EU and the World

• The EU maintains diplomatic relations with nearly all countries in the world.

• It has strategic partnerships with key international players, • is deeply engaged with emerging powers around the globe, • and has signed bilateral Association Agreements with a number of states in its

vicinity.

• Abroad, the Union is represented by a number of EU Delegations, which have a similar function to those of an embassy.

• The European Union plays an important role in international affairs through

• diplomacy, • trade, • development aid and • cooperation with global organisations.

The European Union: 500 million people – 28 countries

Member states of the European Union

Candidate and potential candidate countries

Climate change – a global challenge

To stop global warming, EU leaders decided in 2007 to:

4 reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20% by 2020 (30% if other developed

countries do likewise)

4 improve energy efficiency by 20% by 2020

4 raise the share of renewable energy to 20% by 2020 (wind, solar, hydro

power, biomass)

Energy sources in a changing world

Fuel used in EU in 2010, as share of total

Oil35%

Gas25%

Nuclear13%Coal

16% Renewables10%

39%

84%

62%

100%

53%

OilCoal Gas Nuclear(uranium)

Renewables All types of fuel

0%

Share of fuel imported from outside the EU in 2010

Research - investing in the knowledge society

Spending on research and development in 2010 (% of GDP)

2.0%

3.0%

1.5%

2.9%

3.4%

EU EU objective2020

China Japan United States

Solidarity in practice: the EU cohesion policy

2007-2013: €347 billion invested for infrastructure, business, environment and training of workers for less well-off regions or citizens

4 Regional fund

4 Social fund

4 Cohesion fund

Convergence objective: regions with GDP per capita under 75% of the EU average. 81.5% of the funds are spent on this objective.

Regional competitiveness and employment objective.

The EU: an exporter of peace and prosperity

4 World trade rules

4 Common foreign and security policy

4 Development assistance and humanitarian aid

EU runs the peacekeeping operations and the rebuilding of society in

war-torn countries like Bosnia-Herzegovina.

LOME AND COTONOU

“capitalism with conscience” - Christian Democracy

“conscience with capitalism” - Left

“capitalism with good heart” - Right

“conscientious capitalism” - new Centre

Lome Convention 1975

• It was a comprehensive trade-and-aid agreement between the European Union (EEC) and 71 developing countries of Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific (ACP states). The main function of the Convention was to send aid directly to the ACP governments. Lome was revisited 4 times, Financial Protocols - (Lome I, II, III, IV). It expired in 2000 and was replaced with

• Signed in Benin in 2000. To be in force for 20 years. Articles 19-33 set out the “developmental strategies”, including “institutional development and capacity building.” The Agreement, on the one hand, is to be compatible with the WTO.

• On the other hand, it gives preferential status to the ACP vis-à-vis the EU. But unlike Lome, the aid given to the states is to be accounted for, which is why it is supervised by the EU. This is the “capacity building” and “institutional development” part.

Cotonou Agreement

Main points

• debt relief• measures to mitigate the effects of short-term fluctuations in

ACP states’ export earnings (Art. 68)• guarantees for private sector investment (art. 77)

The EU is the biggest provider of development aid in the world

Official development assistance per citizen, 2011

110€

60€

70€

EU Japan United States

The EU provides over half of all development aid

The EU – a major trading power

Share of world trade in goods (2007)

Share of world trade in services (2007)

Others53.2%

EU17%

United States14.5%

Japan5.8%

China9.5%

Others40.6%

EU28.5%

United States18.2%

Japan6.8%

China5.9%

A high representative for foreign affairs and security

Catherine Ashton

Double hat: chairs the Foreign Aff airs Council meetings + Vice-president of the European Commission

Manages the common foreign and security policy

Head of European External Action Service

Embassies?

• In addition to bilateral relations with countries and regions in all continents, the EU also operates delegations in all corners of the world. A network of 139 EU delegations and offices are the eyes, ears and mouthpiece of the European Union vis-à-vis the authorities and the population in their host countries.

European External Action Service

• European External Action Service• The EEAS is the European Union's diplomatic corps. It supports the EU

foreign affairs chief (High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Catherine Ashton) in conducting the common foreign and security policy.

