack dcac accuably. H add hah ac ha eup bl h l ah ha day cz du a p cu. i a ply bcau a dd ac (ma, 2003, p: 62).

EnlargEmEnt: a CrUCIal part oF EUropEan IntEgratIonFuh eupa a (dp ad wd) cdda h l-d da d, xcably ccd h eU pjc



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l. A h au qu cdd b a udabl eupa

a, h aa h a ad p-la aud a cdd ucpcal (taa & szcbak 2008, lu 1, p.8).F ay ya h plcal l h eU ad Bul ha b lalyupp uh a ad la ad hy uccdd a publc upp h pc (ibd, lu 1, p:1). Hw, cya a ap ca b bd bw h p-a Bulada ad h ada h plcal l h eU b a.

th ela say ad ma Chall 2010-2011 h eupaC a ha h eU c h la pcfc h b a cc ha h uual hU ad h apa cu. i add, aud h dcu hah Lb tay u ha h eU ca puu la ada ada a w u eupa a. th ahwad ahuld b pd ad xplad claly h publc d hudad ad upp la, accd h dcu. ocaldcu eU b a upp eU la awll: a l a bhp ca a ullld apa cu ca jh eU. i cu pha pu h eU abp capacy. i

h hc, hw, lad plca ld b a a uch ccal uh la. i a wll kw c dplacccl ha Caa h b h la cuy j h eU h a uu.ma plcal ac paculaly h ld b a ha bcl a cuca h la a h publc. A all,h pc dp ad wd h eU ha ld ppad cpc a eU cz whch ha pd b pblac hplcal l. th ha al b fcd cad upp plcalpa ha d wa eup ad a uh wd h U.

Fuh, eU b a ha ak pha abl h ak dac ca apc h eU pjc,clud la.

A tabl 1 hw, c 2005 h upp see cu ad tukybc pa h eU ha dcad h eU b a. th abl a aa h paa qua ud 27 eU b a. i ha b d ha upp w b a see cu ad tuky j hh ha h ld b a. F xapl, 2008 ly 10% h pd Aua w au Albaa j h eU, whl

48% pd Plad w au. i w lk a h aa u 2010 Caa ha h hh upp (47%), llwd by m (35%).

Albaa ad K ha h lw upp, bh wh 29%.


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tHE rolE oF polItICal partIES

A hy lc h pa b h eU u, plcalpa ca b cdd a akp h plcal papc. i add, plcal pa ly d hw h eU play ua a plcal u. thy bl h cucy da eupau, h plcal ada ad d hw hy wll cp wh hpa plcal u. th, wh aaly eupa a adla pa kp d aal plc, pay cpad publc p. i h d eU la a la x a plcalpc. th quay ad yp a plcal pa d eU lad

u ly d h publc p. A alady d, h dba ca u, whch cz cd b a away h yday l, aly dd by h a plcal pa d ad h way cd by h aa da.

th h a lh h hcal awk dlpdby taa ad szcbak whch hw h pa plcal paycp eupa u: limited contestation, open contestation

and constrained contestation (taa & szcbak 2008, p:349). i ld

ca aj pa a cuy h wh xpc ppc pacpa hw c h eupa pjc,whch a u pay cp. th cu d a ha


2005 2006 2008 2010

abi 33 32 34 29

Bsi 40 39 40 35

Ci 51 50 52 47

ks 34 29

mcedi41 40 40 35

mee 41 36

Sebi 38 34

tue 31 28 31 30

I u

Suce: euba

tbe 1: For each o the ollowing countries, are you in avour or not o it becoming part o the European Union in the uture?Average percentage o EU 27


40/226

h ucpc wh h pa. i p ca

pa ha ak a ucpc p ad eupaa a pa cp pay cp. Fuh, h ca, h eupa u ha playd a l h a wh h ladhp pa pa. Fally, cad caeupa u play a l ad ucpc p. Hw, du pcc ca wh h pa eupa u a l lkly ac dc pay cp dcly. m Cal, ea ad suhaeupa a h cay a h chc abu whh j j h eU a chc a all (ibd: p 350). i h ld eU ba, h pac eupa lad u ha cad h publcdba ad lc capa, aly du h cc c. Du hpdal lc capa Fac ad h b h palaaylc capa h nhlad wa haly dbad hw h eU hulduh dlp. i h nhlad plcal pa, al h xpcd b pw, caly ak a ucpc p, ad ba h cpwh h pa h p ak wad h l h eU.

tranSnatIonal party CoopEratIon (tpC)

i whwhl bfy dcu h l taaal Pay Cpa(tPC) a a cha aaly ca dyac ha fuch eU a ad acc pc. tPC pd a pcal chal eupa-ll acy by, bu al eupa pu , plcal pa acc cu a wll a b a (Pdha szczbak& taa, 2008: p. 77). Du h hacd cual au heupa Pala, tPC ha acqud plcal fuc. A tPC a a chal acc, pay l apa cu d tPC a pac ha pay l eU b a (ibd: p. 80).

th wk capacy tPC pcally pa h. Dcuwh h tPC wk d fuc h aal plcal dcu acc cu. F xapl, plcal pa Cal ad eaeupa cu ccal eU la dcdd accp hpc a ad acc ha had b . A all, bycc h eU a pc h cuy hy w k bpd h plcal dba a a pay a b uu cz. Cquly, du h acc pc a al cu eU bhp achd by h plcal pa. Hw, a y h

eU h pa a lkly puu a ucpcal l, la h ac had baa ad puh aal (ibd: p. 85). A lad eUwll h a d taaal Pay Cpa ha culd pu ca pay aly ch. i u, dp h c


41/226

eU a apa cu hw a ca ll cpc a

plcal pa. th ha c h uac b bcau h eUacc paad whch h pa had pa ad h publcp upp acc a h b h pc.

pUBlIC opInIon on EU EnlargEmEnt

Hw dd publc p eU la ad h eU pjc l dlp suh ea eupa cu? W wll cpa aj publc p pllha ha b cducd c ya. s cclu ca b daw

h abl udah (tabl 2) ha hw hw pd h seecu pld h qu h cuy bhp h eU wuldb a d h, a bad h, h d bad.


2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010

abi 83,1 88,1 82,1 1,5 2,7 6,5 7,7 4,5 11,7

Bsi 48,4 66,5 69,6 11,2 6,3 8,7 30,9 22,4 20,7

Ci 28,5 26,2 24,8 26,3 28,3 31,7 38,0 38,5 37,9

ks 88,8 88,4 88,0 3,6 1,9 6,1 4,4 6,0 4,6

mcedi 66,1 62,0 60,0 6,5 8,6 8,5 24,3 25,9 28,5

mee 57,1 67,3 73,6 6,7 3,1 4,3 19,8 18,8 18,1

Sebi 57,8 50,3 44,5 9,2 11,9 17,2 26,0 33,5 35,3

eihe d bd bd hi d hi

Suce: gallup Balka m

tbe 2: Generally speaking, do you think that [COUNTRY]s membeship o the European UnionWOULD BE a good thing, a bad thing, or neither good or bad? (in percentages)


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F all, hw ha cal eU cadda cu (Caa ad

macda) h lw pca pd hk ha eU bhpwuld b a d h. i 2010 ly 24,8% Caa pd ad ha eUbhp wuld b a d h, whl 31,7% ad wuld b a bad h. Apbl xplaa culd b ha eU acc pc lad ul l p abu uu bhp. sba a xcp h, a wa a cadda cuy a h h ach, bu ll had a lalylw ub pd ha cdd eU bhp a d h (44,5% 2010). Pbl xplaa h culd b h dpdc K Fbuay 2008 ad h eU pu sba ad ull cpawh h iaal Cal tbual F Yulaa (iCtY). scdly,h pca cpd ha cd eU bhp a a dh h hh K (88%) ad Albaa (82,1%). th wh Baad Hza (BH, 69,6%) h cu a a away eUbhp. Fally, huld b d ha a laly hh pca pd hk ha eU bhp wuld b h d bad: 11,7%

