EU Development Policy September 2008. What is Development ? Our ambition: A Global Actor Our...
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Transcript of EU Development Policy September 2008. What is Development ? Our ambition: A Global Actor Our...
EU DevelopmentEU Development Policy Policy
September 2008September 2008
What is Development ?What is Development ?
Our ambition: A Global ActorOur ambition: A Global Actor• StabilityStability• ProsperityProsperity• SolidaritySolidarity
3 keys ideas:3 keys ideas:• Response to globalizationResponse to globalization• At EU levelAt EU level• At the heart of EU external actionAt the heart of EU external action
““Three pillars”Three pillars”
Common Foreign Common Foreign and Security and Security
PolicyPolicy Both the Both the
Commission and Commission and the MS have right the MS have right of iniativeof iniative
Council takes Council takes decisionsdecisions
European European Parliament Parliament provides opinions provides opinions
Full participation Full participation by the by the CommissionCommission
The European The European CommunityCommunity
Commission has Commission has right of initiative right of initiative
Council takes Council takes decisionsdecisions
The Parliament The Parliament participates in participates in decision makingdecision making
Justice and Justice and Home AffairsHome Affairs
Both the Both the Commission and Commission and the MS have right the MS have right of iniativeof iniative
Council takes Council takes decisionsdecisions
European European Parliament Parliament provides opinions provides opinions
Full participation Full participation by the by the CommissionCommission
Development Policy in the Development Policy in the UnionUnion
””Mixed Competence”Mixed Competence”• Member States’ bilateral cooperation Member States’ bilateral cooperation
is within MS independent competence, is within MS independent competence, • The Community development The Community development
cooperation is Community competence cooperation is Community competence • But: the Commission has right of But: the Commission has right of
initiative to promote coordination and initiative to promote coordination and cooperation, ”EU development policy”cooperation, ”EU development policy”
The Role of different institutionsThe Role of different institutions Commission provides initiativesCommission provides initiatives Commission administers and implements The Commission administers and implements The
Community development financing and cooperationCommunity development financing and cooperation Council takes decisions on Community development Council takes decisions on Community development
cooperation on the basis of Commission initiatives. cooperation on the basis of Commission initiatives. Decides on the budget together with the Parliament. Decides on the budget together with the Parliament.
Parliament has the right to decide on the budget with Parliament has the right to decide on the budget with the Council (NB: not the EDF). Parliament has its own the Council (NB: not the EDF). Parliament has its own international cooperation (EU-ACP joint Parliamentary \international cooperation (EU-ACP joint Parliamentary \
(EIB administers concessional investment finances to (EIB administers concessional investment finances to developing countries.) developing countries.)
Legal basisLegal basis
Decision makingDecision making Always based on the Treaty, the Union has Always based on the Treaty, the Union has
to have competence on the matter; to have competence on the matter; Development cooperation, TEU art 177- Development cooperation, TEU art 177- 181 and the Cotonou agreement 181 and the Cotonou agreement
Legal basisLegal basis Defines the extent of the union mandate, Defines the extent of the union mandate,
the modus operandi and the decision the modus operandi and the decision making process. Grey area: Community making process. Grey area: Community vs. CFSP, ODA-eligibilityvs. CFSP, ODA-eligibility
The biggest donorThe biggest donor
The EU is the largest ODA donor: 57 % of The EU is the largest ODA donor: 57 % of global ODA in 2006: global ODA in 2006:
The EU collectively devoted 0,42 % of its gross The EU collectively devoted 0,42 % of its gross national income to development aid in 2006 (€ national income to development aid in 2006 (€ 48 billion)48 billion)
The EU has committed to collectively achieve The EU has committed to collectively achieve 0,56 % ODA/GNI by 2010. The individual limit 0,56 % ODA/GNI by 2010. The individual limit for “old MS” 0,51 and for new ones, “new” for “old MS” 0,51 and for new ones, “new” 0,17 by 2010 and 0,7 and 0,33 by 2015 0,17 by 2010 and 0,7 and 0,33 by 2015 respectivelyrespectively
FinancesFinances
10% of the Community budget to 10% of the Community budget to external finances external finances
Development cooperation was 82 % Development cooperation was 82 % of the Community external budget of the Community external budget 82% payments average 6,2 billion € 82% payments average 6,2 billion € 20052005
ODA:sta 44% to Africa, 18% Asia, 7% ODA:sta 44% to Africa, 18% Asia, 7% America, 12% Europe, 1% Oceania America, 12% Europe, 1% Oceania (2005)(2005)
What is Development ?What is Development ?