• It has Delegations around the world working on behalf of the people of Europe and representing the EU as a whole.

Relationship to other EU bodies

• The EEAS is functionally autonomous from other EU bodies – but has a legal responsibility to ensure its policies are consistent with other EU policies.

• To help ensure this, the High Representative is also a Vice-President of the European Commission, and President of the Foreign Affairs Council. The EEAS diplomatic service also supports High Representative Catherine Ashton in these capacities.

Origins of the EEAS

• November 2009 – Catherine Ashton (UK) chosen as future EU High Representative by EU leaders, created by the Lisbon Treaty. The appointment was later endorsed by a large majority in the European Parliament.

• December 2009 – Lisbon Treaty enters into force• July 2010 – European External Action Service established on 26 July

2010 by decision of the Council of Ministers• December 2010 – Senior EEAS management team nominated and

staff transferred from other EU bodies• January 2011 – EEAS officially launched

SG.2Legal affairs

Van Hegelsom

MD VIICrisis Response and

Operational Coordination Miozzo

CMPDLenoir f.f.

SG.1Corporate

Board Secretariat

Onestini

EDAArnould

EU ISSMissiroli

EU SatCen Lovrenčič

Roy

Political Affairs Department

Security Policy and CSDP Structures

MDR.C.6Rights andobligations

Huber

VII.2EU situation

room Mavromichalis

DSG 2.1Policy Coordination Martinez Carbonell

DSG 2.2StrategicPlanning

Conte

CIVCOM LeinonenPMG Molenaar

G.1Political and

Security CommitteeCostello

GChair of the Political and

Security Committee Stevens

MD VAmericas

Leffler

MD IVNorth Africa, Middle East,Arabian Peninsula,

Iran and IraqMingarelli

MD IIAfrica

Westcott

MD IIIEurope and Central

Asia Fernandez de la Pena

MD VIGlobal and Multilateral

Issues Marinaki

III.BRussia, Eastern

Partnership; Central Asia, Regional

Cooperation and OSCE Wiegand

II.BWest and Central

Africa Ustubs

V.AAmericasSchäfer

I.ASouth and South

East Asia Astuto

VI.B.Multilateral Relations

and Global Issues Auer

MAMA Bozovic MOG Kisling

COMEP Di Michele

IV.A.3Regional policiesfor the Southern Mediterranean

Bergamini

IV.A.5Arabian Peninsula,

Iran and Iraq O’Rourke

IV.A.1Middle East I – Egypt, Syria,

Lebanon, Jordan

Bontosoglou

IV.A.4MaghrebSavage

COWEB Everard

III.B.2Eastern

Partnership – bilateral

Schuebel

COAFR Lunny

II.B.1West Africa

Doyle

II.B.2Central Africa Notarangelo

II.A.1Horn of Africa, East Africa andIndian Ocean

Wiedey-Nippold

AMLAT/COLAT Acosta Soto

V.A.1US, Canada

Andresen Guimaraes

V.1Regional affairs

Hatwell

V.A.2Mexico and

Central America Bell

V.A.3Andean

Countries Fanti

V.A.4Mercosur Countries

Koetsenruijter

I.A.1India, Nepal,

Bhutan Castillo

I.A.2Pakistan,

Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Maldives

Tirr

I.A.3South East Asia

Sabatucci

I.B.1China, HK,

Macao, Taiwan, Mongolia

Fabrizi

CONUNDe Peyron

VI.B.3Multilateralrelations

De Peyron

VI.A.1Human rights

policy guidelines and multilateral

cooperationTison

COASI Majewski

II.A.2Southern Africa Carro Castrillo

VI.A.3Democracy and

electoral observation

Giaufret

MDR CHuman

Resources Larsson

MDR AFinance and

Corporate Support Guerend

MDR.A.2Contracts

Perez Jimenez

MDR.A.1Budget O’Neill

MDR.A.3Informationtechnology

Ruys

MDR.A.4Infrastructure,protocol and conferences Christiane

MDR.B.3Secure

communications

Hottiaux

MDR .B.1Field security

Croll

K.2Conflict prevention, peace building and

mediation instrumentsWasilewska

III.B.3RussiaDegert

K.3Security policy and sanctions