Albaa, 20,7% BH, 37,9% Caa, 4,6% K, 28,5% macdaad 35,3% sba. th culd paly b xplad by a had ccha h cz see cu a wll d abu h accpc ad h cquc h eU lad culd ha h

yday l.

tabl 3 hw hw pd h pc cu wuld adu j h eU w b hld. oly Caa, h cuyha abu j h eU July 2013, l ha 50% cpdad hy wuld au bhp: 38,9% 2009 ad 38,4% 2010. i Jauay 2012, hw, 66,27% h Caa wh d a hdu w au j h eU (uu 43,5%). o h had, culd b aud ha h publc p pll dd fc hw Caa

wuld acually a al du. o h h had, ca b audha h plcal ua Caa chad 2011 whch uld a puc h du j h eU. i Dcb 2011 palaaylc w hld Caa ad h l-w cal aud h scalDcac Pay (sDP) w ccly wh 53,3% h . th ul h du ca b a ca h upp h wly lcdl-w ad h d a a h HDZ (Caa DcacU) upacy ha had b uudd by cup cadal hhpay cal. Fuh, plcal pa Caa achd a cu h pa upp eU a h cuy ad cp wh ach

h ha u. th upp h d taa ad szcbak hah quay ad kd a plcal pa d eupa udd publc p.


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i tabl 4, 5 ad 6 u, aa, hw pd h pccu wuld a du j h eU wa b hld. thpll a cducd by h ach ac.

i 2006 ha 50% cpd Caa ad hy wuld eUacc a du. Cpad h pll h gallup Balka m

(tabl 3), h u hw ha a hh pca cpd wuld acc. i 2011, 49%, cpad 38,4% gallup.


2009 2010

abi 88,6 92,7

Bsi 81,8 82,9

Ci 38,9 38,4

ks 87,8 86,8

mcedi 80,5 81,9

mee 79,0 81,3

Sebi 68,7 62,6

Suce: gallup Balka m

tbe 3: I there was a reerendum on Sunday on whether [country] should join the European Union,what would you vote? Percentage that would vote in avour

Suce: ip Plu Publc Aa

tbe 4: How would you vote in a reerendum on Croatias EU?

pecee esdes h wud e For

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

54 46 47 47 45 49


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tabl 5 hw hw cpd sba wuld a h du eU acc. Alhuh a ajy wuld ll acc, hpca cpd ha wuld au ha dcad h ya: 72% 2003 51% 2011.

i ablu upp a cpd Albaa eU acca hh. Hw, cd pu ud h Aiis cpdwh wuld acc a h du ha dcad 92,5 % 2006, 80,7% 2011.

tbe 5: I a reerendum was organised tomorrow as to Whether you support our countrys (Serbia) accession tothe European Union, how would you vote?

Suce: eupa ia c h g rpublc sba

pecee esdes h wud e For ccessi

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

68 72 71 64 70 66 61 59 57 51

tbe 6: I a reerendum were to be held tomorrow onAlbanias accession to the EU, how would you vote?

Suce:Albaa iu iaal sud (Aiis)

pecee esdes h wud e For ccessi

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

92,5 93,8 95 88,7 93,4 80,7


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pUBlIC opInIon: to WHat ExtEnt DoES It mattEr?

rach h 2004 la ha hw ha h hua j heU dcld a p w ak h acc pc. th acccu ald ha h pc h plcal ad cc cd bc a eU b hh. A all, a cuy cy j hU a c dal h lbal ak ad, xapl,ak aal duy ulabl cp. th qud lbalcc dlld dcac capal ad h lack a p-ad wlc by h eU ad eU cz ha dapd h hua

h eU pjc apa cu (mcLa, 2005, p:156). Plcally, bca b h eU a a pl y. Lk a hcuy ha abu j h eU 2013, Caa, bh h plcal adcc d a p. s cz b aad lh y hy ad wh Yulaa dad, whl h apc ca ad jb l. Wk h a Caa cpa haa ubdd by h a aad ccala adb ak by capal wh h k l h jb (Bca,nwaz nacal Auu 2011: 33). th al fcd h publcp ach h gallup Balka m 2010 a 65,5% pd

Caa ad ha eU wll b cp aal bu.

A hw h pu paaaph, publc upp Caa eU accdcld a p w ak h acc pc (tabl 2). Hw,a h dc a h Jauay 2012 du Caa czhwd upp (66,7%) eU acc, a h du cha h plcal ladcap. i ca b aud ha dp h ac haupp la dca a h cuy cl acc, ah dc ch bw ay u h eU bc a

b h U, apa cu ch bc a b. Publcp pll phap hw ha cz see cu a ccal hacc pc, bu hy d hw hw hy a ally a du. Publc p Caa, bu h see cu a wll, ly fucd by aal plc ad cz aud wad h.

t wha x d h publc p la eU b aa? A w ha tabl 1, upp la ha dcad h ya. i 2010, 29% eU cz (eU 27 aa) uppd acc Albaa ad K, 30% tuky, 34% sba, 35% macda ad BH,36% m ad 47% uppd Caa eU bhp. icadpublc pp wad la ad eU a al, ca



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ha a a c h cdbly h eU pjc l. icaly

cz (ld) eU b a l a lack dcac accuably. thBul a, u by h l, ha a h au qu cdda udabl, whl publc p pll u ha eU cz d wah a . i d h upp h eU cz, h eU pjcha bc a pjc eU cz. ica h cdbly h eU pjcqu bad upp a eU cz. A all, h h da ha ad pa wuld lk la h eU a kp u hhpd whl h pa ha h l ha wad a uddda. Plcal pa ca play a pa l h a hh ack.

Whl publc upp h eU pjc ad eU la ha dcad, hplcal lac publc p eU la ad eU a al ha w ad lkly uh ca h uu (ma & rb2008, p: 261). Fuh, ma ad rb au ha caul achhuld b cad u d hw a da fuc publc p aday cz uually d ha -had xpc h eU, bu dpd a da ca a. eal ach ha hw ha h daca h eupa U ha a caly a (Bchd

& rch, 2005). A b chall l ahad h eU, cz ad plcalac ak h eU ccd cz, dlp wh h eU apa ad jly h h eU a lbald wld.

ConClUSIonS

Alhuh h chall lkd h cc ad acal c ha pu pha h abp capacy (wd) h eU (ad dp awll), h p-la dcu ll ly p a h plcal

l h eU. th acc Caa July 2013 hw ha h U cd accp w b a l a hy ull h qud ca.th a ap, hw, bw h dcu ad h pubc p pll eU la. Pll cducd see cu u ha upp eU acc dca a cu ak p wad bc aeU b. th clly lad h plcal ad cc ha al wh uu bhp. Alhuh h pll ha ha b aalydhw ha cz see cu a ccal h acc pc, hyd hw hw hy a ally a a dc . supp

la a cz see cu ly fucd by aalplc, h quay ad yp a plcal pa d eU ladu, cc dlp ad al, ad pcd, cquc h ha c al wh h eU a pc.