The external action “Tool Box”The external action “Tool Box”• HumanitarianHumanitarian• Political dialoguePolitical dialogue• Reconstruction & developmentReconstruction & development• TradeTrade• CFSPCFSP
Policy coherence!Policy coherence! Examples: DRC, Sudan, Haiti, Bolivia, Examples: DRC, Sudan, Haiti, Bolivia,
BangladeshBangladesh
European Consensus on European Consensus on DevelopmentDevelopment
Part I: Part I: ”The European Union vision on development””The European Union vision on development” sets sets out common objectives and principles for development out common objectives and principles for development cooperationcooperation
Part II: Part II: ”The European Community Development Policy””The European Community Development Policy” defines how the Community will implement its vision set defines how the Community will implement its vision set out in the first partout in the first part
Main objective is poverty reductionMain objective is poverty reduction
Development Finance:Development Finance:financial framework for 2007-2013financial framework for 2007-2013
Two main sources of financing:Two main sources of financing:1. Budget1. Budget2. European Development Fund (EDF)2. European Development Fund (EDF)
New financial framework for external financing:New financial framework for external financing: Development Cooperation Instrument (DCI), Cooperation with Development Cooperation Instrument (DCI), Cooperation with
Industrialised and other high-income Countries and territories (ICI), Industrialised and other high-income Countries and territories (ICI), European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights (EIDHR), European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights (EIDHR), Instrument for Pre-Accession (IPA), European Neighbourhood and Instrument for Pre-Accession (IPA), European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI), Instrument for Stability, Instrument Partnership Instrument (ENPI), Instrument for Stability, Instrument for nuclear safety cooperation (INSC), Humanitarian aidfor nuclear safety cooperation (INSC), Humanitarian aid
Policy must lead instruments + ensuring overall policy Policy must lead instruments + ensuring overall policy coherencecoherence
Simplifying structures and proceduresSimplifying structures and procedures
Development Cooperation Development Cooperation InstrumentInstrument
2007-2013 €16 897 million; 5 geographic and 5 thematic 2007-2013 €16 897 million; 5 geographic and 5 thematic programmes + program for ACP Sugar Protocol countriesprogrammes + program for ACP Sugar Protocol countries
Primary and overarching objectives are eradication of Primary and overarching objectives are eradication of poverty and pursuit of the MDGs, promotion of democracy, poverty and pursuit of the MDGs, promotion of democracy, good governance and respect for human rights and the rule good governance and respect for human rights and the rule of law.of law.
100 % geographic programmes and 90 % thematic 100 % geographic programmes and 90 % thematic programmes Official Development Assistance (ODA)programmes Official Development Assistance (ODA)
The DCI committeeThe DCI committee
ACP-EU cooperationACP-EU cooperation 10th European Development Fund (EDF) for the years 2008-2013:10th European Development Fund (EDF) for the years 2008-2013:
€ € 22,682 billion: € 21 966 million for ACP countries, € 286 million 22,682 billion: € 21 966 million for ACP countries, € 286 million for OCTs and € 430 million for supporting functionsfor OCTs and € 430 million for supporting functions
EU’s Strategy for Africa → EU-Africa Joint StrategyEU’s Strategy for Africa → EU-Africa Joint Strategy
Good Governance - Governance ProfilesGood Governance - Governance Profiles
Economic Partnership Agreements, EPAsEconomic Partnership Agreements, EPAs
Migration and developmentMigration and development
Implementation regulation & establishment of the new EDF Implementation regulation & establishment of the new EDF Committee: new CSPsCommittee: new CSPs
EU cooperation: added Value?EU cooperation: added Value? Commission specific role: also a political actor Commission specific role: also a political actor
and institution with a global presenceand institution with a global presence Contacts and history of cooperation through a Contacts and history of cooperation through a
wide range of instruments (Cotonou, wide range of instruments (Cotonou, Mediterranean...) Mediterranean...)
Initiator: Potential for harmonisation and pushing Initiator: Potential for harmonisation and pushing forward the development agendaforward the development agenda
Access to other Community instruments, Access to other Community instruments, providing policy coherence (trade, fisheries..)providing policy coherence (trade, fisheries..)
Coordination with other EU-policies, CFSP, JHA Coordination with other EU-policies, CFSP, JHA etc. etc.
Future ChallengesFuture Challenges
Programming: credibility checkProgramming: credibility check MigrationsMigrations BRICS & othersBRICS & others EPA’sEPA’s