VI.B.1Global issues andcounter-terrorism

Guyader

III.A.2Western Balkans

Jonsson

III.A.1Western Europe

Grippa

IV. 1. European Neighbourhood

Policy Majorenko

II.1Pan-African

affairsCosta

Pereira

III.B.4Central Asia

Kionka

II.AHorn of Africa,

East and Southern Africa,

Indian Ocean Vervaeke

VI.AHuman Rights and

Democracy Arnault

VI.B.2Developmentcooperation coordination

Fernandez-Shaw

V.A.5Caribbean Kalogirou

MDR Administration and Finance

Child

IV.AN. Africa, Middle East,

Arabian Peninsula, Iran and Iraq Berger

Turkey Advisor Portman

VI.A.2Human rights policy

instruments andbilateral

cooperation Mandler

COHOMTheuermann

MDR.B.2HQ security and EEAS security

policyLajos

III.AWestern Europe,

Western Balkans andTurkey

Gentilini

MDR BSecurity Potuyt

III.B.1Eastern

Partnership,Regional

Cooperation and OSCE

Tibbels

IV.A.2Middle East II – Israel, occupiedterritories and

MEPPGabrici

I.BNorth East Asiaand the Pacific

Sabathil

I.B.2Japan, Korea,Australia, New

Zealand Wilson

I.B.3Pacific

Ruiz Serrano

MDR.C.1HR policy and coordination

Vazquez Garrido f.f.

MDR.C.2Selection and recruitment of

AD and AST staff Llombart Cussac

MDR.C.3CA staff, SNE and trainees

Mellado Pascua

MDR.C.4Career and

learning developmentPerez Vidal

MDR.C.5Local agents

Laurent

Foreign Policy Instruments

Service (FPI – Commission

service) Margue

Budget, finance, inter-

institutional relations

Miller

Stability instrument operations

Ruiz-Calavera

CFSPoperations

Krengel

Public diplomacy;

election observation

Nette

SG 4Parliamentary

affairs Castro-

Zuzuarregui

MD IAsia and the

Pacific Isticioaia-Budura

I.1Horizontal affairs

Cody

EUMS DLogistics

Loria

EUMS ECommunications and information

systems Santomartino

ESDC

CPCCHaber

EUMSWosolsobe

Chair EUMC De Rousiers

EUROPEAN EXTERNALACTION SERVICEGraphic presentation

Corporate board

1st October 2013

EUSR

VII.1Crisis response

planning and operations

Pisani

KSecurity policy andconflict prevention

Jenny

COARM LottonCONOP

Rudischhauser CODUN Ganslandt

K.1Weapons of mass

destruction,conventional

weapons, space Ganslandt

MediatorAllegra

F.1Internal audit

Promelle

F.3.Ex-post control

Cavendish

F.2.Delegation support

and evaluation service

De Filippi

Executive SecretaryGeneralVimont

HRVPAshton

Chief Operating OfficerO’Sullivan

SG 3Strategic

communication Mann

Deputy Secretary General Popowski

Deputy Secretary General

Political Director Schmid

CPCC.A1Conduct ofoperations

Garcia Perez

CMPD. A1Coordination

Durazzo

CMPD. A2Capabilities,

concepts, training and exercices

Porzio

CMPD. A3Integrated strategic

planning Lenoir

CMPD.A4CSDP policy,partnerships

and agreements Mariani

CPCC.A2Chief of staff/

horizontal coordination

Janvier

CPPCC.A3Mission support

Pampaloni

EUMS AConcepts and

Capability Roux

EUMS BIntelligence

Alafuzoff

EUMS COperations

Geens

Principal AdvisorSpecial Envoy

Bylica

VII.3Consular crisismanagement

Delcroix

Senior Military AdvisorHuhn

COEST/COSCEVuorimaki

- GREY : Commission Service reporting directly to HRVP ASHTON

Activated EU operations centre

Van der Linde

COTRAZajc Freudenstein

Principal AdvisorMatthiessen

INTCENEU

intelligence Analysis CentreSalmi

INTCEN A.1Analysis Palacios Coronel

INTCEN A.2General and

external relations Molnar

• The Lisbon Treaty (2009) led to major developments in the area of external action, with the creation of the post of High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, and the establishment of the EU's diplomatic arm, the European External Action Service (EEAS).