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A h plcal lac publc p pll ha cad h ya,

lw upp h eU pjc ad eU la a u ha hcdbly h eU. m, dca upp al wh uhla ad a ad wh w da pd h d aplcal U. Wh h eU upp accp w b a hadcad. epcally cpd ld eU b a a calyaa uh la. o h had h a l a lack dcac accuably ad cl h dc ad Bul.o h h had, ju a see cu, p pll h eU ad eUla a a fc cz d wad aal plc.

th eU la pc wad see cu al cuy adably eup. i pd ppu p-cfc cu ad hcz dlp ccally ad ablh a ul law. Du pu h eU, wa c upc ha b ad ad pu al ju a hh cal ld cup cadal. i add, h pc hapd ( ca Cal ad ea eupa cu) ppu pu ad bu eU b a. Fally, h lapc pa a eU a lbald wld. oly a czeU ca play a l a h lbal c a h a h pw wad

Aa ad h cad pac h BriCs cu (Bazl, rua, ida,Cha ad suh Aca). such a eU qu a p dba dp adwd ad plca wh a l .



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49/226

i h ya ha llwd h la wa eU la, uu udad ach pap lkd a h c h acc h wb. th ud aluad h cc ppc a a aal llbu al cdd h pac h pc had aal dy ad hpa aal alu. th ach ca h cclu ha all ad bh ld ad w b a h c w p adh wlcd.

oc raa had b aud eU bhp, raa hpd b all c-cc apc daly l. Acc buhay cha ha raa hpd wuld allw h wad ap way: acc eupa ud, h pbly all ad wkaywh eup, ppu udy h eupa cu whpcal pa ud, ad acal a uaa qual

cd all eupa.

aCCESSIon nEgotIatIonS

Acc a wh h eupa U l a xadalycplx pcdual y appld a hu ad hhly plcal. i ca b aud ha eU bhp a llw a clapc, bu h qu h ca paculaly wh lk a hd ll a pc. th cc bw h ll

abuu bcau h lk bw h d a h aa ucla ad al bcau h l al wk wh c ak chcal ad plcal dc.

Isih he ri Csevsie puc,

Proessor, Institute or International Studies, Cluj-Napoca

Die Cibs,Associate Researcher, Institute or International Studies, Cluj-Napoca

StatE oF play anD lESSonS lEarnEDvaSIlE pUCa&DanIEla CzImBalmoS


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i h wd, a hzal aaly, had acpa h ul

a bcau h lahp bw h chap b adad h uc al dpd h ll a whch hy a dcud. thcplxy h acc pc ha al cad du h wub play ld: ly a bu al a wll a-al aa ad publc ad pa pa. m w l ly dcu d ad , bu al c ad ddualalu.

Cu applca eU bhp ca daw uul cclu a yl ad h pbl bacl ha ca b du hpc.

i al, h eU appach h a ca b uad a llw:paccal pbl u b ld huh a, u aalpd ad chcal aa pl c adcu eU ul.

i adabl a cadda cuy y w hacquis communautairedu h acc a, pcally c h wuld qu h

cp bw h x b a u. spcal a u al b aa ha dal whh pcal a applca cuy xapl caddacuy nway had cd h y ppula abu huu h c.

th a ly ak accu paccal apc (h aalpd chcal aa), bu al ha adju h a cuy plcy (cpld, ud cuc cua). th

uh cplca h.Wh h a chap addd a dcul dal wh adw cplxy, ay b pblac ba a puc, bcau h cac h applca ad h uldculy d a cp.

i h al a h pc, plcal awa ca, pcallya h lca ccd.

Baa p cla a chap pac aal .Wh a chap uch up a u pcal cc a caddacuy, wll p a fxbl a p, whch ay


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ually all h alk, ca lad c-cal a. exapl

h ca b ud h ca raa (aculu, cp), Plad(aculu), nway (h), ga Ba (bud), spa ad gc(ucual ud). tchcal u bc hhly plcal.th cpl a d a h d h pc ppa acc h eU: ad ay h acc ayllw. th a a hh al plcal ad h alway adc b ad hw wll b ad: by h aal pala huh a du. Pa h dba huld al cu h d aa h pac ppaa acc. A h ub ba ha cad, h bhau h acc a bcacaly fxbl, a ach wa acc ha paally cudcp pu wa la. A hh d fxbly al hw by h w b a wh a uch l p akcc h w cadda h c xpc ha ad h al ad ppa acc.

romanIaS nEgotIatIonS

i raa, w achd a cal lu du ha. W bad 50 a pd, h hh ub a h12 cadda.1 W k accu pacula aal cu,dd by u cc, cal ad plcal backud.

o h c cpay raa wa l. Whad h had ucu h c (1993-2008)ha h aal pd bad by Plad h Czch rpublc (1997-2006). th au a ad ad by raa h l c du1993-2004 wa al 51,000 bll roL, ha h au allwd

Plad ad h Czch rpublc h a. sa ad h cdd a h b 2005. W ca daw a pa l: h way wad h a ad chap kp h c al ad hlpd bccp. th eU h c dd h spb2010, hak h j pla a c ay wh h eU h l c.

Ah pcal c u wa aculu, wh w aad hhh ub a pd all cadda: 13 (Plad bad

12). Wh w ad pduc qua, w uccdd cha hc pd (h c pd ud a wh h 10 wb a wa 1997-1999 bu raa h wa xdd 2002),



52/226

whch ld b qua ha w cl u pduc capacy. W

pu a pha ual dlp d dal wh u uch a-ppula ad ubc a ad a py aa wh a hhpal: cal, lk, ua ad w. i add, h ual dlpud ad pbl au h dc pay u a byal 20%.

o h y chap, w pad pcal a h u buld upu l ad w ad ly h l a pd(ul h d 2011) bu al a da h blay u ll h : ad 90 day w 67.5 day bcau raa haaual l uc.

th wa h uh chap a. F uppc, pl ld c ha raa cpa culd ad. i wa pa u ba a ay a pd a wculd, a l a pbl. W w h ly cadda cuy b ada a pd lcc ladll wa (w ya), dcha dau ubac (h ya h ubac) ad h hp wa ( ya).

th a pd u al b cdd ah p w.Hw huld w b a ak u h da? th abjc d way cply wh h eU qu b h d h a pd.

A uplaa apc h pc wa h l h plca.Wh h acc pc bca adacd, h plcal pa raa ad u eupa u al pw a. thy

cdd ha acc l wa da a bh p pll adh plcal ajy h pala hwd uh upp cplh a. Bu, ca, blck dlay acc-ladlla wa ud dd d h pw ucu.

poSt-aCCESSIon pErIoD

Bh h eupa Pala ad h eupa C ha d hal ca b lad pu acc ad ha hy ca b ud

p uu la. i a c dba,2

h eupa Palaad ha al ck ad c ad w uh acc whl cla cdaly huld apply ad a ucplac wh all h ca lad dw pa. A h a , h


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eU a capacy ha b hd ha uu al ad

xal chall ca b uccully . th eupa Pala alad ha y la u b llwd by adqua clda,ha ay a appaal h eU plc ad a d pd h cz xpca ad u h ably h eupa plcalpjc.

spcal a u b pad dp h a pc:la u b llwd by uh plcal ad cc aad ly a h ll publc pch bu al l. th eupaC u ac a h uada h eupa a ad ha u pcdu . Ah pa adu qu whh w huld adap h maach ca d cc wh. eup u dcd hw balac db ducad h d cc ul.

th eupa U u ak u ha ha h capacy abb wb whu da eupa a. th a ha h eUu ad h dc-ak ul u b c ad hy u baccuabl wha hy d all p eU b a ad w

uh la.

th pcpl h al ak ad cp wh h al aku b cd. Kp cp a a halhy ll eup al aha eupa cpa wll b abl cp h ak (Us, Cha,rua, c) ad h whl eup, ly h h ca . Ah aal ll, w ha lk au p ak chaad allca uc cc c ad/ eupa whc dd. A ad pc p cp wh

h eU wll hac chac h aal aa.th eU ha dlpd ay c a bu hy d bpld h eU wa kp cdbly. th lc pl. Ala, w u ly cu pl eupa ul a haal ad lcal ll, bu al a h eupa . Pply xcud,eupa ac cbu h credibility h eU ad cquly predictability.

Dp h y c h Lb tay, h dc-ak pc

ll ha b pld. Publc p, akhld, al, lcal adaal plcyak all d ak p h u.



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th dcac dc ad h dad cad lacy eU dca w h u ha d a p.

th al h a h acal c. eup u adap h chaha ha ccud lbally. i ca aa uch a dc, cuy(pcally y cuy) ad ach ad dlp, w h b c-da wh h b a d ca a c eupaappach. i c ca al b y hlpul ha back-up a aeupa ll dd upp cu ha udak ull acccclda.


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oc d h eU, a w b a u abu w alda. B a ac b h eU a ak h eU ac ad h dc aa. th eupa U abu c-pa ad uy. Ad huld b al abu cplac wh eupaul. ela wll ly uccd h c ad aa hud. Ad ak h plac d aally, h eU d ak a u lk a h way all b pl eupa ul ala.

Ah p h qual a all b. A P Ad iacd, h w b a ha jd h eU 2004 ad 2007 had al cd ha w xacly cpabl wh h eupada.3 Dc pay a ad a a ac h au pdd eU-15 a ad h ap wa ly cld huh a aual pcla ul 2013. Full pacpa h eU bud bca a aly Jauay 2007; du h 32 h all w b a had acc h p-acc ud a ac h y hy w ld a 2007. F ccula labu phap h paeupa h wa ly ad a h acc by ld

b a ad by h du h ya bhp. raaad Bulaa ha ll achd cpl d h u.

tHE prESEnt aCCESSIon nEgotIatIonS

th la la ud wa, accd t sua,4 a uplcal chall a wll a h b had- aapc d plcal hy. All all, a ucc y. Bu h pchall w ly ully h c acc ca b

j h eU, bu ad backld a acc ad uaa huaably h achd. s u b hald, uaa h cua p pc ad h ca a culu hh-qualy plcyak ad ada.

A hw by h eupa C cuca h d 2011,h p a wh h W Balka cu ad tuky wllcu h h ul law, publc ada ad hh aa cup h ky chall h ul law

la cu.


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ru cdaly, ald h a plcal ad cc ca,

pa aa h eU cdbly. th Cpha ca h a cu h a pc pd h awk ha ad u b fxbl uh dal wh d cadda.th xpc h pu a hw ha uu ak wulauly cdd a pa, bu whu pa. iph wll ak pbl allca uc cly pduc claal ul, ah ha wk wh uu a ad ac plawhu h a ad h wll pl h.

i y lkly ha h b ah aj la, bu lyl acc, pcdd by l ad dcul a. nawh h a cadda cu wll b a la a chall a hla ud, bu h l a w aalabl ad ay p cah b ad h la pc l.

Dp h dculy, ah h cplxy, h la pc hdl a, cp, al baa ad h b acaly h pc h h la plcy heU cdd b a ucc. i ha ud h ppl eup a

aa whu pcd. Pac, pw ad ppy all eupaa h ky d h pc ad huld b uh kp eupd p all h ha eupa alu ad pcpl.


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1. Poland obtained 48 transition periods, Malta 47 and Hungary 35.

2. Georgios Ghiatis in Graham Avery, Anne Faber, Anne Schmidt (eds) Enlarging the European Union: Eects on the new member statesand the EU, 2009, p14.

3. Andrs Inotai, Effects of Accession on the New Member Countries: The Economic dimension in Graham Avery, Anne Faber, AnneSchmidt (eds) Enlarging the European Union: Eects on the new member states and the EU, 2009, p94.

4. Timo Summa, The European Unions 5th enlargement Lessons Learned, Harvard University, 2008, p15.

- Graham Avery, Anne Faber, Anne Schmidt (eds), Enlarging the European Union: Eects on the new member states and the EU, Brussels,Trans European Policy Studies Association, 2009.

- Ciprian Gori, Negocierile de aderare la Uniunea European Studiu de caz: Romnia, Bucureti, Editura Economic, 2008.- Timo Summa, The European Unions 5th enlargement Lessons Learned, Harvard University, 2008.- Vasile Puca, Romnia spre Uniunea European. Negocierile de aderare (2000-2004), Iai, Institutul European, 2007.- Vasile Puca, European Negotiations. A Study Case: Romanias Accession to EU, Gorizia, IUIES, 2006.- Vasile Puca, Negociind cu Uniunea European, vol. II Initial Position Documents, Bucureti, 2003.


Bibih& reeeces


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Bulaa wa h cu wh eU acc wa accpad byca plcal dcul bh a dc ad aal au.Plcal bla ad cp ac h al a cad hcd h pc b ald uccully. Hw, a addal ch h p judcal , cup ad azdc (h calld Cpa ad ca cha, Cvm) waducd Bulaa ad raa, whch ll plac 6 ya la. Bh

cu a ll kp wa a h d sch z, ad ba d kp h c labu ak acc cz bh cu plac ul h la pbl dadl. th abp a eU ud akd by u hc ad bh cu cu hld h lw p h eU h a cac dad h ll pay. nhl, h appal a h eU Bulaaa hh p pll.

sc h b a a alaa ad a pladcy dcacy ad ak cy, Bulaa ha qud eupa ppc. o way eU acc, al hada pcal pac ad cplcad h acc pc. th cuy wadppd h up 8 cadda Cal ad ea eup, huh Bulaa wa a h a Aca A, whchd c Fbuay 1995.

Yulaa all apa l cfc ad h cc ba aa h b h 90 pducd cdabl cllaal daa hBulaa cy, whch had alady b dabld by adcal ak

, ad a bh h ad c wk whch w cu h h day. th, ald h --aly-pld cc adcal , cbud ly plac Bulaa - whch h b a wa cpabl cc dlp wh cu

lesss leed: Buikisi viei,

MEP, Progressive Alliance o Socialists and Democrats, S&D Group, European Parliament

StatE oF play anD lESSonS lEarnEDkrIStIan vIgEnIn


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lk Huay ad Czchlaka a h b h c-p-capa ad

gDP ak eup. th cu a h aj plcal c hcuy allwd Bulaa apply mbhp a h d 1995. Hw,acal pbl whch ld lkd bak alu, a ca dca gDP ad a plcal c 1996 1997 lwd dw h ppaa acc h cuy.

th wa a pd du whch lkd a Bulaa wa bly allbhd h h Cee cu ad wa h way b dppd h l adaachd h y z, whch wa hw h Balka appad a h .th ha k plac K, h w wa w u bd ad hnAto pa, acually pd a ppuy Bulaa. th eU lald ha pac ad ably h culd ly b accplhd adaad cu lk Bulaa ad raa cd a cdbl mbhpppc. shly a h K c, h acc a wad ad bh cu al bca nAto b.

th pc acc a qud ca hBulaa publc ada a ly wa wll ppad .th a pcdd a alc way; c w ad;

lla wa adpd, bu h pla h lla l a lax ad ud h cp h a. th pala wa ad h ubac h pc l wa ducd a bdy ha

ju ad h c ad by h xcu pw.

th lack bh apacy ad a al a h al capabl h a ld la d h al a h awh h a pblac chap w cld a uh d h

Acc tay b d Apl 2005 ju b h al lc

Bulaa.th al a h acc pc pd b h cplcad.Paalll h pd up h aca pc, al bca claha a ub c had b pcd, clud adca lla. F w ccu ya, h Bulaa pala wwhu a u bak d cach up. i akabl ha du hal-wk a cal July 2005, h palacad w ad-hc c lal aa ad eupa a- whch whu dlay d play h da lla ppad by h

pu . iably, wk ud h pu , pa h lla pd b uc qualy. th acual plcal uaallwd lbby x, whch had h d wh h ppaa acc, d h way law ha w a ap eU lla.