• The High Representative – a post currently held by Catherine Ashton – exercises, in foreign affairs, the functions previously held by the six-monthly rotating Presidency, the High Representative for Common Foreign and Security Policy and the European Commissioner for External Relations.

Mandate of the High Representative

conducts the Union's common foreign and security policy;contributes by her proposals to the development of that policy,

which she carries out as mandated by the Council, and ensures implementation of the decisions adopted;

presides over the Foreign Affairs Council of Ministers;is one of the Vice-Presidents of the Commission and thus ensures the

consistency of the Union's external action.

represents the Union for matters relating to the common foreign and security policy, conducts political dialogue with third parties on the Union's behalf and expresses the Union's position in international fora.

exercises authority over the European External Action Service and over EU delegations in third countries and at international organisations.

some examples of the role the European Union plays around the

world• Peace building: Through political, practical and economic support the

EU has played a crucial role in peace building in the Western Balkans after the Yugoslav wars. From Bosnia-Herzegovina to Montenegro, the EU has used its power to promote peace and reconciliation. The latest example of this is the dialogue being facilitated by the European Union between Serbia and Kosovo – the "Belgrade-Pristina Dialogue".

• A responsible neighbour: To the east and south of the European Union lie many countries which have in recent years undergone tumultuous political change. The Arab Awakening is just the latest example of this which is why the European Neighbourhood Policy aims to maintain solid and friendly relations with countries that are at the European Union's borders. Promoting democracy, human rights and opening trade and cooperation on visa issues are just some examples of this.

• Development Aid: Did you know that the EU is the largest single donor of development aid? In 2010, the combined total of donations from the EU and member states was €53.8 billion which is making a huge difference to millions of people's livelihoods around the world.

• The EU is member of the Quartet, alongside the United Nations, the United States and Russia, which is working for peace in the Middle East. Resolution of the Arab-Israeli conflict is a strategic priority for Europe. The EU’s objective is a two-state solution with an independent, democratic, viable Palestinian state side-by-side with Israel in peace and security.

• The Union is committed to human rights and works to ensure they are respected universally. The EU has made human rights a central aspect of its external relations: in the political dialogues it holds with third countries; through its development policy and assistance; or through its action in multilateral fora, such as the United Nations.

• The Union works closely with the United Nations on a host of issues. The Union’s belief in multilateralism reflects an attachment to negotiated, binding rules in international relations, and is explicitly spelled out in the Treaty of Lisbon.

• Building security around the world: Under the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), the EU operates civilian and military missions worldwide. These missions carry out a variety of tasks from border management to local police training. For example the Operation EUNAVFOR Atalanta off the coast of Somalia tackles piracy and protects humanitarian shipments of the World Food Programme bound for drought hit areas.

• Crisis Response & Humanitarian Aid: Almost half of all international humanitarian relief comes from the European Union and its members. This provides life saving aid in places like the Horn of Africa where famine stalks whole populations. In addition the European Union stands ready to respond in a coordinated way to any international emergency - be it the earthquake in Haiti, tsunami in Japan or flooding in Pakistan. This brings together all the tools the European Union has at its disposal.

• The Union was instrumental in negotiating the Kyoto Protocol on climate change and, with a domestic low-carbon agenda that is probably the most advanced and sophisticated in the world remains a crucial player on this issue, indispensable for pushing an ambitious agenda of change. The Union is focusing on building a coalition for a legally binding agreement on climate change.

• Trade: The European Union is the world’s largest trading bloc. Trade is a common policy so the EU speaks with a single voice in trade negotiations with international partners in promoting a free and fairer international trading system.

• An enlarging European Union - from 6 to 28: From six countries in 1957 to 28 now, the EU has expanded through the decades – notably after the fall of communism in Central and Eastern Europe. The lure of EU membership and the political and economic stability it brings has meant that many countries aspire to join – although they must first pass tough EU membership tests on democracy and the rule of law to name two.