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oh cha, lad h judcay ad al aa, pd b c

uc cp, ad a acc, cu b pd h day.

s i ak yl whh Bulaa culd ha cpd wh h pc quckly ad uccully; whh w culd ha add hak w ad; whh h C udad u pbl ad whh cad accua pcp ad xpca Bulaa cya a whl ad a h plcal l pacula. such qu, whch ay ucay, a ac qu la, w ha h W Balka cua ul ackl la pbl h way h eU.

Lk back w, 5 ya a h acc Bulaa h eU, i wuld ul aj pbl whch w h udad wh lu dd jy adqua upp h C.

F, h h judcay ad al aa. th h judcayy ad h my i w ad h b h 90 h cx a hhly plcd cy. Bh w a aj uwhch h alaa b 1989 ud x cl h cz

ad, accdly, h d la-cal , bh ual ad pal,wa ky hh. th ly ad h judcal y dpd, buacually pu byd h ach ay cl ac ad a ayaccuably b h h w pw ad h cz, hu dy hy chck ad balac. th apd cha ld d whch, , uld a jud l al lack al uwll juc- uch a dlay pa cu ca; h ably b hh-plu ad c juc; ad a l cuy ly hpa cz bu al h bu wld, wh culd ly quck ad

c dly juc. th y wa fawd by cup, cfc , cal pl dc ad . A h a , h h my i dd pduc h xpcd ul h. may hC ak h cu h acc a w adqualy addd h p wa ld lla cha, whch dd pduc ay abl ul.

i huld b d, hw, ha h al c h C wcu. g ha h a c eU adad h aa ad hah b a ha ad h judcal y d way, h

eupa C xp pdd d adc h Bulaa auhdpd h aaly ad h h kwld a ca y.i ll b h awkwad ad ua ua h ul ajy hpala h b 2006 wh, cdd by ad a cula



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wh h C, cha h Bulaa Cu w adpd,

whch w ca h accuably h judcay. th day a, h hC ela ud a a wa ha h chaadpd w ha h dpdc h judcal y. nw cha h Cu had b ducd.

i h d, h judcal y ald p c; h lack abl ul h cup ad ad c; ad h cpda ad a b a ld a cp lu:Bulaa ad raa w accd h eU 1 Jauay 2007 a plad,bu ubjc a cpa ad ca cha h aa judcayad al aa. thuh h l h cha ud ah p, wa ulad h way d ad h wd ,whch wuld ply qualy h w w b a cpad h h eU. th cha ll plac h day, wh al chac b ld ay . Bulaa ad raa k d hl a hula ua wh h w b a, Caa, acually wll b h 26 cu alua h.

icdally, h C lad l ad ah appach wa

appld Caa ad duc a cha a hacc, Caa wa qud buld a cdbl ack cd h aabhad. th appach pd b uccul, ad h acadda h alk wll b uh h a chap lad

judcay ad udaal h ad juc, d ad cuy (23 & 24) wd b pd ad cld la h cu h a. thappach ca a addal pu ach abl ad uaablul wll b h acc da.

th w appach c, c h ca cha dd pduc p ul. o h had, h p-acc chapd h xal pu upp h , whch h waycad h cd ay pbl b ully addd. o h hhad, hw, wa ud a plcal wap aly ud bh by hul ajy ad h pp d h cuy h la phah a ak h p, ad h , cca plcal cuca h p ak, jy duda ca. thu, wc a ya Fbuay b h publca h p, ad July b h ull p publhd - cy whl

a cu h pbl ad h cdd au, bu h plcal pa. th p Bulaa ha


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cla da whh wa h cha b ld a plac

a d pd . th a a p, h ac ha w cla ybdy ha h cha ha alady playd l hull, ha h pd h l dpd up ad ha ly pd h ud Bulaa ad raa jy a la wca ya a hhly a ca h eupa da. Hc, adc ad cup ha w b acad wh Bulaa ad raa 6 ya, ad pd a d alb h b a ay u hplh. i pcly h p whch ha pdd a juca hnhlad blck h acc Bulaa ad raa h sch

A ya, huh h a wdpad cu aall eU u ad akhld ha h w cu ha all hca.

lESSon lEarnED: Do your job in time, and accede to the EU ully prepared,with no additional individual monitoring mechanisms

A cd pbl lad h wll Bulaa j h euzquckly. i h cx h cc b bw 2005 ad 2008, hcuy aly cpld wh h maach ca wh h xcp hfa a, whch wa lhly hh ha h c alu. th ccc, hw, al ally ud way Bulaa ad a ya hubud uplu, h accuula dc ad 2009. th w ad h m Fac w dd b h dcblw 3%. r h a ad buly whu ay kwld eU ul, hy d accplh h by cu pay buad lw dw h bu alu addd ax. th, al wh hducd cd uc aalabl, h dcad dc ad aaldad ad h dp c, cad a dadly cba all addu p. icpay dbd haply cad, huad all cpa w bakup, ad ly huad ppll h jb, bu h cpa adcad h p du hkbu ad h h ual. th al wa achd, Bulaa dd h erm ii, ad ad, h cy wa ucad. nw h paddal dcul h maach ca ad , 3 ya la,w a ll cl h du a acal, cal ad bud

ably whch ha b pad by h cz ad all ad du p,ul cud y a la pa h ppula.



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lESSon lEarnED: Do not rush into the next stages o the integration.

Eurozone membership should not be a goal in itsel; it should be realisedwhen the country is truly ready or it.

th ppaa bhp, a ud u, ly l h adpad pla lla. i add, a dp aa hcy dd ad a -u h pcpl ad h alu whch bad. th ak ad uppd cuuly ad uly

uh, ucly wll aad, ad ully xplad by h plcal l, ca bc caufa, u whch pp ad cfc dca . A ha accplhd h ula al eU bhp- h d pd xcpally ca cu. o hcu Bulaa. td h hyp-bla du h accpc pd by h aj plcal c, cz dcdd achac a w plcal c, ablhd by a lad wh d duca,ha cal pa ad quabl ac kll. Ppul hupald ud a, xpcd b d h pala,ad h ad publc ada w lld wh cp

ad a, wh cu quckly c ad , whu akay dc ad bc ubjc ppula jk.

th u pbl, hw, ha h pay ad lad qud bac u dcly lad h Cpha ca. A ub PmB a b h 2009 lc, a wll a h ac a hlc, h d h labl ad accpabl. H dad pak au wld dca h pa; ul pa hc adh a upcdd a; dd ad a hly

bw au pal up ad ca aal apahy. H bl , hw, la h ull ub h da: cwh h dal plc, clud a h pal ll; h hap ca h u pcal ullac dc, plcal pup; hau ca xc u c ad abu auhy by h plc,clud wad plcal u; a apula, ada pu,ad buy ad aud du h lcal ad pdal lc 2011.th dlp, wh aa h backud la d h Cal ad ea eupa cu, qu h uaablyad bly h pc dcaa, ad pbly call h ablh adqua pc cha aa uchdlp eU b a. Uualy, whl h ul ad cl


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aa uch a cy ad buday plcy bc caly pcc,

cla ad c, h bac pcpl ad alu h eU a bacallyupcd aa la. Whl, ay h aa, p dcaa paly lad h uccul pla lla, adapd h eU adad, h aa dcacy ad udaal h, p lad a dp aa cy. i ak a cdabl au , ha up ad dw ad d cuu h ad upp.

lESSon lEarnED: This is primarily a challenge or the EU itsel: a

mechanism should be developed or the monitoring and assessment o thecontinuous compliance o the member states with the membership criteria.Experience shows that EU accession itsel is only an encouragement andnot an automatic guarantee o progress in the implementation o thesecriteria.

La bu la ah cucal u whch phap h abl h cz h w b a h abp eU ud. th eUupp h l dlpd cu Cal ad ea eup wa apa l ula cach-up dlp. i wa al a paau ud by plcal c juy h d cua hpaul ually all ph. th a pbl acd by all cuad pcally Bulaa, wa ha hy w uabl buld a cpada whch wa capabl aa h cplcad pc abp eU ud , whl, a h a , h C

buly udad h pbl. e huh h C hhly cc b a, w ca u a bld y hac ha ad Bulaa ada capacy. m, hC ld h Bulaa auh, wh k ad ha hcuy wa ully ppad ak h pbl h bhp h aa. th a aa p-acc ud eU udud u b a uay ak Bulaa ad a a cucal hcuy, ud w blckd. th whch ld h cuy heU had uly h aal eU ud aa y. ehuh h w ad whl h , hy pducd p

ul. Hw, h x dcdd cu h bu ca a w ucu whch k a addal 6 h ablh.e day, Bulaa ak lw wh ad abp capacy; h



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buaucacy xc; bu ad ngo a dcuad apply

eU ud du ad acal adju whch a ad ya a hcpl h pjc, ad du h dlay h al alua hpjc whch ak h pla h pjc al.F ac, cpa p h w uc d cah cp, ad dal wh h lw ad cplcadpcdu h opaal Pa Cp. m, huld b d ha h cplcad pc ly b blad h qu h C, bu al ul h aud h Bulaa ada a 2008-2009. A a whl, h pbldhd h plcal c h mbhp a ca x adwakd a adaa, .. h ppuy ca hcp h cy ad h l adad h ppula ah upp eU ud. Hc, 6 ya a h acc, Bulaa auch alc h pcp ad xpca ad allyudad ha mbhp pd ppu. Hw h ppuwll b uld ly dpd h cuy ad cz.

lESSon lEarnED: The issue o building adequate administrative capacityor the management o EU unds is crucial or the candidate countries. Itshould be guaranteed that the Instrument or Pre-accession Assistancewill represent a preparatory phase, which will create the conditions orsmooth transition to the management and absorption o EU unds. This isa common task and responsibility or the Commission and the respectivecandidate country.

i wuld lk u up by a ha aa eU bhp ly a pha h pc adual a a cuy h eupa aly.Phap a h pa, bu bhp ll ju a p had whch cu a h uphal ac huh h d. i ha uchd ab up h pa chall acd by w ba, bu i h a ah ddual ad cuy-pcc. t a aw: h ul a pcc, uqu l h eU ual -up; h

cc ddual cbu eU plc; h c pacpa hplcy-ak pc; h ula ad acula h aal h dc-ak pc, ad ad h.


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Wha huld whu ay ha h eU pdd pac, ably

ad pdcably h a; cad cuy cz; hda h cy ad paly, da hcy ach b a. e huh h cph c whchh eU d l bld ca a hadw h accplh,bhp ll aac. i bl wll b l b w abh hz ad ay h pbl w ac day a ld.


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StatE oF play anD lESSonS lEarnEDanDraS InotaI

each la h eupa Cuy ad h eupa U -a 1973, huh h h ad h b ba 2004ad 2007 - had paly la, bu a la x, d au. thla ca b abud h d a h a pc awll a h d ll dlp ad p h acccu. th, l lad pu la ha lyld pac uu b. Caly, ky l ca b

hlpul bu adad pa ca b cpd bldly ad. n h pa adad au ca ubu caul dlp h a ay h pc cuy. th chap ula, p, al l ad xpc wh acc/bhp bad h la 2004, al, ad h Huaaca pacula. A h apply bhp, h caddacuy ha dy h a why wh j h eupa U.Hw, h appach ad -dd la pc.

obuly, h accd cu dd h bac . thy cluddplcal, cc ad ual ca. i Cal ad ea eupacu, eupa a wa cdd b a fual plcalu h ably a upcdd plcal ad c-cc aa. i add, all() cu, h aawk wa xpcd cu a balac cx wh la(hbu) cu. i cc , hacd ad ad dc (ul ad, cu u ad ud alak), ccula labu ad acal a w padly

d. Fally, l pha wa pu h pbably pacp bhp, aly ull-fdd pacpa h dc-ak pc h eupa U. F ad (ld) acal

a Hui pesecieads Ii,

Researcher, Institute or World Economics, Research Center or Economic and Regional Studies othe Hungarian Academy o Sciences


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a ca b achd whu bhp, bu c-hap dc

ly pbl wh. ily, h qu wha kd eupaa Cal ad ea eupa cu wuld lk j adlaly h backud. th wa pbly du h aup ha,dly, ybdy wa j a fual, cp, uu-d eUha, ay apc, ca accplh h l a lbal play ad, a a ul,ca h au b cu. m, h eU wacdd b a p y, bh h ud wld ad wad paluh la. Fally, l dlpd w b (ad all cuha accdd 2004 ad 2007 w h cay), h lday hw byh eU wa pa.

i h all cuca plcy h accd cu, h balac bwxpca ad al, bu al bw (ujud) a adal wa aly ablhd. th acc pc wa ca(hhly) plcd ad ud ud by d dc plcal up/pa, accd h h- pw lad . th, a bacl ha a ac dc uch a j a b ad fual club d ly la-cal plcal cu bu al balacd ad alc a b

h publc. th la huld da bw h- ad l pac. i add, ha b ad cla ha dc ha lly p a cquc. iad, pala la pbl a adall pbl l huld b h a. Balacd a ca a publcp ujud xpca ha, llw bhp, ca aly lad wdpad dapp a-eU aud. i u, ujud aca da pal b bhp , w, ca h ba dac ad ppul plcal pa wh dabl pac h dcplcal c.

A cla a ay llw acc a cucal ac ucculadju ad ull-fdd bhp. idd, all w b dlpda l apa ay h acc a a.Hw, a h p ach h al acc (abu w yab bhp bca cal), h cadda cu cdd hak accplhd. A a ul, w b ha dlpd a du ay hw d ad pc ky ac llwbhp. obuly, h w ad , a h acc

pc h sch z a al ald appach hmaach ca ad qualy bhp h euz, da.Hw, hy dd pa a cph a ay whch


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culd ha b ual d ak b u h chad p

h pc cuy wh h eupa U, whch uch hasch euz.

ec bhp cucally dpd h ad h publcada. i h cx, udaal w udak duh dcad bw applca ad h ach bhp.

Adju w a bac pcd a ad uccully ccludacc a. Hw, p h upu h publcada d d wh bhp. F, h eU a aawh a caly ca acquis communautaire, ha aal publcada ha cp paly wh w adju ak. scd,a pulad h acc a, pa h adju wa d h pd a bhp. taal au (xcp) had b pld bh h ld ad h w b a accd a ul-aual abl. thd, bhp cd h publcada wh w plcy chall (ull-fdd pacpa hdc-ak pc) ad wh h c abp laly cadeU a. Fuh, h ccy balac bw h aal, al

ad lcal ll publc ada had b cad. Fh, la ub h eU-xp ducad ad ad du h dcad h accpc ud d jb al eU u lbby aa. A acquc, aa h publc ada ad al upl hc bcau a had b pad h duca a cd-a xp wh culd ha b abl plac h-a wh a h a pc. th ac call a cph ad wad lk a h publc ada all ll wll b acc ccu.

Ah pa l ccd wh h dpabl. o cu, ay ha b cad u b acc,c hy a pa h cd bhp. Hw, hca b ppd h pd a acc. thy clud lkd aal aa (.. , labu ak, acc eUcz aculual lad) bu al aa wh h xpc reorm atigue du h eU-lad ad acclad pla pc. th a a la w a why ky

huld b pld b acc. F, d aa caxpc ak b u ull-fdd bhp. scd, a aldby h xapl w b, acual bhp ally lw



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dw dya. thu, ay b ppd upd, wh

a cquc cuu adju ad uaabl wh adcp - a bac ac uccul bhp l dlpdw b cu.

mbhp ha acd al cc aa ply, bu dd. tad wh h eU wa alady al b acc, wh hxcp aculual pduc. Full lbala aculual adld apdly ca eU xp w b wh aculual cculd cp wh w cp (Balc, paly Huay), bu had a yp pac aculual xp wll-ppad cu ( Plad).th ally pcacula pac ad ca b dd by lk a h adbw h w b cu. B bhp, hy ulaly appldc au ha had dappa a h bhp. A aul, ad a h Cal eupa cu, a h Balc sa awll a a 2007 bw Bulaa ad raa ald a upcdddya ly claly upa h aa wh a-eU ad bukp pac wh ad wh h lad c a wll.m dc acpad la wll b h al

plcal dc w ad. sll, dpd h w b cuyal plcal ad cc capac, h fw capal cudad -wd w h pay bca h al addya a h w b cu. Facal a h eU h l dlpd w b a cad al a 2007, whh w acal awk bca c ( h h ya, bw2004 ad 2006 uch fw w ld by h ca bul h pu-ya acal awk d 2006). Labu ak c h eU-15 w adually ld, bu wh ay a cuy

cuy. Labu bly h w b hwd ubaal dc awll. Whl Plad ad h Balc ha laly ud h w ppu,Czch, sl ad Huaa w uch l bl, p lcdaa ad (cpu ad a chly ilad ad paally h Ud Kd, a wll a cu Aua ad gay). Fally,bu dc ca b dd cc ppaa bhp h ecc ad may U (sla, slaka ad ea haadpd h u, ca h lack hua h la w ba uch a Plad, h Czch rpublc ad Huay).

ela h ea daacally chad h xal bd h eU. icad w hbu: Blau, Uka ad mlda, a wll a h WBalka cu; gc a cal lk h h eU a


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Bulaa. eU plc fcd h aphc h a ld x ly.th ca b xplad by w ac. F, hy bad plcy cdawh dply d d (ad ll u yp aah ea) ad plac. scd, d a, h w bcu dd al ha hy had ppd b -dd plcy-ak,a ua ha ally chaacd h acc a pc.i ac, wh ull-fdd bhp hy d h a ac plcy-hap ( cu plcy-ak). nhl, h adah l h ya bhp. o ca ly u whh

h bhau wa du a pld la pc; h lack a claa ay; a hcally dd l y; alack al cpa. nhl, h ac ha ul d 2012 uw b aud h eU Pdcy Cucl p (sla, Czch



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rpublc, Huay, Plad) ca b cdd a a auy bhp

ad ay ca h cp ac plcy-hap ac a hCuy ll h x ya.

A uh l a h pbl accession atigue whchhuld b add uu b cu. th ph accessionatigue ca b xplad by al ac, uch a a h-ll aawh hal a a (h dcac ad cc aa, adju h eU ad h pac h lbal c). Hw, lack dalu wh hcy h b ad c eU bhp ad h aual cquc cc ad acal p w b (wh h paalxcp Plad) huld al b ak accu.Accession atigue, la enlargement atigue h ld b, ca b aly abud ad ud bydac ad ppul plca ha ha d huhu eup - a acquc h lbal c ad eup dcl l wld aa. i hcx, bh cuy-ll ad aal ac a uly qud.

o h p ad y dlca u h ap w

b cu bw a eU-c aud, ha xd bbhp, ad caly c plc a acc. tha cla cd a cuy acc h eU, dd hCpha (plu) ca. All applca ha ad u bh d bc b. Hw, c hy a hy allw hl ak p whch wuld dly ha cplcadh acc had ccud puly. such bhau ca b wd slaka, Plad ad cly a wd cal - Huay, whl hCaa aud ul h ya ad qu a wll. Uualy,

h eU ad aud ad al ( Bluc ialy) ad pdda d xapl h. Culy, h eU d ha a c adapa lal awk ad ac pla a hw uch la hbac ul dcacy ad h ak cy culd b acd. Acla p uly dd d ud h aalcdc ad u h eU a h uaa hua h ad dcacpcpl al, ad dy cdbly h hbucu (ea Pahp ad mdaa ba) pacula.

nw ad uu b cu ha b awa h ul-llpbl h cuy whch hy bca a xpcd bc ull-fdd b. F, hy a pbl aa h


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aal pua, h alu ad a p a h eupa U.

scdly, w b a jly pbl ackl plca ad pa publc p h ld b a wh ujud ypad pjudc aa h ea ll x. thd, w b huld hlpca a p aud wad accp addal b, aly hW Balka cu, cu h la-cpc publc p a ub b a. La, bu la, hy a pbl hdlp h w c, cz ad cy d cujy h b bl a ud eup ad l u h apdly cha w lbal d ad/ bc ha ad h c l-pd ad ulaal xp dpdc. i h cx, acla ac h eU al uly qud.


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tHE polItICS oF EnlargEmEntSErgEI StanISHEv

IntroDUCtIon

eupa cal ad cal dca ha alway b cd , ada h , la h W Balka. th pa w dcadha ay wad h . P bl ha pac,cuy ad ably h W Balka a al pac. Whl

h ac h c pa a u , h cu h , ald h eupa U pa, a ad au hpbly buld a pacul ad abl uu h ppl.

th ppc eU mbhp a d c al cpa,u buld, plcal ad plcal ably. t kp upu h eU acc pc h W Balka, d p a c p pac ad ably h ,a p pla la whch a udaal ad wp h W Balka ly dd.

th Pes ha b p-acly ld h W Balka c h d-1990 ad ha bul ld wk wh cal ad cal dcac plcalpa ad . th c lc c cal ad caldcac pa h W Balka, aly Caa, Ba adHza ad m, udc h d cal dcac d- h ad pd a p plcal pla h ala d ad p c. th dlp ha b uppdad uad. nw mbhp ad mbhp upad a h la Pes

C 2009, accpad by yaly Pes W Balka Ccad h a h Pes tak Fc W Balka la,ha uh hd h plcal py h cal aly.

the Chee Sci DecsSeei Sishe,President, Party o European Socialists (PES)

tHE polItICSoF EnlargEmEnt


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th wk h s&D gup h eupa Pala ha playd a cucal l

-- h p wd day, pcally hak h rappu ad gup Cha. nwhad h chall ha a bacd h eU, al ha h la pc ,abadd lcd.

Ha ld h cucal a h acc pc Bulaa h eupa U a P m, i bl d a cpleupa uu h by buld a uually bcal lahpbad up a w all ha a a w, ud, dcac eup a eup lac, dalu, lday ad cpa.

tHE WEStErn BalkanS anD tHE EU

i c ya, h ha ad ca adac wad eUacc hw h p-eupa aud h cu h WBalka. sba, m ad h F Yula rpublc macda(FYrom) jd h eU a la 2009. Albaa ad Ba adHza jd h a lbala la 2010. i h pa

h h ha b w ucc h la pc, whCaa Acc tay nb 2011 (wh Pes Pm Za mla ad h s&D gup eupa Pala rappuHa swbda), whl a h a m wa a da ha a (wh Pes P m i Luk ad Pes Palaspak rak Kkap) ad sba cd cadda au (wh PesPd B tad). eU mbhp ha b a a a ad ccla ac h W Balka. mu huld b lad a wd adap la u b wly pld.

th W Balka cu ac al ky dadl. ia wh heU a h ly way ach al cuy, ably ad ccppy. th eU huld c h pac h cu plcal suh ea eup, a u hap h ueupa chaac, wh cu a ad dcul pcwhch a dply a h c. th p plcal adcc dalu achd c ya h a ppuy b p ad cla wh ul p ad dcd up h acdd ach uaabl cc dlp ad p cal

plc ad a p l cd.


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Hua h adad ad judcal ha ly pd, adhc

h ul law ha cad ad h pc ccla ha akaj p wad. th Pes wlc h p dlp adwll lad u eU cz ha a w wad lk a h , ad la a ca h pa. th al d l h a chall h pah wad eU bhp.C al ad uh al cpa a al.

A c dd p all ac acly wk wadeU bhp h W Balka. th a w eup up pla la. th Pes, a h eupa plcal aly cd eupa a h Balka, ly d hw , ak ull ck h thalk eupa Cucl dclaa 2003, whch pula h eU alu ad h cua la h awk h sably ad Aca Pc (sAP). i call hlu pa dpu ad huaaa u a wll a hhlhh pac al cpa ad cc ppy alably. ou lday ad upp uwa ad w ladly wlc h wad eU bhp.

Byd h chall a aal au p W Balka cu,clud K, h ac ucu Ba ad Hza (BH),h a u h FYr macda ad h plcal Albaa, cucal ak u all u aalabl ad a dca upp h la pc bh h eU ad cu h . o d, ppul hc ca c h eU ha dlpdcaly dcu enlargement atigue, a a adad c. o h h d, w w ppl wh l a l eUppc h W Balka . A h a h a dca

by h eU ad b a. A a ul h pac lwdw ad h k aal, dy ad a dcu .

th l cu eU a wad h W Balka plcy aa ad bud a qually cal. W d h a d eU dc plc fcd h a h eU wad h WBalka. tha : a pha accc wh ll cu jb,, cal wla, halhca, duca ad h . th al fcd h cu iu P-Acc Aac (iPA)ucu ad h ably c kll ha, aac phcad

ad p cal juc ad wh. oall, h eUacal u cu uch aucu ad u buld. Ad h h a qu bud.



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th eU pd l ad l y p capa acal aac

cpad pu acc ad ca h cuy ap caly lw. th why cucal u hh ccy ad ax pac. th w appach by h eupa C bh a wh h chap d add h dlca u aly h acc pc ad h cu dcu iPA a pa p h h dc.

eupa cal dca ca b pud h cbu ha hpa a h W Balka wh h eU u,aly h Hh rpa h U F Aa ad scuyPlcy Cah Ah, la C a Fl ad Pd h eupa Pala ma schulz.

th ya w ca l ha h pc aa; cu wh chall ad u, bu ha a w u. th la pc, c aa, cdbl ad pdcabl. th ucc Caa, sba adm a cla dc ha h d h eU a cld. Wha pa ha la cu, ha h a cuy hwh way. Caa ucc u b ud -z h la

pc, cua ppl h . i p ha h eU dl c. i pa buld h p u. Plcalpa u a a w cuc appach bad dalu ada cp. Plcal c h W Balka ca cu

jpad uu eU bhp ad h apa h ppl.

Bad y w xpc y a P m Bulaadu h acc pc i bl ha w kywd cu h yuda la: h Cpha ca ad plcal cu.

th la Pc a d l ad h cdaly upwhch bul al pac bh b ad a acc ac ad d dcac y. tday al eU cu ld byula-ca ad ppul , Huay h , aw pa dcac dc whch ha h ud alu h eU. elcal aud, plcally clld judcay, cd da dad uaccuabl c c appaau a ly h challp wh al eU b a ad cau ay call c adc Cpha ca ad cha whh eU l. Cu ap bc eU b u ak ck

h a xpc ad b abu h ad ualaa.


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th cd plla ha plcal cu. Plcal pa whch a

pbl ad uly cd acc h eU u ud ccuac u a ad acc h eU a a a h h- lcal a. oly a appach chaacd by bpaacu ca u w ad c adac h pah h eUbh wh h Pala ad ud. eU acc u b uld dac d.

EConomIC, SoCIal anD grEEn polICIES

i h wak h cc ad cal c, pa c h a w u, a pc back ack, a wd ppc acc h eU ca ad walhy c h ,whch a cally clu ad a. tday c-cc pbl uch a awak cal wla y, p acc halh ca ad cal cad alaly hh uply a cal chall h WBalka . th pac h lbal cc c h c h , whch had alady b ul wh hh uply adubaal publc dc, ha b . s cal wla y a

h u pac p a uh py ad cal xclu.i h W Balka h ub cally dadaad p yhh bu h ll ud h pc y lw. s c addal h publc c cay u h calclu cally ad ccally dadaad ad ulabl up,uch a hc , dabld p, yuh ad h ldly.

t buld a ccally , ad cally ju W Balka,plc d pha a cal d, cb ply

plc wh cal pc ad cal clu plc d hpy ad duc qualy. i paalll, cu h huld wad lw cab c, whl uaa a a a wkdu h pc. A cu huld b pu a, ach adll la a a jb ca. Fally a huld bpld ad al dpay, h ad u, uual acc qualy publc c ad pw cl cy.

i h aah h c h d a wh, jb ad caljuc. P plc al ppy, wh a w h eU 2020

Ada, d b pu plac. th W Balka ha a al l play h ala h 2020 Ada, whch ha b ad cueU plc -- h W Balka. th W Balka cu



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d cally clu ad uaabl ply plc. Cz d

jb ca pa, publc duca ad a. th ppula h ha b acly ad h plcal ad cc pchuh cad lcal whp ca a , upp ad dyacba eU bhp.

eU ud h W Balka a dd cc ucu, dh al dlp dpa ad h adac ualaa a wll a h adp au chcal adad. i h cx, ha b aud ha ppl, h wla ad h ppu a hcal cu. t h d, h d cally clu ad uaabldlp plc. th chall eU la plc d uaa cal ably, clu c ad uaabl wh hW Balka cu u ha a ca pp eU ud allcad cal au a ppd ac-cc a.i h way wla dld ad h eU a pc d dad h pc ppl c-cc h. o h achall h eU h W Balka clda h wlaa by h h publc c ad h upply publc c d a pc h d ad p a clu cy

h b h ppl.


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tHE DangEr oF natIonalISm

Du h la w dcad h W Balka ha ly ud adcul pd cc ad plcal a, bu w ha al wdh h-aal al cu, al wh pbl aal dy, a a ad h xclu . Whl hp-eupa d- cu b all cy,h plcal ph ad dc plc a, ac,akd by a wh aal dc.

th l- aal ada h-w lad h WBalka ay lad hc d, du dcac u,cc aa ad w py. th p aal ca a a-dcac cla ad a aj ha hpacul ad abl dlp h . Fuh, udul-hc c, cay ad h ppc acc h eU. th a chall h W Balka c haal apa ad hc, whch a ll a dc pa plcalculu cu. th ay h pa u b c buld a abl ad ppu uu chaacd by d ad c

dcac.

th ly way buld dcac ad ul-hc c, whch ackwldad p all , huh dalu ad al cpa.Lad u h p aly ha hw h da ac accd uch pcpl. th hcal p ak by Pd tad,Pd Jp ad Pd K a a dl h a awhl.

Plcal ably ad dcac wak u b addd. naalha b ly adcad ad a w ph uccul ppul, a lwh eup, ca a hadw h pah dcacy,pac ad cuy. L publc cdc plcal pa, a wll a hch

Eu Enlargement Anno 2012

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